scholarly journals Who Speaks with My Synthesized Voice? Some Roles of Other-initiated Repair in Augmented Intaraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-600
Author(s):  
Саша Курленкова
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Communication Impairments ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Scaffolding Strategies

As conversation analysis shows, all talk is highly collaborative, and meaning is created dialogically and sequentially, via the concerted actions of all the participants involved. In the case of people with communication impairments, the collaborative character of talk is even more manifest. A speaker with dysarthria, for example, may communicate through typing their messages to a text-to-speech communication app or device, using a communication (alphabet) board, or gazing at objects. This article focuses on one type of co-construction effort aimed at helping an augmented speaker to communicate, a process that can be called other-initiated repair. Although this practice is a common way of achieving understanding with people who have communication needs, in some cases repair initiation is used to do more than that. In this paper, I conduct conversation analysis of a video-recording of naturalistic interactions inside a Russian-speaking family involving a 10-year-old girl with dysarthria who communicates with her parents through an eyetracker-controlled computer interface. In this case, her parents use the structural position of repair initiation on the girl’s words not only to clarify the meaning of her message but to continue the preceding polemics over the mom’s birthday present. I argue that although this is just one instance of the use of other-repair in playful communication between family members, The potentiality of providing the type of guessing which aligns with the guesser’s interests is present in other repair sequences. This can be consequential for lives of people with communication needs when done in more official settings. Studying similar repair sequences can help better delineate 'good' scaffolding strategies in co-construction of speech of someone with communication needs.

A Review of 21 iPad Applications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Purposes

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Alliano ◽  
Kimberly Herriger ◽  
Anthony D. Koutsoftas ◽  
Theresa E. Bartolotta
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Expressive Communication ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Ipad Applications

Abstract Using the iPad tablet for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) purposes can facilitate many communicative needs, is cost-effective, and is socially acceptable. Many individuals with communication difficulties can use iPad applications (apps) to augment communication, provide an alternative form of communication, or target receptive and expressive language goals. In this paper, we will review a collection of iPad apps that can be used to address a variety of receptive and expressive communication needs. Based on recommendations from Gosnell, Costello, and Shane (2011), we describe the features of 21 apps that can serve as a reference guide for speech-language pathologists. We systematically identified 21 apps that use symbols only, symbols and text-to-speech, and text-to-speech only. We provide descriptions of the purpose of each app, along with the following feature descriptions: speech settings, representation, display, feedback features, rate enhancement, access, motor competencies, and cost. In this review, we describe these apps and how individuals with complex communication needs can use them for a variety of communication purposes and to target a variety of treatment goals. We present information in a user-friendly table format that clinicians can use as a reference guide.

Communicative practices in talking about death and dying in the context of Thai cancer care

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Pairote Wilainuch
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Religious Support ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Thai People ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article explores communicative practices surrounding how nurses, patients and family members engage when talking about death and dying, based on study conducted in a province in northern Thailand. Data were collected from three environments: a district hospital (nine cases), district public health centres (four cases), and in patients’ homes (27 cases). Fourteen nurses, 40 patients and 24 family members gave written consent for participation. Direct observation and in-depth interviews were used for supplementary data collection, and 40 counselling sessions were recorded on video. The raw data were analysed using Conversation Analysis. The study found that Thai counselling is asymmetrical. Nurses initiated the topic of death by referring to the death of a third person – a dead patient – with the use of clues and via list-construction. As most Thai people are oriented to Buddhism, religious support is selected for discussing this sensitive topic, and nurses also use Buddhism and list-construction to help their clients confront uncertain futures. However, Buddhism is not brought into discussion on its own, but combined with other techniques such as the use of euphemisms or concern and care for others.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Perception of Their Code-Switching Practices in English as a Foreign Language Classes: The Results of Stimulated Recall Interview and Conversation Analysis

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110138
Author(s):  
Yetti Zainil ◽  
Safnil Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Stimulated Recall ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Stimulated Recall Interviews

