scholarly journals Androcentrism of English proverbs and Anti-Proverbs with Gender Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Maria Kirsanova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Changing Role

Since the 20th century with the birth of feminism, gender studies have undergone analysis in many areas of knowledge. Special attention has been paid to the theory of androcentricity in the English language and the deficiency of female images in speech. In this article, the images of men and women presented by English proverbs and anti-proverbs are analyzed. The objective of this research is to find out if proverbs are androcentric and present male mindsets and world views. The other aim is to check whether anti-proverbs reflect the changing role of women in society. To fulfill these purposes, proverbs with gender components (man/woman, wife/husband, he/she etс.) were selected and underwent a semantic analysis. In order to reveal the evolution of the images of men and women we compared the images of men and women illustrated in proverbs with those shown in anti-proverbs with the same gender components. As a result, we came to the conclusion that both proverbs and anti-proverbs are androcentric; however, in anti-proverbs female opinions are more representative when compared to proverbs. To sum up, it is obvious that the role of women is changing and the changes are reflected in the language. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

scholarly journals Androcentrism of English proverbs and Anti-Proverbs with Gender Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Maria Kirsanova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Views ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Changing Role

Since the 20th century with the birth of feminism, gender studies have undergone analysis in many areas of knowledge. Special attention has been paid to the theory of androcentricity in the English language and the deficiency of female images in speech. In this article, the images of men and women presented by English proverbs and anti-proverbs are analyzed. The objective of this research is to find out if proverbs are androcentric and present male mindsets and world views. The other aim is to check whether anti-proverbs reflect the changing role of women in society. To fulfill these purposes, proverbs with gender components (man/woman, wife/husband, he/she etс.) were selected and underwent a semantic analysis. In order to reveal the evolution of the images of men and women we compared the images of men and women illustrated in proverbs with those shown in anti-proverbs with the same gender components. As a result, we came to the conclusion that both proverbs and anti-proverbs are androcentric; however, in anti-proverbs female opinions are more representative when compared to proverbs. To sum up, it is obvious that the role of women is changing and the changes are reflected in the language.

scholarly journals REINTERPRETASI AYAT GENDER DALAM MEMAHAMI RELASI LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN (Kajian Kontekstual QS An-Nisa` ayat 34)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Mayola Andika
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Nowadays, the issues of gender become hot topics to be discussed. It caused by the reality of some society who still hold the principle of patriarchal culture. Men tend to get the privileges than women. Basically, Islam upholds equality between men and women. Islam is believed as an ideal religion that is revealed for lift level and free up women from Jahiliyyah tradition in which marginalize women’s position. Verses of the Qur'an have revealed the equality of man and women and outline the equation in between both of them. As for the difference is their level of devotion. However, in religious empirical reality, the problem of gender bias arises whilst understanding and interpreting the religion texts. The misinterpretation then brought up the problem interrelated with men and women relation, for instance injustice, subordination, discrimination, and marginalization. Thus, the author assumes that a review of the interpretations of the verses and models of interpretation that tend to marginalize the role of women is needed to be conducted. In this research, the author elaborates of how the relation betwen men and women in Al-quran’s perspective through reinterpretation of Surat An-Nisa, verse 34 in contextual. The author focuses on the gender studies and connect it with the concept of men and women equality with descriptive-analitics method. Abstrak. Dewasa ini isu gender hangat diperbincangkan. Hal itu dilatarbelakangi oleh realitas masyarakat yang sebagian masih memegang prinsip budaya patriaki. Laki-laki mendapatkan hak-hak istimewa, sedangkan kaum perempuan cenderung dinomorduakan. Islam pada dasarnya menjunjung tinggi kesetaraan. Agama Islam diyakini sebagai agama yang ideal. Diturunkan untuk mengangkat derajat dan membebaskan perempuan dari tradisi jahiliyyah yang memarginalisasi kedudukannya. Ayat al-Qur’an telah mengungkapkan kesetaraan laki-laki dan perempuan serta menggariskan persamaan kedudukan di antara keduanya. Adapun yang membedakan adalah tingkat ketaqwaan. Namun, dalam realitas empiris keagamaan timbul problem pemahaman dan penafsiran teks-teks agama yang bias gender. Hal tersebut kemudian memunculkan masalah berkaitan dengan relasi laki-laki dan perempuan, seperti ketidakadilan, subordinasi, diskriminasi, dan marginalisasi. Untuk itu penulis menganggap perlu adanya peninjauan ulang interpretasi ayat dan model penafsiran yang cenderung meminggirkan peranan kaum perempuan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis memaparkan bagaimana relasi laki-laki dan perempuan dalam perspektif al-Qur’an melalui reinterpretasi terhadap penafsiran QS an-Nisa` ayat 34 secara kontekstual. Penulis memfokuskan kajian gender dan menghubungkannya dengan konsep kesetaraan laki-laki dan perempuan dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. 

