Canalized urban rivers

The Biriguizinho Stream, like so many other urban rivers, has undergone changes over the years, with the correction of its banks, channeling and suppression of its source. These measures were seen as the most adequate to enable the urban growth of Birigui-SP. However, with the passage of time and expansion without predetermined guidelines, episodes of flooding occur in the region of the aforementioned stream, overloaded with the runoff of rainwater from a large part of the city. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors that contribute to flooding on the banks of the Biriguizinho stream, in the city of Birigui/SP, with the aim of proposing green infrastructure solutions that mitigate or definitively affect floods, avoiding risky situations. The methodological procedures adopted include readings on the themes of urban rivers, landscape, perception, risks, and green infrastructure, in addition to observation of the study area.

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Monitoring Urban Green Infrastructure Changes and Impact on Habitat Connectivity Using High-Resolution Satellite Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12183072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 3072 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dorothy Furberg ◽

Yifang Ban ◽

Ulla Mörtberg

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Land Cover ◽

Land Cover Change ◽

Urban Growth ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Support Vector ◽

Habitat Network ◽

Green Areas ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

In recent decades, the City of Stockholm, Sweden, has grown substantially and is now the largest city in Scandinavia. Recent urban growth is placing pressure on green areas within and around the city. In order to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services, green infrastructure is part of Stockholm municipal planning. This research quantifies land-cover change in the City of Stockholm between 2003 and 2018 and examines what impact urban growth has had on its green infrastructure. Two 2018 WorldView-2 images and three 2003 QuickBird-2 images were used to produce classifications of 11 land-cover types using object-based image analysis and a support vector machine algorithm with spectral, geometric and texture features. The classification accuracies reached over 90% and the results were used in calculations and comparisons to determine the impact of urban growth in Stockholm between 2003 and 2018, including the generation of land-cover change statistics in relation to administrative boundaries and green infrastructure. For components of the green infrastructure, i.e., habitat networks for selected sensitive species, habitat network analysis for the European crested tit (Lophophanes cristatus) and common toad (Bufo bufo) was performed. Between 2003 and 2018, urban areas increased by approximately 4% while green areas decreased by 2% in comparison with their 2003 areal amounts. The most significant urban growth occurred through expansion of the transport network, paved surfaces and construction areas which increased by 12%, mainly at the expense of grassland and coniferous forest. Examination of urban growth within the green infrastructure indicated that most land area was lost in dispersal zones (28 ha) while the highest percent change was within habitat for species of conservation concern (14%). The habitat network analysis revealed that overall connectivity decreased slightly through patch fragmentation and areal loss mainly caused by road expansion on the outskirts of the city. The habitat network analysis also revealed which habitat areas are well-connected and which are most vulnerable. These results can assist policymakers and planners in their efforts to ensure sustainable urban development including sustaining biodiversity in the City of Stockholm.

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The genus Synura (Synurales, Synurophyceae) in small urban rivers of Nizhniy Novgorod

Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii ◽

10.31111/nsnr/2017.51.57 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 57-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. S. Gusev ◽

O. S. Perminova ◽

N. A. Startseva ◽

A. G. Okhapkin

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Small Rivers ◽

Urban Rivers ◽

Large Lakes ◽

Volga River ◽

Volga River Basin ◽

Means Of Transmission ◽

Special Studies ◽

The City

The latest special studies of the genus Synura in Russia were conducted in the 1970s. In the last decade, 14 new species of the genus were described based on molecular and morphological data. The total number of valid taxa of the genus has increased to 49. Only 18 taxa of Synura are known in Russia up to date, and the diver sity of the genus on this huge territory is strongly underestimated. Previous studies of the genus were focused mainly on large lakes or reservoirs. To reveal a more complete flora, it is necessary to include other habitats into account. Small urban rivers can be prospective habitats for interesting taxa including synuralean algae. Our study focuses on the taxonomic composition of the genus Synura in four small rivers in Nizhniy Novgorod (European Russia): Chyornaya, Levinka, Borzovka and Rzhavka. All the rivers flow in the city and fall under strong anthropogenic impact. The genus Synura was studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy during 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015. In total, eight species and one form of Synura have been found: S. conopea, S. curtispina, S. echinulata, S. glabra, S. macropora, S. petersenii, S. spinosa f. spinosa, S. spinosa f. longispina, S. uvella. All nine taxa were observed in the river Chyornaya. Five taxa were found in the rivers Levinka, Borzovka and Rzhavka. One species (Synura conopea) is a new record to the flora of Russia. It was found in all studied rivers. Four taxa (S. conopea, S. glabra, S. macropora, S. spinosa f. longispina) are new records to the Middle Volga river basin.

