Pedal Powered Wireless Internet in the Laotion Jungle

2008 ◽  
pp. 3678-3684
Author(s):  
Neil Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Practical Nature

A chance meeting with Jhai foundation founder, Lee Thorn, over breakfast during the 2003 “UN World Summit on the Information Society” in Geneva has led to the author becoming very interested in an exciting, innovative project currently being trailed in Laos. This project aims to bring wireless Internet connectivity to remote villages that lack access to electricity and other services generally regarded as prerequisites for entering the digital age. The project is based on cooperative development with local people to produce and develop a system based on a rugged, long lasting, and weather-proof Linux-based computer connected to the Internet via antenna, a repeater station and a link through an ISP located in the nearest large centre. This article will outline the technical features of the project, the advantages currently arising from the project, and an overview of the personnel currently involved and their roles in the project. This will be followed by a discussion of broader and diverse issues associated with bringing new technologies to people living in isolated and poverty affected areas like Laos. These include ethical issues around perceived cultural imperialism, prioritised allocation of resources, unequal access and effects of globalisation. Issues of a more practical nature also arise with respect to sustainability, advantages and disadvantages, and future directions.

Pedal Powered Wireless Internet in the Laotion Jungle

2005 ◽  
pp. 544-549
Author(s):  
Neil Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Practical Nature

A chance meeting with Jhai foundation founder, Lee Thorn, over breakfast during the 2003 “UN World Summit on the Information Society” in Geneva has led to the author becoming very interested in an exciting, innovative project currently being trailed in Laos. This project aims to bring wireless Internet connectivity to remote villages that lack access to electricity and other services generally regarded as prerequisites for entering the digital age. The project is based on cooperative development with local people to produce and develop a system based on a rugged, long lasting, and weather-proof Linux-based computer connected to the Internet via antenna, a repeater station and a link through an ISP located in the nearest large centre. This article will outline the technical features of the project, the advantages currently arising from the project, and an overview of the personnel currently involved and their roles in the project. This will be followed by a discussion of broader and diverse issues associated with bringing new technologies to people living in isolated and poverty affected areas like Laos. These include ethical issues around perceived cultural imperialism, prioritised allocation of resources, unequal access and effects of globalisation. Issues of a more practical nature also arise with respect to sustainability, advantages and disadvantages, and future directions.

Inflammatory Markers Associated With Diabetes Mellitus – Old and New Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emir Muzurović ◽  
Zoja Stanković ◽  
Zlata Kovačević ◽  
Benida Šahmanović Škrijelj ◽  
Dimitri P Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Made In

: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and complex metabolic disorder, and also an important cause of cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs). Subclinical inflammation, observed in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), cannot be considered the sole or primary cause of T2DM in the absence of classical risk factors, but it represents an important mechanism that serves as a bridge between primary causes of T2DM and its manifestation. Progress has been made in the identification of effective strategies to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM. It is important to identify those at increased risk for DM by using specific biomarkers. Inflammatory markers correlate with insulin resistance (IR) and glycoregulation in patients with DM. Also, several inflammatory markers have been shown to be useful in assessing the risk of developing DM and its complications. However, the intertwining of pathophysiological processes and the not-quite-specificity of inflammatory markers for certain clinical entities limits their practical use. In this review we consider the advantages and disadvantages of various inflammatory biomarkers of DM that have been investigated to date as well as possible future directions. Key features of such biomarkers should be high specificity, non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Novel Gene Regulation in Normal and Abnormal Spermatogenesis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Li Du ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zixin Cheng ◽  
Si Wu ◽  
Jian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Myoid Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Human Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex and dynamic process which is precisely controlledby genetic and epigenetic factors. With the development of new technologies (e.g., single-cell RNA sequencing), increasingly more regulatory genes related to spermatogenesis have been identified. In this review, we address the roles and mechanisms of novel genes in regulating the normal and abnormal spermatogenesis. Specifically, we discussed the functions and signaling pathways of key new genes in mediating the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of rodent and human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), as well as in controlling the meiosis of spermatocytes and other germ cells. Additionally, we summarized the gene regulation in the abnormal testicular microenvironment or the niche by Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, and Leydig cells. Finally, we pointed out the future directions for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying human spermatogenesis. This review could offer novel insights into genetic regulation in the normal and abnormal spermatogenesis, and it provides new molecular targets for gene therapy of male infertility.

