Construction Wood Selection of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers/Incipient Agriculturalists: An Examination of Carbonised Wood from Chulmun-Period Sites in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-165
Author(s):  
LI BRIAN ◽  
김민구
Keyword(s):  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Construction Wood

Sex differences may indeed exist for 3-D navigational abilities: But was sexual selection responsible?

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Frost
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Selection Of

Polygyny does not necessarily entail sexual selection of men. All factors that affect the operational sex ratio must be considered. Data from contemporary hunter-gatherers indicate higher mortality rates in men than in women, and lost female reproductive time. If sexual selection did occur in ancestral hunter-gatherers, it was probably men selecting women and not women selecting men.

scholarly journals Trivial pursuit? Interpreting San rock art in terms of the mystical bond between hunter and prey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Dederen ◽  
Jennifer Munyai
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Art Works ◽  
Trivial Pursuit ◽  
Selection Of

For more than three decades now, researchers supporting the mainstream theoretical orientation in the field of rock art studies, the shamanistic model, have largely ignored the possibility that the idiom of the hunt could contribute meaningfully to the task of deciphering the often complex and enigmatic masterpieces of the San hunter-gatherers. They may have been mistaken all along. This paper argues that a good deal of the art produced by the hunters related intimately to the hunt, even though this may seem, to some, too obvious or inconsequential an objective to pursue. Importantly, the alternative vantage point on the paintings of the San which is introduced here aligns itself with the spiritual thinking of the creators of the art. While it is not the intention of the authors of this paper to present a systematic critique of the leading paradigm, they feel strongly that the discussion will benefit from a dialectical engagement with the latter. A selection of five rock art panels is first examined conventionally, i.e. in terms of the shamanistic model. The very same art works are revisited subsequently in order to explore them from an alternative, animistic perspective. It is concluded, tentatively, that the artists’ visual language emphasized the significance of the narrative focus of their work, namely the various manifestations of hunter-prey sociability, the spiritual grounding of which characterized, if not defined life in traditional hunting communities across the globe.

scholarly journals El sitio de modo técnico 3 de la antigua fábrica de conservas Garavilla (Algeciras, Cádiz). Análisis tecnológico de los soportes líticos = Technical Mode 3 site of the Ancient Fábrica de Conservas Garavilla. Technological Analysis of Lithic Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Luis Pérez Ramos ◽  
Francisco Luis Torres Abril ◽  
José María Tomassetti Guerra ◽  
Vicente Castañeda Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Final Configuration ◽  
Mode 3 ◽  
Technological Analysis ◽  
Technological Mode ◽  
Selection Of

Presentamos un conjunto lítico recuperado con ocasión de la actividad arqueológica preventiva llevada a cabo en el solar donde se ubicó la fábrica de Conservas Garavilla. Nuestro análisis de las distintas estrategias y métodos de talla de los soportes líticos, sin olvidar la importancia de la secuencia operativa completa, desde la adquisición o selección de las materias primas, con estudio litológico, primeros gestos técnicos, reducción de volúmenes y configuración final de los productos arqueológicos, nos permite adscribir el conjunto al modo técnico 3. Todo ello será valorado en su contexto geológico y geomorfológico, lo que nos ayudará a situar al grupo de cazadores-recolectores protagonista en su medio natural, como integrantes de un proceso histórico vinculado al modo técnico 3.AbstractWe present a lithic ensemble recovered on the occasion of the preventive archaeological activity carried out at the site where the factory of Conservas Garavilla stood. Our research into the different strategies and methods to produce lithic stone tools, without forgetting the importance of the entire operational sequence, from the acquisition or selection of raw materials, with lithologic study, first technical gestures and reduction of volume, to the final configuration of archaeological products, enables us to assign the ensemble to technological mode 3. All this will be considered in its geological and geomorphological context, which will help us to locate the hunter-gatherers protagonist group in its natural environment as part of a historical process connected to what we know as technological mode 3.

scholarly journals Different Paths of Neolithisation of the North-Eastern Part of Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1582-1601
Author(s):  
Marek Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Funnel Beaker Culture ◽  
First Time ◽  
Late Mesolithic ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Origins of the Neolithic in the north-eastern part of Central Europe were associated with migrations of groups of the Linear Pottery culture after the mid-sixth millennium BC, as in other parts of Central Europe. During these migrations, a careful selection of settlement regions took place, in terms of the ecological conditions most favourable for agriculture. The enclave-like pattern of the Neolithic settlement persisted into the fifth millennium BC when these enclaves were inhabited by post-Linear groups. The remaining areas, inhabited by hunter-gatherers, were not subject to direct Neolithisation. However, there are some indications of contact between farmers and hunter-gatherers. This situation changed from c. 4000 BC onwards because of the formation and spectacular territorial expansion of the Funnel Beaker culture (TRB). This archaeological unit for the first time covered in a relatively compact way the territory under consideration. The human substratum of this process consisted of both hunter-gatherers and farmers. Consequently, one can discourse about Neolithisation as such only in the former case. Not all Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers accepted TRB patterns. Those communities still successfully carried on traditional lifestyle, gradually supplementing it with pottery (para-Neolithic). Their Neolithisation ended perhaps only in the first half of the second millennium BC.

scholarly journals Beyond Tools and Function: The Selection of Materials and the Ontology of Hunter-Gatherers. Ethnographic Evidences and Implications for Palaeolithic Archaeology

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Ella Assaf ◽  
Francesca Romagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Humans ◽  
And Function ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Palaeolithic Archaeology

In this paper we discuss the universal selection of exceptional materials for tool making in prehistory. The interpretation suggested in the literature for these non-standard materials is usually limited to a general statement, considering possible aesthetic values or a general, mostly unexplained, symbolic meaning. We discuss the implications of viewing these materials as active agents and living vital beings in Palaeolithic archaeology as attested in indigenous hunter-gatherer communities all around the world. We suggest that the use of specific materials in the Palaeolithic was meaningful, and beyond its possible ‘symbolic’ meaning, it reflects deep familiarity and complex relations of early humans with the world surrounding them—humans and other-than-human persons (animals, plants, water and stones)—on which they were dependent. We discuss the perception of tools and the materials from which they are made as reflecting relationships, respectful behaviour and functionality from an ontological point of view. In this spirit, we suggest re-viewing materials as reflecting social, cosmological and ontological world-views of Palaeolithic humans, and looking beyond their economic, functional aspects, as did, perhaps, our ancestors themselves.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Measurements of the Cape Astrometric Survey of the Southern Hemisphere

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
W. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Automatic Measuring ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Final Selection ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryA routine has been developed for the processing of the 5820 plates of the survey. The plates are measured on the automatic measuring machine, GALAXY, and the measures are subsequently processed by computer, to edit and then refer them to the SAO catalogue. A start has been made on measuring the plates, but the final selection of stars to be made is still a matter for discussion.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

Selection and Preparation of Specific Tissue Regions For Tem Using Large Epoxy-Embedded Blocks

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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