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Thematic structure of the GIS database Khabarovsk city protected areas

Geodesy and Cartography ◽

10.22389/0016-7126-2020-961-7-56-64 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 961 (7) ◽

pp. 56-64

Author(s):

G.Y. Morozova ◽

I.D. Debelaia

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Ecological Framework ◽

Thematic Structure ◽

City Area ◽

Gis Database ◽

The City

Protected areas are key elements of the green infrastructure and ecological framework of cities. They have multifunctional significance as centers of investment attractiveness. The percentage of protected zones in the city’s total area is an indicator of its sustainable development. Their total area in Khabarovsk is 567.8 ha (1.5% of the city area)

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Toward A Framework for Assessing the Fair Distribution of Space in Urban Streets

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198121995196 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812199519

Author(s):

Gabriel Lefebvre-Ropars ◽

Catherine Morency ◽

Paula Negron-Poblete

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Active Transportation ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Urban Context ◽

Urban Streets ◽

Street Space ◽

The World ◽

Fair Distribution ◽

The City

The increasing popularity of street redesigns highlights the intense competition for street space between their different users. More and more cities around the world mention in their planning documents their intention to rebalance streets in favor of active transportation, transit, and green infrastructure. However, few efforts have managed to formalize quantifiable measurements of the balance between the different users and usages of the street. This paper proposes a method to assess the balance between the three fundamental dimensions of the street—the link, the place, and the environment—as well as a method to assess the adequation between supply and demand for the link dimension at the corridor level. A series of open and government georeferenced datasets were integrated to determine the detailed allocation of street space for 11 boroughs of the city of Montréal, Canada. Travel survey data from the 2013 Origine-Destination survey was used to model different demand profiles on these streets. The three dimensions of the street were found to be most unbalanced in the central boroughs of the city, which are also the most dense and touristic neighborhoods. A discrepancy between supply and demand for transit users and cyclists was also observed across the study area. This highlights the potential of using a distributive justice framework to approach the question of the fair distribution of street space in an urban context.

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Urban Growth, Real Estate Development and Indigenous Property: Simulating the Expansion Process in the City of Temuco, Chile

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10020101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Francisco Maturana ◽

Mauricio Morales ◽

Fernando Peña-Cortés ◽

Marco A. Peña ◽

Carlos Vielma

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Urban Growth ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Real Estate Development ◽

Territorial Planning ◽

The Future ◽

Urban Scenario ◽

The City

Urbanization is spreading across the world and beyond metropolitan areas. Medium-sized cities have also undergone processes of accelerated urban expansion, especially in Latin America, thanks to scant regulation or a complete lack thereof. Thus, understanding urban growth in the past and simulating it in the future has become a tool to raise its visibility and challenge territorial planners. In this work, we use Markov chains, cellular automata, multi-criteria multi-objective evaluation, and the determination of land use/land cover (LULC) to model the urban growth of the city of Temuco, Chile, a paradigmatic case because it has experienced powerful growth, where real estate development pressures coexist with a high natural value and the presence of indigenous communities. The urban scenario is determined for the years 2033 and 2049 based on the spatial patterns between 1985 and 2017, where the model shows the trend of expansion toward the northeast and significant development in the western sector of the city, making them two potential centers of expansion and conflict in the future given the heavy pressure on lands that are indigenous property and have a high natural value, aspects that need to be incorporated into future territorial planning instruments.

