PREGNANT AWARENESS ABOUT ZIKA VIRUS INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY

Introduction: The infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) on pregnancy has been related to several birth defects such as congenital microcephaly and fetal deaths. According to what is currently known about this infection, the only way to avoid it is prevention. Objective: Evaluate the pregnant women awareness about usual ZIKV infection risks. Methods and materials: This is a quantitative descriptive observational report developed at a outpatient clinic in Salvador/BA. The analysis group was composed by 60 pregnant subjects of usual risk from September to October of 2016. The data acquisition was done by structured instruments such as questions regarding sociodemographic data and ZIKV infection risks. Results: Approximately 97% of the subjects affirmed to known how the disease spread occurs, and all of them have mentioned the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The most commonly reported indications and symptoms were maculopapular rash (77.8%), headache (66.7%) and pruritus (61.1%). The most frequent complication was microcephaly (98.3%). About ways of prevention from the disease, 93.3% affirmed that they are aware of the virus. The use of the repellent lotion was the most mentioned (96.5%). Just 51.8% claimed to always do some prevention measures in their daily basis. And 88.6% of the subjects who had unplanned pregnancy allege that they would not wish to become pregnant with real chances of being infected by the virus. Conclusion: the studied group is aware of the infection risks by ZIKV, but there is a lack of prevention acts.

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Prevenção da infecção pelo zika vírus nas gestantes

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/1981-8963-v11i12a22917p5339-5353-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5339

Author(s):

Daiane Santos ◽

Mariana Alves Pimenta ◽

Flavio Bittencourt ◽

Murilo Cesar Nascimento ◽

Silvana Maria Coelho Leite Fava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Health Workers ◽

Family Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Virus Zika

RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar as competências dos ACS no desenvolvimento das atribuições esperadas e definidas pelo Ministério da Saúde nas ações de pré-natal de risco habitual, desenvolvidas no âmbito da ESF, em relação à prevenção da infecção pelo zika vírus na gestação. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, com coleta de dados em 14 equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, mediante um questionário com três partes: A (enfrentamento ao Aedes aegypti); B (pré-natal de baixo risco) e C (medidas de prevenção pessoal contra o Zika vírus), analisadas por agrupamentos e pelo Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: melhor desempenho foi observado em B, seguido de A. As maiores dificuldades estavam relacionadas com a atividade C. Conclusão: há um panorama favorável de atuação desses profissionais, embora com dificuldades quanto à alimentação dos sistemas de informação, à baixa participação comunitária e à pouca integração com o trabalho das equipes. Descritores: Enfermagem; Agente Comunitário de Saúde; Zika Vírus.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the competences of the ACS in the development of the attributions expected and defined by the Ministry of Health in the habitual, risk prenatal actions, developed within the scope of the FHS, in relation to the prevention of infection by the zika virus during pregnancy. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with data collection in 14 teams of the Family Health Strategy, through a questionnaire with three parts: A (coping with Aedes aegypti); B (low risk prenatal) and C (personal prevention measures against Zika virus), analyzed by clusters and Fisher's Exact Test. Results: better performance was observed in B, followed by A. The greatest difficulties were related to activity C. Conclusion: there is a favorable panorama of these professionals, although with difficulties in feeding information systems, low community participation and little integration with the work of the teams. Descritores: Nursing; Community Health Workers; Zika Virus.RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las competencias de los ACS en el desarrollo de las atribuciones esperadas y definidas por el Ministerio de Salud en las acciones de prenatal de riesgo habitual, desarrolladas en el marco de la ESF, en relación a la prevención de la infección por el zika virus en la gestación. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, con recolección de datos en 14 equipos de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, mediante un cuestionario con tres partes: A (enfrentamiento al Aedes aegypti); B (prenatal de bajo riesgo) y C (medidas de prevención personal contra el Zika virus), analizadas por agrupaciones y por la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: mejor desempeño fue observado en B, seguido de A. Las mayores dificultades estaban relacionadas con la actividad C. Conclusión: hay un panorama favorable de actuación de estos profesionales, aunque con dificultades en cuanto a la alimentación de los sistemas de información, a la baja participación comunitaria y a la poca integración con el trabajo de los equipos. Descritores: Enfermería; Agentes Comunitarios de Salud; Vírus Zika.

