scholarly journals Can there be an input from philosophical debates on a better use of nature? Towards an improvement of nature rights in environmental economics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst-August Nuppenau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Black Tern ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
Practical Nature

This contribution will deal with granting rights to nature. We will define nature rights as a social process of creating institutions which are linked to philosophical discourses on nature perceptions. The idea is to use different narratives in order to understand how nature rights have and can be accomplished/derived by humans. Then we will give hints for future directions of right detection embedded in eco-systems. We will specifically focus on right derivation needed for contracting with nature. We take beaver, wolf and black tern as examples and generalize on case specific findings. All of them need habitats and landscapes in which they can live. The mes­sage is that landscapes and habitats are part of nature rights and that they must be also addressed, not only nature rights for individual species. Additionally, we will use different strains of thought to get hints on practical nature rights establishment.  

Inhibition of Mold Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Lactobacillus spp1

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANJANI KARUNARATNE ◽  
ELENORA WEZENBERG ◽  
LLOYD B. BULLERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Microbial Competition ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Silage Inoculant

The effect of three individual species of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, and L. plantarum) and a commercial silage inoculant, containing three different strains of the same species, on growth and aflatoxin production of A. flavus subsp. parasiticus NRRL 2999 was determined. The study was done in three substrates; a liquid semi-synthetic broth, rice, and corn. The effect of the growing cell masses of the lactobacilli as well as the effect of metabolic products contained in cell free filtrates were determined in the liquid medium. The cells were effective in preventing growth of the mold, and bacterial metabolites were effective in reducing the amount of aflatoxin produced, although growth was not affected. The prevention of growth that was observed was determined to be relative to a pH effect and microbial competition; however, the lower levels of aflatoxin obtained in the presence of cell free supernatant culture fluids could not be explained on the basis of pH or competition. Mold growth was not affected by the presence of the silage inoculant on the rice and corn. However, increased levels of aflatoxin B1 were observed in the presence of the silage inoculant on rice, and decreased levels of aflatoxin G1 were observed on the presence of the silage inoculant on corn.

The Oxford Handbook of Language and Race

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Political Economic

This handbook is the first volume to offer a sustained theoretical exploration of all aspects of language and race from a linguistic anthropological perspective. A growing number of scholars hold that rather than fixed and pre-determined, race is created out of continuous and repeated discourses emerging from individuals and institutions within specific histories, political economic systems, and everyday interactions. This handbook demonstrates how linguistic analysis brings a crucial perspective to this project by revealing the ways in which language and race are mutually constituted as social realities. Not only do we position issues of race, racism, and racialization as central to language-based scholarship, but we also examine these processes from an explicitly critical and anti-racist perspective. The process of racialization—an enduring yet evolving social process steeped in centuries of colonialism and capitalism—is central to linguistic anthropological approaches. This volume captures state-of-the-art research in this important and necessary yet often overlooked area of inquiry and points the way forward in establishing future directions of research in this rapidly expanding field, including the need for more studies of language and race in non-U.S. contexts. Covering a range of sites from Angola, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Italy, Liberia, the Philippines, South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, and unceded Indigenous territories, the handbook offers theoretical, reflexive takes on the field of language and race, the larger histories and systems that influence these concepts, the bodies that enact and experience them, and finally, the expressions and outcomes that emerge as a result.

Pedal Powered Wireless Internet in the Laotion Jungle

2005 ◽  
pp. 544-549
Author(s):  
Neil Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Practical Nature

A chance meeting with Jhai foundation founder, Lee Thorn, over breakfast during the 2003 “UN World Summit on the Information Society” in Geneva has led to the author becoming very interested in an exciting, innovative project currently being trailed in Laos. This project aims to bring wireless Internet connectivity to remote villages that lack access to electricity and other services generally regarded as prerequisites for entering the digital age. The project is based on cooperative development with local people to produce and develop a system based on a rugged, long lasting, and weather-proof Linux-based computer connected to the Internet via antenna, a repeater station and a link through an ISP located in the nearest large centre. This article will outline the technical features of the project, the advantages currently arising from the project, and an overview of the personnel currently involved and their roles in the project. This will be followed by a discussion of broader and diverse issues associated with bringing new technologies to people living in isolated and poverty affected areas like Laos. These include ethical issues around perceived cultural imperialism, prioritised allocation of resources, unequal access and effects of globalisation. Issues of a more practical nature also arise with respect to sustainability, advantages and disadvantages, and future directions.