Teachers often code-switch in the EFL classroom, but the question of whether or not they are aware of their code-switching has not been satisfactorily answered. This article presents the study on teachers’ understandings and beliefs about their code-switching practices in EFL classrooms as well as effective language teaching and learning. The participants of this study came from four junior high schools in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia: five teachers with their respective classes. This research used the conversation analysis and stimulated recall interviews to analyze the data which came from the video recording of classroom observations and the audio recording of stimulated recall interviews with teachers. The results revealed the pedagogical functions and affective functions of teacher’s code-switching. The data also showed that the use of stimulated recall interviews helped teachers to be consciously aware of their code-switching as well as of their other pedagogical practices in the language classroom. Therefore, stimulated recall interviews can be a useful tool for teacher self-reflection that they were not aware of their code switch. This awareness could be incorporated into language teacher professional development and in-service teacher professional learning.

Alliances and arguments: A case study of a child with persisting speech difficulties in peer play

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Tempest ◽  
Bill Wells
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Linguistic Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interactional Analysis ◽  
Communication Needs

The ability to argue and to create alliances with peers are important social competencies for all children, including those who have speech, language and communication needs. In this study, we investigated the management of arguments and alliances by a group of 5-year-old male friends, one of whom has a persisting speech difficulty (PSD). Twelve argument episodes that arose naturally during video-recorded free play at school were analysed, using Conversation Analysis. Overall the data show that the child with PSD was just as likely as one of his friends to be included in, or excluded from, play alliances. Detailed analysis of two episodes reveals that the child with PSD competently used a range of linguistic devices in and around arguments and that his speech difficulties apparently did not impact on his ability to form alliances. This study highlights the need for those of us who work with children to take account of peer interactions and to consider the linguistic strategies that children employ when participating in peer talk and play: the social world in which inclusion and exclusion are accomplished. The study also illustrates the value of qualitative micro-interactional analysis as a research tool for investigating social inclusion and exclusion.

L1-L2 speaker interaction in a study abroad setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail McMeekin
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Host Family ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sequential Organization ◽  
Construct Meaning

Abstract Analyzing approximately nine hours of video-recorded naturally-occurring conversations over eight weeks of study abroad between three L2 speakers of Japanese and their L1 speaker host family members, the present study uses conversation analysis to explore how the participants manage intersubjectivity using communication strategies in word searches. Specifically the study explores the following: (a) how participants deploy, manipulate, and respond to communication strategies as interactional resources used to co-construct meaning and progressively disambiguate the referent sought; (b) how strategies are used within the sequential organization of word searches to guide the trajectory of the search on a turn-by-turn basis; (c) how linguistic and non-linguistic resources such as intonation and eye gaze are used in conjunction with strategies to organize participant structure and relevant action in the unfolding talk; and (d) how a microanalytic, interactional approach can redefine our understanding of how strategic mechanisms are used and labeled in interaction.

VIWA: COMPUTER INTERFACE DEVICE FOR PARALYZED PEOPLE USING BREATH PRESSURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650004
Author(s):  
Taher Bodaghi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Karami ◽  
Hamid Jazayeriy
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Access ◽  
Text Entry ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Mouse Cursor ◽  
Client Side ◽  
Interface Device

The VIWA system has been developed to provide computer access for paralyzed people. The system detects the users’ breath pressure with an electrical board and translates it to the location coordinates in computer display screen. The user navigates mouse cursor by specifying the coordination of x and y. A graphical keyboard has been designed to provide text-entry ability with text-to-speech embedded feature. The system is platform-independent and can be run in every client side devices. A group of 10 people without disabilities tested the VIWA and quickly learned how to use it to spell out messages or interact with computer. Ten people with disabilities also tried the system. The measured mistakes and time are showing that the user is capable to control the mouse cursor with the accuracy of 99.8%. The average time of experiment shows that users can reach their speed of writing to 7.9 words/min after two attempts.