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Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Acute Zika Virus Infections in León, Nicaragua

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.20-1191 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie M. Bowman ◽

Filemón Bucardo ◽

Matthew H. Collins ◽

Yaoska Reyes ◽

Edwing Centeno Cuadra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Maculopapular Rash ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Laboratory Findings

The American Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has highlighted the need to gain a better understanding of this emerging virus. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and risk factors for symptomatic ZIKV infection in an area with ongoing transmission of other arboviral infections. We recruited patients at least 2 years of age seeking care at public health centers in León, Nicaragua, between January 2016 and August 2017, for fever, maculopapular rash, and/or nonsuppurative conjunctivitis with a duration of less than 1 week. A laboratory diagnosis of ZIKV was established using a combination of molecular and serological tests. Clinical and laboratory findings and potential risk factors were compared between participants with and without acute ZIKV infection. Fifty-eight (26%) of the 225 participants included in the analysis were found to have acute ZIKV infection. Pregnancy and reports of previous arboviral infection were associated with a higher risk of ZIKV infection. Rash, conjunctivitis, sore throat, and lower absolute neutrophil counts were associated with acute ZIKV infection. The clinical characteristics and risk factors identified were consistent with those identified by previous studies; however, we found sore throat to be a feature of ZIKV infection. We also found that neutrophil counts were lower in ZIKV-infected subjects. These clinical symptoms and laboratory data may help clinicians suspect ZIKV infection during future outbreaks.

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Clinical Outcomes of a Zika Virus Mother–Child Pair Cohort in Spain

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9050352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 352 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antoni Soriano-Arandes ◽

Marie Antoinette Frick ◽

Milagros García López-Hortelano ◽

Elena Sulleiro ◽

Carlota Rodó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Child Pair ◽

Referral Hospitals ◽

Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities ◽

Congenital Microcephaly

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with congenital microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities. There is little published research on the effect of maternal ZIKV infection in a non-endemic European region. We aimed to describe the outcomes of pregnant travelers diagnosed as ZIKV-infected in Spain, and their exposed children. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study of nine referral hospitals enrolled pregnant women (PW) who travelled to endemic areas during their pregnancy or the two previous months, or those whose sexual partners visited endemic areas in the previous 6 months. Infants of ZIKV-infected mothers were followed for about two years. Results: ZIKV infection was diagnosed in 163 PW; 112 (70%) were asymptomatic and 24 (14.7%) were confirmed cases. Among 143 infants, 14 (9.8%) had adverse outcomes during follow-up; three had a congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), and 11 other potential Zika-related outcomes. The overall incidence of CZS was 2.1% (95%CI: 0.4–6.0%), but among infants born to ZIKV-confirmed mothers, this increased to 15.8% (95%CI: 3.4–39.6%). Conclusions: A nearly 10% overall risk of neurologic and hearing adverse outcomes was found in ZIKV-exposed children born to a ZIKV-infected traveler PW. Longer-term follow-up of these children is needed to assess whether there are any later-onset manifestations.

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TRiC/CCT Complex, a Binding Partner of NS1 Protein, Supports the Replication of Zika Virus in Both Mammalians and Mosquitoes

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12050519 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 519

Author(s):

Yuchen Wang ◽

Ryuta Uraki ◽

Jesse Hwang ◽

Erol Fikrig

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Host Factors ◽

Ns1 Protein ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Binding Partner ◽

Promising Therapeutic Target ◽

Critical Components ◽

Congenital Microcephaly

Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause congenital microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome, among other symptoms. Specific treatments and vaccines for ZIKV are not currently available. To further understand the host factors that support ZIKV replication, we used mass spectrometry to characterize mammalian proteins that associate with the ZIKV NS1 protein and identified the TRiC/CCT complex as an interacting partner. Furthermore, the suppression of CCT2, one of the critical components of the TRiC/CCT complex, inhibited ZIKV replication in both mammalian cells and mosquitoes. These results highlight an important role for the TRiC/CCT complex in ZIKV infection, suggesting that the TRiC/CCT complex may be a promising therapeutic target.

