scholarly journals Restoring historical fenestration to normalize physical parameters of the microclimate of premises in historical buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1/2021) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Alexander Spiridonov ◽  
◽  
Nina Umnyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Historical Buildings

The relationship between the bulk density, the apparent porosity and ultrasonic pulse velocity of highly porous limestone, examples from Hungary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zita Papay ◽  
Nikoletta Rozgonyi-Boissinot ◽  
Ákos Török
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Water Saturated

<p>Different stone qualities in masonry walls cause considerable problems on masonry walls during restoration works. The properties of limestone show significant variations due to differences in sedimentary structures which are might not be visible at the scale of laboratory test specimens. Even at one quarry level, there could be major differences in properties due to the cross-bedding or tilted rock beds. Physical parameters of 3 typical types of porous limestone (fine-, medium-, coarse-grained) were studied under laboratory conditions in order to assess an explanation for variations in weathering forms on masonries of historical buildings. Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity, ultrasonic pulse velocity under dry and water-saturated conditions. Aim of this research is to find correlations between physical parameters of limestones and show considerable diversity in properties. Our results indicate that there is a relationship between dry and water-saturated bulk density vs. ultrasonic pulse velocity and dry and water-saturated bulk density vs. apparent porosity, respectively. It is well known that microstructure influences the damage mechanism of stones. Our research demonstrates that variations exist in the stone fabric even at quarry level, based on the samples of Sóskút quarry. The different limestone lithologies were used side by side in historical buildings; therefore our results help experts during restoration works in decay mapping of monuments.</p>

Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Physical Properties of Selected Building Stones

2014 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Zbyšek Pavlík ◽  
Jan Fořt ◽  
Milena Pavlíková ◽  
Jaromír Žumár ◽  
Robert Černý
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Central European Region ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Materials Behavior

Effect of climatic loading on the physical properties of three different kinds of sandstone is investigated. The studied materials were used for masonry and ornamental parts of historical buildings over a long time period.The application of sandstone for building construction in the Central European region can be traced to the 14th century and ends in the 19th century, where the static function took over reinforced concrete. The samples of researched sandstones are exposed to the freeze/thaw cycles and the effect on materials performance is evaluated using measurement of several physical parameters. On the basis of obtained results, the materials behavior at real service conditions can be assessed, which is a necessary information for their practical usage in the reconstruction works on the historical monuments.

Some Results of the Spectroscopic Study of Four Close Binary Systems of Early Spectral Types

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
T. S. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Spectral Type ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigation ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Absorption And Emission ◽  
Close Binary Systems ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

It is necessary to have quantitative estimates of the intensity of lines (both absorption and emission) to obtain the physical parameters of the atmosphere of components.Some years ago at the Crimean observatory we began the spectroscopic investigation of close binary systems of the early spectral type with components WR, Of, O, B to try and obtain more quantitative information from the study of the spectra of the components.

A theory of contamination in electron microscopes by surface diffusion

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
J.T. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Hydrocarbon Molecules ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
Long Chain

Contamination in electron microscopes can be a serious problem in STEM or in situations where a number of high resolution micrographs are required of the same area in TEM. In modern instruments the environment around the specimen can be made free of the hydrocarbon molecules, which are responsible for contamination, by means of either ultra-high vacuum or cryo-pumping techniques. However, these techniques are not effective against hydrocarbon molecules adsorbed on the specimen surface before or during its introduction into the microscope. The present paper is concerned with a theory of how certain physical parameters can influence the surface diffusion of these adsorbed molecules into the electron beam where they are deposited in the form of long chain carbon compounds by interaction with the primary electrons.

Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Linda Sicko-Goad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

A New Numerical Model for Electron-Probe Analysis at High Depth Resolution

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
P.-F. Staub ◽  
C. Bonnelle ◽  
F. Vergand ◽  
P. Jonnard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Interface Phases ◽  
Excitation Conditions ◽  
High Depth

Characterizing dimensionally and chemically nanometric structures such as surface segregation or interface phases can be performed efficiently using electron probe (EP) techniques at very low excitation conditions, i.e. using small incident energies (0.5<E0<5 keV) and low incident overvoltages (1<U0<1.7). In such extreme conditions, classical analytical EP models are generally pushed to their validity limits in terms of accuracy and physical consistency, and Monte-Carlo simulations are not convenient solutions as routine tools, because of their cost in computing time. In this context, we have developed an intermediate procedure, called IntriX, in which the ionization depth distributions Φ(ρz) are numerically reconstructed by integration of basic macroscopic physical parameters describing the electron beam/matter interaction, all of them being available under pre-established analytical forms. IntriX’s procedure consists in dividing the ionization depth distribution into three separate contributions:

Unifying Calibration Parameters for Dielectric Moisture Meter

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Mészáros ◽  
David B. Funk
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Correction ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
University Of Budapest ◽  
Improved Accuracy

The Unified Grain Moisture Algorithm is capable of improved accuracy and allows the combination of many grain types into a single “unified calibration”. The purposes of this research were to establish processes for determining unifying parameters from the chemical and physical properties of grains. The data used in this research were obtained as part of the United States Department of Agriculture-Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration's Annual Moisture Calibration Study. More than 5,000 grain samples were tested with a Hewlett-Packard 4291A Material/Impedance Analyzer. Temperature tests were done with a Very High Frequency prototype system at Corvinus University of Budapest. Typical chemical and physical parameters for each of the major grain types were obtained from the literature. Data were analyzed by multivariate chemometric methods. One of the most important unifying parameters (Slope) and the temperature correction coefficient were successfully modeled. The Offset and Translation unifying parameters were not modeled successfully, but these parameters can be estimated relatively easily through limited grain tests.

Unsteady MHD Free Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate in the Presence of Radiation and Chemical Reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
J. Buggaramulu ◽  
M. Venkatakrishna ◽  
Y. Harikrishna
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Porous Plate ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Vertical Porous Plate ◽  
Flow Past ◽  
Transfer Flow

The objective of this paper is to analyze an unsteady MHD free convective heat and mass transfer boundary flow past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate immersed in a porous medium with radiation and chemical reaction. The governing equations of the flow field are solved numerical a two term perturbation method. The effects of the various parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented graphically and values of skin-frication coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number for various values of physical parameters are presented through tables.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

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