scholarly journals The Other Partner: The Changing Role of Good Provider for Men’s Union Formation in Industrialized Countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Goldscheider ◽  
Dennis Hogan ◽  
Pierre Turcotte
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Most studies of union formation behaviors have focused on women and children, with less emphasis on men. Using comparable retrospective survey data, this study looks at the ways Canadian, Italian and Swedish men begin conjugal life (distinguishing between marriage and cohabitation) and at how the effects of their good provider status qualifications have changed in the last 30 years. Results for Canadian men have shown that the simple patterns that have been assumed to shape separate and symmetrical roles for men and women are taking new shapes with the growth in cohabitation and changes in women's economic roles. Our study will extend these results to examine two countries at very different levels of cohabitation prevalence: Italy, where the growth in cohabitation has just begun, and Sweden, where it has been underway much longer than in Canada. Our results show strongly parallel changes underway in each country, indicating that it is important to continue to compare, both between countries and over time, if we are to understand the situations fostering (or not) changing gender roles for men as good providers.

scholarly journals PEREMPUAN DAN KESENJANGAN IPTEK

EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Harini
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Country Today

The role of women in our country today has grown rapidly in all fields, in- cluding the development of science and technology. It is not separated from service Raden Kartini Maya memeperjuangkan have equal rights between men and women. But on the other hand it must be admitted also that in fact there are still wide gaps between groups of highly educated women to men on how to view on the role of women in science and technology devel- opment. Even more extreme again why women are always left behind his achievements in the field of science and technology than men, although there are few women in science and technology achievements are not inferior to men.<br /><br />Keywords: Perempuan, Kesenjangan, ilmu pengetahuan dan Teknologi.

scholarly journals Si Rukat Nakan dalam Masyarakat Karo

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Raharja Sembiring ◽  
Dina Datu Paonganan ◽  
Rut Debora Butar-butar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Husband And Wife

This article aims to describe the relations of equality and respect for men and women in the Karo cultural frame. The relationship between the two, where adat (culture) is the main reference often has bad-faced implications for the Karo patriarchy. Patriarch Karo is often claimed not to have a space of equality and respect for women. The problem will be focused on the use of idioms attached to Karo women. One idiom that is very attached to Karo women is rukat nakan. Idiom the rukat nakan describes the domestic duties of women, namely arranging accommodation and household logistics. With regard to the relationship between men and women, feminists claim the rukat nakan idiom is a form of condescension toward women, even an attempt to domesticate Karo patriarchal role of women. On the other hand, this idiom is also often referred to to validate the wife's subordination to her husband. The results of the research through interviews, literary research and analysis of Karo song poems, the idioms of rukat nakan are an illustration of the appreciation of the domestic role of women. Si rukat nakan is a domestic assignment which describes a very private relationship between husband and wife. The term “si rukat nakan” is not to denigrate or domesticate women, but it shows respect for women's roles.