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Preventing Zika virus infection during pregnancy by timing conception seasonally

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1818 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Micaela E Martinez-Bakker

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Fetal Death ◽

Viral Infections ◽

World Health ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Transmission Season ◽

In Trans ◽

Congenital Microcephaly ◽

Health Organization ◽

Cns Malformations

It has come to light that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can result in trans-placental transmission to the fetus along with fetal death, congenital microcephaly and/or Central Nervous System (CNS) malformations. There are projected to be > 9, 200, 000 births annually in countries with ongoing ZIKV transmission. In response to the ZIKV threat, the World Health Organization (WHO) is strategically targeting prevention of infection in pregnant women and funding contraception in epidemic regions. I propose that the damaging effects of ZIKV can be reduced by timing pregnancy seasonally to minimize maternal exposure. Like other acute viral infections—including the related flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV)—the transmission of ZIKV is anticipated to be seasonal. By seasonally planning pregnancy, this aspect of pathogen ecology can be leveraged to align sensitive periods of gestation with the low-transmission season.

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Zika Virus Infection in Pregnancy, Microcephaly, and Maternal and Fetal Health: What We Think, What We Know, and What We Think We Know

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/arpa.2016-0382-ra ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 141 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Maria Gabriela Alvarado ◽

David A. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Brain Damage ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fetal Brain ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Host Genetics ◽

Fetal Infection ◽

Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

Congenital Microcephaly

Context.—The global epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has emerged as an important public health problem affecting pregnant women and their infants. Objectives.—To review the causal association between ZIKV infection during pregnancy and intrauterine fetal infection, microcephaly, brain damage, congenital malformation syndrome, and experimental laboratory models of fetal infection. Many questions remain regarding the risk factors, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and timing of maternal-fetal transmission and disease. These include mechanisms of fetal brain damage and microcephaly; the role of covariables, such as viral burden, duration of viremia, and host genetics, on vertical transmission; and the clinical and pathologic spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome. Additional questions include defining the potential long-term physical and neurobehavioral outcomes for infected infants, whether maternal or fetal host genetics influence the clinical outcome, and whether ZIKV infection can cause maternal morbidity. Finally, are experimental laboratory and animal models of ZIKV infection helpful in addressing maternal-fetal viral transmission and the development of congenital microcephaly? This communication provides current information and attempts to address some of these important questions. Data Sources.—Comprehensive review of published scientific literature. Conclusions.—Recent advances in epidemiology, clinical medicine, pathology, and experimental studies have provided a great amount of new information regarding vertical ZIKV transmission and the mechanisms of congenital microcephaly, brain damage, and congenital Zika syndrome in a relatively short time. However, much work still needs to be performed to more completely understand the maternal and fetal aspects of this new and emerging viral disease.

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Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Centers

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10123335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 3335

Author(s):

Rebecca A. Buchwalter ◽

Sarah C. Ogden ◽

Sara B. York ◽

Li Sun ◽

Chunfeng Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Infectious Virus ◽

Virus Production ◽

Health Concern ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Microtubule Organizing Centers ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Congenital Microcephaly ◽