scholarly journals Nuclear mass measurements with radioactive ion beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 1930005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Famiano
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Nuclear Mass ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nuclear Masses ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Practical Constraints

Nuclear masses are the most fundamental of all nuclear properties, yet they can provide a wealth of knowledge, including information on astrophysical sites, constraints on existing theory, and fundamental symmetries. In nearly all applications, it is necessary to measure nuclear masses with very high precision. As mass measurements push to more short-lived and more massive nuclei, the practical constraints on mass measurement techniques become more exacting. Various techniques used to measure nuclear masses, including their advantages and disadvantages are described. Descriptions of some of the world facilities at which the nuclear mass measurements are performed are given, and brief summaries of planned facilities are presented. Future directions are mentioned, and conclusions are presented which provide a possible outlook and emphasis on upcoming plans for nuclear mass measurements at existing facilities, those under construction, and those being planned.

The Ethics of Mobile Health Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
S. Galderisi ◽  
F. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Health Technologies

IntroductionMobile health (m-health) technology has been growing rapidly in the last decades. The use of this technology represents an advantage, especially for reaching patients who otherwise would have no access to healthcare. However, many ethical issues arise from the use of m-health. Health equity, privacy policies, adequate informed consent and a competent, safe and high quality healthcare need to be guaranteed; professional standards and quality of doctor-patient relationship in the digital setting should not be lower than those set for in-person practice.AimsTo assess advantages and threats that may arise from the wide use of m-health technologies, in order to guarantee the application of the best medical practices, resulting in the highest quality healthcare.MethodsA literature search has been conducted to highlight the most pressing ethical issues emerging from the spreading of m-health technologies.ResultsFew ethical guidelines on the appropriate use of m-health have been developed to help clinicians adopt a professional conduct within digital settings. They focus on the need for professional associations to define ethical guidelines and for physicians to take care of their education and online behavior when using m-health technologies.ConclusionsThe rapid spreading of m-health technologies urges us to evaluate all ethical issues related to its use. It would be advisable to produce an ethical code for the use of these new technologies, to guarantee health equity, privacy protection, high quality doctor-patient relationships and to ensure that m-health is not chosen over traditional care for merely economic purposes.Disclosure of interestSG received honoraria or Advisory board/consulting fees from the following companies: Lundbeck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Hoffman-La Roche, Angelini-Acraf, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre and Gedeon-Richter. All other authors have declared.

The Japanese National Large Telescope

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomakazu Kogure ◽  
Keiichi Kodaira
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Large Telescope ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Active Mirror

AbstractThe Japanese National Large Telescope is an 8-metre class optical-infrared reflector with a monolithic thin meniscus mirror, to be constructed at the Mauna Kea summit, Hawaii. The JNLT will be characterised by high quality performance in the optical and infrared regions, achieved by adopting new technologies such as active mirror support, fast optics and a thermally controlled dome. In particular, high infrared qualities are regarded as the most important characteristics among various design goals.The JNLT project is now close to the final study phase before construction. This paper reviews the scientific motivations and the special technical features of the JNLT. Finally, the promotion of international collaboration around the JNLT is emphasised.

Future directions for the discovery of antibiotics from actinomycete bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Devine ◽  
Matthew I. Hutchings ◽  
Neil A. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Generation

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing societal problem, and without new anti-infective drugs, the UK government-commissioned O'Neil report has predicted that infectious disease will claim the lives of an additional 10 million people a year worldwide by 2050. Almost all the antibiotics currently in clinical use are derived from the secondary metabolites of a group of filamentous soil bacteria called actinomycetes, most notably in the genus Streptomyces. Unfortunately, the discovery of these strains and their natural products (NPs) peaked in the 1950s and was then largely abandoned, partly due to the repeated rediscovery of known strains and compounds. Attention turned instead to rational target-based drug design, but this was largely unsuccessful and few new antibiotics have made it to clinic in the last 60 years. In the early 2000s, however, genome sequencing of the first Streptomyces species reinvigorated interest in NP discovery because it revealed the presence of numerous cryptic NP biosynthetic gene clusters that are not expressed in the laboratory. Here, we describe how the use of new technologies, including improved culture-dependent and -independent techniques, combined with searching underexplored environments, promises to identify a new generation of NP antibiotics from actinomycete bacteria.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues of Organ Transplantation in Islam