scholarly journals REINTERPRETASI AYAT GENDER DALAM MEMAHAMI RELASI LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN (Kajian Kontekstual QS An-Nisa` ayat 34)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Mayola Andika
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Nowadays, the issues of gender become hot topics to be discussed. It caused by the reality of some society who still hold the principle of patriarchal culture. Men tend to get the privileges than women. Basically, Islam upholds equality between men and women. Islam is believed as an ideal religion that is revealed for lift level and free up women from Jahiliyyah tradition in which marginalize women’s position. Verses of the Qur'an have revealed the equality of man and women and outline the equation in between both of them. As for the difference is their level of devotion. However, in religious empirical reality, the problem of gender bias arises whilst understanding and interpreting the religion texts. The misinterpretation then brought up the problem interrelated with men and women relation, for instance injustice, subordination, discrimination, and marginalization. Thus, the author assumes that a review of the interpretations of the verses and models of interpretation that tend to marginalize the role of women is needed to be conducted. In this research, the author elaborates of how the relation betwen men and women in Al-quran’s perspective through reinterpretation of Surat An-Nisa, verse 34 in contextual. The author focuses on the gender studies and connect it with the concept of men and women equality with descriptive-analitics method. Abstrak. Dewasa ini isu gender hangat diperbincangkan. Hal itu dilatarbelakangi oleh realitas masyarakat yang sebagian masih memegang prinsip budaya patriaki. Laki-laki mendapatkan hak-hak istimewa, sedangkan kaum perempuan cenderung dinomorduakan. Islam pada dasarnya menjunjung tinggi kesetaraan. Agama Islam diyakini sebagai agama yang ideal. Diturunkan untuk mengangkat derajat dan membebaskan perempuan dari tradisi jahiliyyah yang memarginalisasi kedudukannya. Ayat al-Qur’an telah mengungkapkan kesetaraan laki-laki dan perempuan serta menggariskan persamaan kedudukan di antara keduanya. Adapun yang membedakan adalah tingkat ketaqwaan. Namun, dalam realitas empiris keagamaan timbul problem pemahaman dan penafsiran teks-teks agama yang bias gender. Hal tersebut kemudian memunculkan masalah berkaitan dengan relasi laki-laki dan perempuan, seperti ketidakadilan, subordinasi, diskriminasi, dan marginalisasi. Untuk itu penulis menganggap perlu adanya peninjauan ulang interpretasi ayat dan model penafsiran yang cenderung meminggirkan peranan kaum perempuan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis memaparkan bagaimana relasi laki-laki dan perempuan dalam perspektif al-Qur’an melalui reinterpretasi terhadap penafsiran QS an-Nisa` ayat 34 secara kontekstual. Penulis memfokuskan kajian gender dan menghubungkannya dengan konsep kesetaraan laki-laki dan perempuan dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. 

The Equality of Women: The Bahá’í Principle of Complementarity

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
John S. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
Baha'i Faith ◽  
Religious Convictions ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

The Bahá’í teachings simultaneously assert the equality of men and women while advocating in some cases distinct duties according to gender. Since the Bahá’í Faith also teaches that religious convictions should be examined by the “standards of science,” this ostensible paradox invites careful study. At the heart of the response to this query is the Universal House of Justice statement that “equality between men and women does not, indeed physiologically it cannot, mean identity of functions.” To appreciate and to accept this thesis that there can be gender distinction, even insofar as the assignment of fundamental tasks is concerned, without any attendant diminution in the role of women, we must turn to statements in the Bahá’í writings about the complementary relationship between men and women. Through a careful consideration of this principle, we can discover how there can indeed be gender distinction without inequality in status or function.

Machine Translation for EFL

Relay Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Paul J. Moore ◽  
Phil Murphy ◽  
Luann Pascucci ◽  
Scott Sustenance
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
English Language Institute ◽  
Changing Role

This paper reports on an ongoing study into the affordances of free online machine translation for students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) at the tertiary level in Japan. The researchers are currently collecting data from a questionnaire, task performance, and interviews with 10-15 EFL learners in an English Language Institute in a university in Japan. The paper provides some background on the changing role of translation in language learning theory and pedagogy, before focusing literature related to technical developments in machine translation technology, and its application to foreign language learning. An overview of the research methodology is provided, along with some insights into potential findings. Findings will be presented in subsequent publications.

scholarly journals Women in Violent Extremism in Sweden

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Hernan Mondani ◽  
Amir Rostami ◽  
Tina Askanius ◽  
Jerzy Sarnecki ◽  
Christofer Edling
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Employment Share ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Islamic Extremism ◽  
Better Than