In Situ Assessment of Structural Timber: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Future Directions

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumil Kasal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Health Deterioration

Timber is one of the oldest structural materials and has been traditionally used in all parts of the world. Pressures on environmental sustainability lead to revitalization of timber as a modern, highly environmentally friendly and sustainable material. This new interest also sparks the attention of the research and engineering community in the structural applications involving timber. A number of techniques can be used to evaluate health, deterioration and extent of potential damage of historic structures and their components. Because timber is a natural, biodegradable, hygroscopic, and inhomogeneous material, its interaction with the environment presents challenges not normally encountered in materials typically studied by engineers. In addition, high variability of properties even within individual species makes it difficult to make inferences on properties of the investigated systems or even individual components. This requires a multidisciplinary approach and broad knowledge of disciplines spanning from biology and plant anatomy to mechanical properties and statistics. This paper will discuss some of the methods that can be deployed to evaluate historic timber and their drawbacks and limitations. Future directions and needs will be addressed in the last part of the presentation.

Pauline Ugliness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Jakob Løland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Alain Badiou ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Pauline Epistles ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Philosophical Debates

Paul has been rediscovered outside of the apostle’s traditional religious reading circles, particularly among radical leftist philosophers such as Giorgio Agamben, Alain Badiou, and Slavoj Žižek. This is the first book to historically and philosophically situate the forerunner of this recent philosophical turn to Paul, the Jewish rabbi and philosopher Jacob Taubes (1923–1987). Paul becomes an effective tool for Taubes to position himself within European philosophical debates of the twentieth century, a position he gains through Nietzsche’s polemical readings of the ancient apostle as well as through Freud’s psychoanalysis. Taubes performs a powerful deconstruction of dominant conceptions of the apostle, such as the view that Paul is the first Christian who broke definitively with Judaism and drained Christianity of its political potential. As a Jewish rabbi steeped in a philosophical tradition marked by European Christianity, Taubes is able to emphasize Paul’s Jewishness as well as the political explosiveness of the apostle’s revolutionary doctrine of the cross. For Taubes, the Pauline movement was the birth of a politics of ugliness, the invention of a revolutionary notion trenchantly critical of the “beautiful” culture of the powerful, a movement which sides definitively with the oppressed—the “crucified”—against the strong. Building on Nietzsche’s and Taubes’s insights, Løland suggests future directions that readings of Paul the apostle might lead in light of recent biblical scholarship on Paul and current discussions of the Pauline epistles within reading circles of the continental philosophers.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of the microbiota member Bifidobacterium in modulating immune-linked diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian O'Neill ◽  
Zoe Schofield ◽  
Lindsay J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Immune Maturation

The gut-associated microbiota is essential for multiple physiological processes, including immune development. Acquisition of our initial pioneer microbial communities, including the dominant early life genus Bifidobacterium, occurs at a critical period of immune maturation and programming. Bifidobacteria are resident microbiota members throughout our lifetime and have been shown to modulate specific immune cells and pathways. Notably, reductions in this genus have been associated with several diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we provide an overview of bifidobacteria profiles throughout life and how different strains of bifidobacteria have been implicated in immune modulation in disease states. The focus will be examining preclinical models and outcomes from clinical trials on immune-linked chronic conditions. Finally, we highlight some of the important unresolved questions in relation to Bifidobacterium-mediated immune modulation and implications for future directions, trials, and development of new therapies.