Brain Computer Interfaces for Silent Speech

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Rezaei Tabar ◽  
Ugur Halici
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Signal Processing Methods ◽  
Silent Speech ◽  
Bci System ◽  
Different Parts

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems provide control of external devices by using only brain activity. In recent years, there has been a great interest in developing BCI systems for different applications. These systems are capable of solving daily life problems for both healthy and disabled people. One of the most important applications of BCI is to provide communication for disabled people that are totally paralysed. In this paper, different parts of a BCI system and different methods used in each part are reviewed. Neuroimaging devices, with an emphasis on EEG (electroencephalography), are presented and brain activities as well as signal processing methods used in EEG-based BCIs are explained in detail. Current methods and paradigms in BCI based speech communication are considered.

scholarly journals Entry and Exit Strategies in English and Arabic

لارك ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abed Saleh Albadri ◽  
Salah Hadi Shuker
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Erving Goffman ◽  
Institutional Talk ◽  
Ordinary Type ◽  
Harvey Sacks ◽  
Exit Strategies

From a sociolinguistic perspective, greetings and farewells are part of what Goffman (1963) calls the ethnography of encounter. These encounters are not randomly made. They are governed by a set of strategies which enable participants to enter and exit conversations in a socially accepted manner. Such strategies are tackled within the scope of conversation analysis, henceforth CA, which is an approach that studies talk in interaction. It grew out of the ethnomethodological tradition in sociology, embracing both verbal and non-verbal conduct. This approach is initiated during the late 1950s of the last century by the works of Harold Garfinkel and Erving Goffman, then, developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the sociologists Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson. Today CA is an established method used in sociology, anthropology, linguistics, speech-communication and psychology. This study is going to detect entry and exit strategies in English and Arabic by analyzing two episodes of ‘The Doctors’ show in its American and Arabic versions. The study conveys this topic on two interrelated scales as it employs sociolinguistic and discourse perspectives altogether, discussing how the two approaches cooperate to give a comprehensible view of the nature of entering and exiting conversation. Meanwhile, the data to be analyzed does not convey an ordinary type of conversation but a special kind of conversation, that is called institutional talk. This involves some specialization and re-specification of the interactional relevance. It refers to conversations that take place under focused and specialized conditions like media, courts, educational institutions and health establishments (Gumperz, 2001: 218). For the most of our knowledge, such type of conversation is not expected to show everything about talk in interaction, yet, it shows a big deal of conformity to the premises of conversation analysis, and it appears to have a good amount of flexibility.

scholarly journals Using Common Spatial Patterns to Select Relevant Pixels for Video Activity Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8075
Author(s):  
Itsaso Rodríguez-Moreno ◽  
José María Martínez-Otzeta ◽  
Basilio Sierra ◽  
Itziar Irigoien ◽  
Igor Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Important Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Camera Surveillance

Video activity recognition, despite being an emerging task, has been the subject of important research due to the importance of its everyday applications. Video camera surveillance could benefit greatly from advances in this field. In the area of robotics, the tasks of autonomous navigation or social interaction could also take advantage of the knowledge extracted from live video recording. In this paper, a new approach for video action recognition is presented. The new technique consists of introducing a method, which is usually used in Brain Computer Interface (BCI) for electroencephalography (EEG) systems, and adapting it to this problem. After describing the technique, achieved results are shown and a comparison with another method is carried out to analyze the performance of our new approach.

scholarly journals Communication Services and Supports for Individuals With Severe Disabilities: Guidance for Assessment and Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Brady ◽  
Susan Bruce ◽  
Amy Goldman ◽  
Karen Erickson ◽  
Beth Mineo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
National Joint Committee

Abstract The National Joint Committee for the Communication Needs of People With Severe Disabilities (NJC) reviewed literature regarding practices for people with severe disabilities in order to update guidance provided in documents originally published in 1992. Changes in laws, definitions, and policies that affect communication attainments by persons with severe disabilities are presented, along with guidance regarding assessment and intervention practices. A revised version of the Communication Bill of Rights, a powerful document that describes the communication rights of all individuals, including those with severe disabilities is included in this article. The information contained within this article is intended to be used by professionals, family members, and individuals with severe disabilities to inform and advocate for effective communication services and opportunities.

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