This presentation summarizes a register-based study on women who have been identified as belonging to three violent extremist milieus in Sweden: violent Islamic, violent far-right, and violent far-left extremism. We studied the women in these milieus along a number of analytical dimensions, ranging from demographic and educational to criminal background and network relationships, and compared them to three reference groups: (i) non-extremist biological sisters to female extremists in the study population; (ii) men in the respective extremist milieus; and (iii) female members of other antagonistic milieus such as organized crime. Our results showed that there are both similarities and differences between groups. In some cases, like age and region of birth, there are commonalities between violent far-right and violent far-left women. Regarding region of birth and migration background, women affiliated to violent far-right and violent far-left extremism are predominantly born in Sweden. Women affiliated to violent Islamic extremism tend to be born in Sweden to a greater extent than men in the same milieu, but to a much lesser degree than women in the violent far-right and violent far-left. When it comes to education, women in the violent Islamic milieu are closer to women in violent far-right extremism. Women in violent far-left extremism perform best at school, with consistently higher grades. The average score of women in violent far-left extremism is identical to that of their sisters, and women in violent far-left extremism perform on average substantially better than men in the same milieu. Women in violent Islamic extremism, in contrast, perform on average similarly to men in violent far-left extremism, and they perform better than their biological sisters. Regarding labor market attachment, violent Islamic extremists have the weakest attachment and the highest dependency upon financial assistance as well as a low employment share (36 percent in 2016), but also a relatively high share of individuals with a high number of unemployment days, suggesting that women in violent Islamic extremism experience higher social exclusion. We find the highest employment share among women in violent far-left extremism, where 89 percent are gainfully employed in 2016 (80 percent for at least three of the last five years) and about a 20 percent unemployment share. Men in violent far-left extremism have an employment share around 10 percent below that of the women in far-left extremism for 2016. The highest fractions of individuals that have not been in contact with the health system due to mental disorders are among violent Islamic extremism, with the women’s fraction at 84 percent, compared to their non-extremist sisters and men in the same milieu that are just above 79 percent. Women in violent far-left extremism have the highest share of in-patient major mental disorders among the extremist milieus (3 percent), higher than men in the same milieu (less than 1 percent) as well as than women and their sisters in the other categories. During the period 2007–2016, 68 percent of individuals in the extremist milieus are covered by the register of suspected individuals. The coverage is substantially higher for men, 72 percent than for women, 43 percent. Compared to their sisters, women in all three milieus are criminally active to a much higher extent. However, women in all three milieus are less criminally active than women in other antagonistic milieus, among whom 67 percent have been suspected at least once. In all three milieus, the share of men with a criminal record is about twice as large as that of women. As far as the gender aspect is concerned, we know that extremist milieus generally have a conservative view of the role of women in society. In our results, this is reflected in the low rates of crime in women compared to men, and relatively marginal positions in the co-offending networks. The fact that women in violent far-left extremism have stronger positions in their networks than the other women in the study population is expected, given that the ideology of this milieu allows for greater equality. This means that women in violent far-left extremism participate more often than, e.g., women in violent far-right extremism, in political actions where violence is common. This pattern of gender roles and criminal involvement also holds concerning women in violent Islamic extremism. This milieu has a more traditional view of the role of women than views among even violent far-right extremists. Women in violent Islamic extremism are less involved in crime and, in particular, violent crime.

Individual and Community: The Changing Role of Megaliths in the Orcadian Neolithic

1985 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Sharples
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Size Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Changing Role

This paper is an exploration of the chronological development of a series of elaborate and architecturally distinctive chambered tombs on the Islands of Orkney. It begins with a short critique of the present views of the Orcadian Neolithic and highlights a failure to understand chronological developments as the most significant problem. Thus after a brief classification of the monuments there is a detailed discussion of the chronological evidence which consciously avoids typological assumptions. This is followed by an examination of the various uses the tombs were put to and involves an assessment of the location and architectural visibility of the monuments and the remains found in the chamber. When combined with the chronological evidence a series of changes in monument size, type, location and use can be hypothesized for the neolithic period. This culminates in a shift away from burial monuments to physically defined spaces, presumably used for ceremonial purposes. These changes can be interpreted as deliberate manipulation by groups within that society to change the ideological concepts which defined the role of the individual in relation to the other members of the society.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document