scholarly journals Similarity and automatic imitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Genschow ◽  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Pieter Verbeke ◽  
Mareike Westfal ◽  
Jan Crusius
Keyword(s):  
Social Process ◽  
Material Constant ◽  
Stimulus Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Automatic Imitation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interaction Partners

Individuals automatically imitate a wide range of different behaviors. Previous research suggests that imitation as a social process depends on the similarity between interaction partners. However, some of the experiments supporting this notion could not be replicated and all of the supporting experiments manipulated not only similarity between actor and observer, but also other features. Thus, the existing evidence leaves open whether similarity as such moderates automatic imitation. To directly test the similarity account, in four experiments, we manipulated participants’ focus on similarities or differences while holding the stimulus material constant. In Experiment 1, we presented participants with a hand and let them either focus on similarities, differences, or neutral aspects between their own hand and the other person’s hand. The results indicate that focusing on similarities increased perceived similarity between the own and the other person’s hand. In Experiments 2 to 4, we tested the hypothesis that focusing on similarities, as compared with differences, increases automatic imitation. Experiment 2 tested the basic effect and found support for our prediction. Experiment 3 and 4 replicated this finding with higher-powered samples. Exploratory investigations further suggest that it is a focus on differences that decreases automatic imitation, and not a focus on similarities that increases automatic imitation. Theoretical implications and future directions are discussed.

Pedal Powered Wireless Internet in the Laotion Jungle

2008 ◽  
pp. 3678-3684
Author(s):  
Neil Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Practical Nature

A chance meeting with Jhai foundation founder, Lee Thorn, over breakfast during the 2003 “UN World Summit on the Information Society” in Geneva has led to the author becoming very interested in an exciting, innovative project currently being trailed in Laos. This project aims to bring wireless Internet connectivity to remote villages that lack access to electricity and other services generally regarded as prerequisites for entering the digital age. The project is based on cooperative development with local people to produce and develop a system based on a rugged, long lasting, and weather-proof Linux-based computer connected to the Internet via antenna, a repeater station and a link through an ISP located in the nearest large centre. This article will outline the technical features of the project, the advantages currently arising from the project, and an overview of the personnel currently involved and their roles in the project. This will be followed by a discussion of broader and diverse issues associated with bringing new technologies to people living in isolated and poverty affected areas like Laos. These include ethical issues around perceived cultural imperialism, prioritised allocation of resources, unequal access and effects of globalisation. Issues of a more practical nature also arise with respect to sustainability, advantages and disadvantages, and future directions.

The Field of Language and Race

2020 ◽  
pp. xii-21
Author(s):  
H. Samy Alim ◽  
Angela Reyes ◽  
Paul V. Kroskrity
Keyword(s):  
Social Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Political Economic

This handbook is the first volume to offer a sustained theoretical exploration of all aspects of language and race from a linguistic anthropological perspective. A growing number of scholars hold that rather than fixed and predetermined, race is created out of continuous and repeated discourses emerging from individuals and institutions within specific histories, political economic systems, and everyday interactions. This handbook demonstrates how linguistic analysis brings a crucial perspective to this project by revealing the ways in which language and race are mutually constituted as social realities. Not only does the volume position issues of race, racism, and racialization as central to language-based scholarship, but it also examines these processes from an explicitly critical and anti-racist perspective. The process of racialization—an enduring yet evolving social process steeped in centuries of colonialism and capitalism—is central to linguistic anthropological approaches. This volume captures state-of-the-art research in this important and necessary yet often overlooked area of inquiry and points the way forward in establishing future directions of research in this rapidly expanding field, including the need for more studies of language and race in non-US contexts. Covering a range of sites from Angola, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Italy, Liberia, the Philippines, South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States, and unceded Indigenous territories, the handbook offers theoretical, reflexive takes on the field of language and race, the larger histories and systems that influence these concepts, the bodies that enact and experience them, and finally, the expressions and outcomes that emerge as a result.

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