A Site

Zika virus (ZIKV) became a global health concern in 2016 due to its links to congenital microcephaly and other birth defects. Flaviviruses, including ZIKV, reorganize the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form a viroplasm, a compartment where virus particles are assembled. Microtubules (MTs) and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) coordinate structural and trafficking functions in the cell, and MTs also support replication of flaviviruses. Here we investigated the roles of MTs and the cell’s MTOCs on ZIKV viroplasm organization and virus production. We show that a toroidal-shaped viroplasm forms upon ZIKV infection, and MTs are organized at the viroplasm core and surrounding the viroplasm. We show that MTs are necessary for viroplasm organization and impact infectious virus production. In addition, the centrosome and the Golgi MTOC are closely associated with the viroplasm, and the centrosome coordinates the organization of the ZIKV viroplasm toroidal structure. Surprisingly, viroplasm formation and virus production are not significantly impaired when infected cells have no centrosomes and impaired Golgi MTOC, and we show that MTs are anchored to the viroplasm surface in these cells. We propose that the viroplasm is a site of MT organization, and the MTs organized at the viroplasm are sufficient for efficient virus production.

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Preventing Zika virus infection during pregnancy by timing conception seasonally

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1818v3 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Micaela E Martinez-Bakker

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Fetal Death ◽

Viral Infections ◽

World Health ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Transmission Season ◽

In Trans ◽

Congenital Microcephaly ◽

Health Organization ◽

Cns Malformations

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Is Zika Virus an Emerging TORCH Agent? An Invited Commentary

Virology Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178122x17708993 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1178122X1770899 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammad Zare Mehrjardi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Fetal Ultrasound ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽

Congenital Microcephaly

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus from the family Flaviviridae, which had caused some epidemics since its discovery in 1947 without any significant impacts on public health. In 2015, however, a 20-fold increase in congenital microcephaly cases in northeastern Brazil was attributed to prenatally acquired ZIKV infection. Traditionally, TORCH agents have 4 common characteristics including causing a mild illness in infected mother, vertical transmission to fetus, developing several anomalies in the affected fetus, and in some instances, maternal therapy may not ameliorate fetal prognosis. Prenatal ZIKV infection has shown the aforementioned characteristics during the recent epidemics in South America and the Caribbean region; therefore, it should be considered as an emerging TORCH agent that may seriously threaten public health. Fetal ultrasound can be used as a safe, inexpensive, and easy-to-access imaging modality for detecting suspicious cases of congenital Zika syndrome in utero and suggesting confirmatory diagnostic examinations to these patients.

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Zika virus causes supernumerary foci with centriolar proteins and impaired spindle positioning

Open Biology ◽

10.1098/rsob.160231 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 160231 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Benita Wolf ◽

Fodé Diop ◽

Pauline Ferraris ◽

Sineewanlaya Wichit ◽

Coralie Busso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hela Cells ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Cell Cycle Progression ◽

Neural Progenitor Cells ◽

Neural Progenitor ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Multipolar Spindle ◽

Spindle Positioning ◽

Congenital Microcephaly

Zika virus (ZIKV) causes congenital microcephaly. Although ZIKV can impair cell cycle progression and provoke apoptosis, which probably contributes to disease aetiology through depletion of neural progenitor cells, additional cellular mechanisms may be important. Here, we investigated whether ZIKV infection alters centrosome number and spindle positioning, because such defects are thought to be at the root of inherited primary autosomal recessive microcephaly (MCPH). In addition to HeLa cells, in which centrosome number and spindle positioning can be well monitored, we analysed retinal epithelial cells (RPE-1), as well as brain-derived microglial (CHME-5) and neural progenitor (ReN) cells, using immunofluorescence. We established that ZIKV infection leads to supernumerary foci containing centriolar proteins that in some cases drive multipolar spindle assembly, as well as spindle positioning defects in HeLa, RPE-1 and CHME-5 cells, but not in ReN cells. We uncovered similar phenotypes in HeLa cells upon infection with dengue virus (DENV-2), another flavivirus that does not target brain cells and does not cause microcephaly. We conclude that infection with Flaviviridae can increase centrosome numbers and impair spindle positioning, thus potentially contributing to microcephaly in the case of Zika.

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