scholarly journals Prospects and Development of Research of Composite Elastomer Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-476
Author(s):  
Bekhzod B. Yoqubov ◽  
◽  
Akhmadjon Ibadullaev ◽  
Dilnora Q. Yoqubova ◽  
Elmira U. Teshabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Paramagnetic State ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Purification ◽  
Rubber Filler

The aim of this work is to study the effect of new modified ingredients on the complex of properties of composite elastomeric materials. It was found that the introduction of modified ingredients into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances interfacial interaction at the «rubber-filler» interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups, as a result of which an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions is observed. The introduction of modified carbon into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances interfacial interaction at the «rubber-filler» interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups of the oligomer, as a result of which an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions is observed. The technology of purification of mineral fillers from metal oxides has been developed. A sufficiently high degree of purification by this method is due to the fact that in the process of temperature exposure at 950 K, iron ions from the paramagnetic state (d-form Fe2O3) pass into ferromagnetic (r-form Fe3O4). Feasibility and prospects of using modified fillers, both mineral and organic, in the formulations of rubber compounds for the production of various types of rubber products

scholarly journals COMPOSITE ELASTOMER MATERIALS BASED ON NEW INGREDIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
Rubber Filler

The results of a study present the effect of new modified ingredients on the complex of properties of composite elastomeric materials. Methods for modifying mineral fillers have developed. It found that the introduction of modified ingredients into the composition of elastomeric compositions enhances the interfacial interaction at the “rubber-filler” interface and the formation of additional bonds between rubber macromolecules and functional groups, resulting in an improvement in the complex of properties of the compositions. New accelerators, activators for vulcanization of rubbers and plasticizers with stabilizing properties have proposed, and their optimal contents in the composition have determined.

Molecular Structure and Macroscopic Properties of Synthetic Cis-Poly(Isoprene)

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Grechanovskii ◽  
I. Ya Poddubnyi ◽  
L. S. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Gel Fraction ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Processing Properties

Abstract By changing the sol-gel ratio and the structure of the gel fraction it is possible to obtain various grades of synthetic cis-poly(isoprene) which show promise for different applications in the tire and mechanical rubber goods industries. The processability of commercial SKI-3 rubber (at a given average molecular weight of sol) depends mainly on the structure of the gel fraction. Thus, for example, inferior processing properties of rubber compounds is associated primarily with the presence of tight gel. The content and structure of the gel fraction also significantly affect plasto-elastic properties of raw rubbers, e.g. a low plasticity of raw rubbers owes to the increased content of gel fraction. The reduced green strength of compounds based on SKI—3 rubber is accounted for by its chemical structure. Conventional methods used to change the properties of rubbers (including the variation in molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, branching degree, and variation in the content and structure of gel fraction) cannot be considered to be adequate to tackle the problem of the green strength of SKI—3 black stocks. The way to solve the problem appears to be the introduction of functional groups into the polymer chain at the stage of synthesis or processing. These functional groups should be active as to the formation of labile rubber—carbon black—rubber and/or rubber—rubber bonds. High purity of microstructure is necessary but not sufficient for obtaining the required level of green strength of compounded SKI—3. The gel fractions of SKI—3 rubber yield vulcanizates with a more dense network than the corresponding sol vulcanizates. The temperature dependence of the tensile strength is controlled by the network density of vulcanizates from high cis-1,4 poly(isoprene).

NATURAL RUBBER/MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE COMPOSITES WITH EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER AS COMPATIBILIZER

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumarjyoti Roy ◽  
Subhas Chandra Debnath ◽  
Aphiwat Pongwisuthiruchte ◽  
Pranut Potiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Solvent Uptake ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Mechanism Of Interaction ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Rubber Filler

ABSTRACT An exploration of the effect of epoxidized NR with 50 mole% epoxide groups (ENR-50) as compatibilizer on the rubber–filler interaction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)-filled NR composites was conducted. The compatibilizing efficiency of ENR-50 was systematically examined in terms of cure and mechanical and thermal properties of NR/MCC composites. ENR-50 compatibilized NR/MCC composites showed moderate enhancement in the maximum rheometric torque and tensile properties compared to either uncompatibilized NR/MCC composite or unfilled NR system. The solvent uptake measurements indicated improved interfacial interaction between NR matrix and MCC in presence of ENR-50 as compatibilizer. A thermogravimetric analysis confirmed excellent improvement in the thermal stability of NR/MCC composite in the presence of ENR-50 as compatibilizer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to explain the probable mechanism of interaction between NR matrix and MCC in the presence of ENR-50.

High-Temperature Oven Aging of Oil-Resisting Synthetic Rubber Compounds

1945 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
G. D. McCarthy ◽  
A. E. Juve ◽  
H. Boxser ◽  
M. Sanger ◽  
S. R. Doner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Hardness Change ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Good Heat

Abstract An investigation of the effect of varying conditions of high-temperature exposure has shown that, at a constant temperature, the supply of oxygen is the principal factor which causes stiffening of the vulcanizates. The loss of volatile plasticizers, when present, also contributes to the stiffening. The test-tube technique, developed in the course of this investigation, in which dumbbell samples are suspended in stoppered test-tubes (38 by 300-mm.) heated by immersion in an oil bath, appears to give results which are considerably more duplicable than those obtained by the usual aging in circulating air ovens. The test-tube technique also gives somewhat better differentiation between good-heat aging and poor-heat aging compounds. The rate of deterioration as measured by elongation change is doubled for an 18° F increase in the exposure temperature. As measured by hardness change the rate is doubled by an increase of 42° F. Tests run at 250° F by this method are no more reproducible than those run at 300° F.