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
M Mostafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Proxy Consent ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Scientists and clinicians must become familiar with the factors that affect the emotional, physical, and spiritual health of their patients that are outside the ken of the traditionally dominant value systems. Although many researchers have addressed the cultural and ethnical factors, very few have considered the impact of religion. Islam, as the largest and fastestgrowing religion in the world, has adherents throughout the world, presents a complete moral, ethical, and medical framework, while it sometimes concurs conflicts with the conventional and secular ethical framework. This paper introduces to the Islamic principles of ethics in organ transplantation involving human subject to address issues of religion and religious ethics. Historical reflections are discussed as to why Muslim thinkers were late to consider contemporary medical issues such as organ donation. Islam respects life and values need of the living over the dead, thus allowing organ donation to be considered in certain circumstances. The sources of Islamic law are discussed in brief to see how the parameters of organ transplantation are derived. The Islamic perception, both Shiite and Sunni, is examined in relation to organ donation and its various sources. The advantages and disadvantages of brain dead and cadaveric donation are reviewed with technical and ethical considerations. The Islamic concept of brain death, informed and proxy consent are also discussed. The concept of rewarded donation as a way to alleviate the shortage of organs available for transplantation is assessed.    doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i1.3230 TAJ 2008; 21(1): 97-103

scholarly journals Saliva - A New Horizon for Estimating Antioxidant Profile of Mobile Phone User

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Asra Khan ◽  
Suad Naheed ◽  
Mehtab Alam ◽  
Saba Salahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Mobile Phone User ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Phone User

This is the era of information and new technologies, among the brilliant inventions and advancement, Global system of mobile phone communication (GSM) makes the life as approachable as one can think. It changes the social relation and social network of an individual. Hence the mobile has two sides of a coin. Advantages and disadvantages are associated with every feasibility or inventions.  But some time blessings bring some harmful effects on the human body. Mobile phone uses radio waves. Some part of the radio wave is also absorbed in the body. The ear is the most exposed part of the body. The salivary gland is very close to the ear. Hence, the affected part of the cellular phone radiations is a salivary gland. In the current study, we collected the unstimulated saliva sample from volunteers to estimate the antioxidant profile of the mobile phone user. The Uric acids, Catalase, C Reactive Protein (CRP), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were included in the antioxidant profile. Uric acid, GSH, SOD was significantly decreased while CRP and Catalase were significantly increased. The result shows the increase the risk of inflammation and oxidative stress, which can predispose the cell phone user to a multitude of infectious & non-infectious oral diseases.

scholarly journals Research of long radius technology for implementation of solutions of the Іnternet of things

Connectivity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Zhezhkun ◽  
◽  
L. B. Veksler ◽  
S. M. Brezitsʹkyy ◽  
B. O. Tarasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Security Properties ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This article focuses on the analysis of promising technologies for long-range traffic transmission for the implementation of the Internet of Things. The result of the review of technical features of technologies, their advantages and disadvantages is given. A comparative analysis was performed. An analysis is made that in the future heterogeneous structures based on the integration of many used radio technologies will play a crucial role in the implementation of fifth generation networks and systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) is heavily affecting our daily lives in many domains, ranging from tiny wearable devices to large industrial systems. Consequently, a wide variety of IoT applications have been developed and deployed using different IoT frameworks. An IoT framework is a set of guiding rules, protocols, and standards which simplify the implementation of IoT applications. The success of these applications mainly depends on the ecosystem characteristics of the IoT framework, with the emphasis on the security mechanisms employed in it, where issues related to security and privacy are pivotal. In this paper, we survey the security of the main IoT frameworks, a total of 8 frameworks are considered. For each framework, we clarify the proposed architecture, the essentials of developing third-party smart apps, the compatible hardware, and the security features. Comparing security architectures shows that the same standards used for securing communications, whereas different methodologies followed for providing other security properties.

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