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A New Integrated Approach for Municipal Landfill Siting Based on Urban Physical Growth Prediction: A Case Study Mashhad Metropolis in Iran

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13050949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 949

Author(s):

Salman Qureshi ◽

Saman Nadizadeh Shorabeh ◽

Najmeh Neysani Samany ◽

Foad Minaei ◽

Mehdi Homaee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Growth ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Support Vector ◽

Markov Chain Method ◽

Physical Expansion ◽

Hierarchy Process ◽

The City

Due to irregular and uncontrolled expansion of cities in developing countries, currently operational landfill sites cannot be used in the long-term, as people will be living in proximity to these sites and be exposed to unhygienic circumstances. Hence, this study aims at proposing an integrated approach for determining suitable locations for landfills while considering their physical expansion. The proposed approach utilizes the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to weigh the sets of identified landfill location criteria. Furthermore, the weighted linear combination (WLC) approach was applied for the elicitation of the proper primary locations. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) and cellular automation-based Markov chain method were used to predict urban growth. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach, it was applied to a case study, namely the city of Mashhad in Iran, where suitable sites for landfills were identified considering the urban growth in different geographical directions for this city by 2048. The proposed approach could be of use for policymakers, urban planners, and other decision-makers to minimize uncertainty arising from long-term resource allocation.

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Using Land Cover, Population, and Night Light Data for Assessing Local Temperature Differences in Mainz, Germany

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-14-0124.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 658-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jenny Lindén ◽

Jan Esper ◽

Björn Holmer

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Central Europe ◽

Urban Growth ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Surface Coverage ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Source Areas ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

The City

AbstractUrban areas are believed to affect temperature readings, thereby biasing the estimation of twentieth-century warming at regional to global scales. The precise effect of changes in the surroundings of meteorological stations, particularly gradual changes due to urban growth, is difficult to determine. In this paper, data from 10 temperature stations within 15 km of the city of Mainz (Germany) over a period of 842 days are examined to assess the connection between temperature and the properties of the station surroundings, considering (i) built/paved area surface coverage, (ii) population, and (iii) night light intensity. These properties were examined in circles with increasing radii from the stations to identify the most influential source areas. Daily maximum temperatures Tmax, as well as daily average temperatures, are shown to be significantly influenced by elevation and were adjusted before the analysis of anthropogenic surroundings, whereas daily minimum temperatures Tmin were not. Significant correlations (p < 0.1) between temperature and all examined properties of station surroundings up to 1000 m are found, but the effects are diminished at larger distance. Other factors, such as slope and topographic position (e.g., hollows), were important, especially to Tmin. Therefore, properties of station surroundings up to 1000 m from the stations are most suitable for the assessment of potential urban influence on Tmax and Tmin in the temperate zone of central Europe.

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Green infrastructure in high-rise residential development on steep slopes in city of Vladivostok

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183301004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 01004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alla Kopeva ◽

Olga Ivanova ◽

Olga Khrapko

Keyword(s):

Urban Design ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Residential Development ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

High Rise ◽

The World ◽

Green Walls ◽

Steep Slopes ◽

The City

The purpose of this study is to identify the facilities of green infrastructure that are able to improve living conditions in an urban environment in high-rise residential apartments buildings on steep slopes in the city of Vladivostok. Based on the analysis of theoretical sources and practices that can be observed in the world, green infrastructure facilities have been identified. These facilities meet the criteria of the sustainable development concept, and can be used in the city of Vladivostok. They include green roofs, green walls, and greening of disturbed slopes. All the existing high-rise apartments buildings situated on steep slopes in the city of Vladivostok, have been studied. It is concluded that green infrastructure is necessary to be used in new projects connected with designing and constructing of residential apartments buildings on steep slopes, as well as when upgrading the projects that have already been implemented. That will help to regulate the ecological characteristics of the sites. The results of the research can become a basis for increasing the sustainability of the habitat, and will facilitate the adoption of decisions in the field of urban design and planning.

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