Flocculation in Silica Reinforced Rubber Compounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mihara ◽  
R. N. Datta ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Interaction Layer ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Flocculation Rate

Abstract Flocculation plays an important role in reinforcement of silica filled rubber compounds, even if coupling agents are applied. It is well known that silica tends to flocculate during the early stages of vulcanization, when no dense rubber network has been formed yet. In the present study, flocculation was monitored by following the change in storage modulus at low strain, the so-called Payne effect, using a RPA2000 dynamic mechanical tester. The kinetic parameters: the rate constant and the activation energy of the silica flocculation were calculated according to the well-known Arrhenius equation. On basis of the value of the activation energy obtained for flocculation, it can be concluded that the silica flocculation is a purely physical phenomenon. Bound rubber measurements were also done in order to estimate the interfacial interaction layer between silica and polymer resulting from the coupling agent. The silica flocculation rate decreases with increasing interfacial interaction layer on the silica surface. This indicates that the decrease of the flocculation rate is due to the shielding effect of the coupling agent. It is argued that the attractive flux from forces related to polarity differences between the silica and the rubber is the determining factor for silica flocculation.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER MIXTURES BASED ON SYNTHETIC RUBBERS FILLED WITH CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3(72)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh.T. Dzhuraev ◽  
B.F. Muhiddinov ◽  
A.S. Ibodullaev
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Natural Surface ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Automobile Tires

The paper presents the results of studies of the physicochemical characteristics of the carbon-containing material obtained as a result of the pyrolysis of worn automobile tires. Ankerite (1.21%), zinc oxide (1.14%) and other components. Composite elastomeric materials based on rubbers SKI-3 and Nairit KR-50, filled with carboncontaining material, have been developed. Interconnections between structural radiations and the natural surface of a carbon-containing material and rubber macromolecules were found. The technological and rheological properties of the floor-elastomeric compositions with a carbon-containing effect were studied, and their optimal content in rubber compounds was shown.

scholarly journals Composite elastomeric materials filled with modified mineral fillers

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Ahmadjon Ibadullayev ◽  
Elmira Teshabayeva ◽  
Bakhadir Kakharov ◽  
Dilnoza Nigmatova
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Equal Strength ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Adsorbed Sulfur ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In the paper, the influence of modified Angren kaolin on the properties of composite elastomeric materials based on butadiene-styrene rubber has been established that the addition of modified Angren kaolin into rubber mixtures instead of gas pedals, activators and mineral fillers causes intensive connection of sulfur with macromolecules. Adsorbed sulfur on the surface of particles of modified Angren kaolin and its uniform distribution in the composition and formation of the structure with equal force were determined. This effect shows that the modified Angren kaolin in the curing processes accelerates and activates and affects the formation of the curing grid with equal strength and helps distribution throughout the composite. It has been established that introduction of MAK into the composition of elastomers more than 50 wt. % per 100 wt. % of rubber changes technological and technical properties of composite elastomeric materials. The application of modified Angren kaolin instead of the gas pedal, activator of vulcanization and mineral filler in composite elastomeric materials allows making rubber goods of various purposes.

Reduction o Air Pollution from Fine Dust by Increasing Efficiency of Gas Emission Purification Sintering Furnaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
E.V. Kiryushin ◽  
O.V. Pilyaeva ◽  
I.I. Shepelev ◽  
E.N. Eskova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Purification Unit ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Purification

The installation of an additional stage of the "wet" waste gas purification unit at the alumina sintering furnaces ensured the achievement of a high degree of purification of gas emissions from fine impurities up to 96 % and the standards of maximum permissible emissions of solid pollutants into the atmosphere established for an industrial enterprise. The formed slude after gas cleaning is proposed to be sent for further processing to the hydrochemistry workshop, thereby ensuring its disposal without contamination of the natural environment. The analysis of air pollution indicators confirmed a decrease in emissions of solid pollutants in the atmospheric air of Achinsk.

A Rheometric Study of the Processes of Vulcanisation and Pore Formation of Elastomer foam Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
A.V. Shuvaeva ◽  
D.R. Gordenko ◽  
L.R. Lyusova ◽  
Yu.A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
Quantitative Interpretation ◽  
Kinetic Curves ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Acid Nitrile ◽  
The Relationship

Kinetic curves describing the processes of vulcanisation and pore formation of foam rubbers based on nitrile butadiene rubbers were studied. The curves were obtained using a D-MDR 3000 rheometer (MonTech) equipped with MonControl analytical software, which makes it possible, simultaneously with the measurement of the torque and tg δ, to determine the pressure in the chamber. The rubber compounds were noted for different stearic acid contents. The results of quantitative interpretation of the kinetic curves of processes of vulcanisation and pore formation in elastomeric materials are presented. Mathematical models for approximation of the curves of vulcanisation and pore formation, distinguished by high goodness of ft, are proposed. The relationship between the parameters of the models and the vulcanisation characteristics and the parameters of pore formation is established. The influence of the stearic acid content on processes of formation of the porous structure of foam rubbers based on blends of nitrile butadiene rubbers containing 27–30 wt% acrylic acid nitrile and polyvinyl chloride is shown.

Pyrogenic Silica as a Filler for Elastomeric Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
W. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Active Filler ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Pyrogenic Silica ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Carbon black has been the most important active filler in rubber technology for decades. In recent years, however, the use of silica to produce rubber compounds has been on the increase. In combination with sulfur-containing silanes (e.g. TESP, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane, trade name SI69), precipitated silicas now have an established place among the raw materials for the production of abrasion-resistant, elastic and fatigue-resistant elastomeric materials. Less well known, however, is the use of silica products produced by flame hydrolysis, such as Aerosil, which can significantly improve the mechanical properties of many elastomer formulations.

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