scholarly journals Kiegészítések az Orobanche reticulata biológiájához és hazai elterjedéséhez

Kitaibelia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Norbert Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans

A közlemény az Orobanche reticulata néhány új magyarországi adatáról számol be. A fajt a szakirodalomban ismeretlen gazdanövényről, Carduus hamulosus-ról gyűjtöttük a Keleti-Bakonyban, a Bér-hegyen. A Magyarországon általában májustól júliusig virágzó faj életmenetéhez érdekes adalék egy extrém csapadékos év (2010) enyhe őszén megfigyelt késői, októberi virágzása is. Egy másik populáció (Vértes hegység, Magyaralmás) érdekessége annak tömegessége. Itt az O. reticulata 2020 nyarán egy, az előző évben beszántásra került természetes szárazgyep élőhely parlag­ján jelent meg nagy tömegben (több száz egyed), Carduus nutans subsp. leiophyllus és Carduus acanthoides gazdanövényen. A fajt néhány olyan flóratérképezési kvadrátból is közöljük a Dunántúli-középhegység, Külső-Somogy és Mezőföld területéről, ahol eddig nem volt ismert.

FURTHER STUDIES ON NATURAL SELECTION AMONG HYBRIDS OF CARDUUS ACANTHOIDES AND CARDUUS NUTANS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1605-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Moore ◽  
G. A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Great Decrease ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

A third 5-year survey made in 1962 of Carduus acanthoides, C. nutans, and their hybrids in Grey Co., Ontario, revealed that a great decrease in these populations had occurred. C. acanthoides and hybrids similar to this species had survived better than C. nutans but very little spread of either species seemed to have occurred in 1957–1962. In experimental plots the hybrid has been made and backcrossed to the parental species. The species differ in chromosome number (C. acanthoides, 2n = 22; C. nutans, 2n = 16) and hybrids have intermediate numbers. Evidence was found from field and experimental studies that the progeny of the F1 hybrid included a greater proportion of seedlings with the higher chromosome numbers than with the lower and intermediate numbers. It is suggested that this selection may operate through the rejection of the longer chromosomes received from C. nutans, which, in certain zygotic combinations may constitute an excess of chromatin lethal to the zygote.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 89. Carduus nutans L. and Carduus acanthoides L.

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. DESROCHERS ◽  
J. F. BAIN ◽  
S. I. WARWICK
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Introduced Weeds

Carduus nutans L. and C. acanthoides L. are introduced weeds, primarily of roadsides, fields and pasturelands. Both species occur in eastern and western Canada with C. nutans more common than C. acanthoides in western Canada. High seed production and germination rate on open soil contribute to the success of the species as weeds, as do the spiny leaves and stems which deter grazing by animals. Mowing or the application of hormone-like herbicides are both effective means of control. Biological control methods have also been used for both species, but have been most successful in the control of C. nutans.Key words: Musk thistle, nodding thistle, plumeless thistle, Carduus spp.

NATURAL SELECTION AMONG HYBRIDS BETWEEN CARDUUS ACANTHOIDES AND C. NUTANS IN ONTARIO

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Mulligan ◽  
Raymond J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Southern Half

Natural hybridization is occurring between two introduced thistles, Carduus acanthoides L. and C. nutans L., in the southern half of Grey County, Ontario. The morphological variation of plants in 37 fields, including a field near Priceville previously studied in 1952, was evaluated by means of a hybrid index in 1957. Carduus nutans was first established in the hybrid area and C. acanthoides was introduced later, probably from the region northwest of Owen Sound, into waste land near Flesherton, where hybridization first occurred. Many large hybrid populations were found in the southern portion of Grey County and most of these hybrids were very similar to C. acanthoides in morphology. It was concluded that there is a numerical supremacy of acanthoides-type hybrid segregates in the hybrid area, and that such hybrids are better adapted for survival under local conditions than C. nutans and will probably supplant the latter species.

scholarly journals Environmental variability and the initiation of dispersal: turbulence strongly increases seed release

2005 ◽  
Vol 273 (1587) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Skarpaas ◽  
Richard Auhl ◽  
Katriona Shea
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Metapopulation Dynamics ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Spatial Pattern Formation ◽  
Critical Process ◽  
Laminar And Turbulent Flows

Dispersal is a critical process in ecology. It is an important biological driver of, for example, invasions, metapopulation dynamics, spatial pattern formation and pathogen movement. Much is known about the effect of environmental variability, including turbulence, on dispersal of diaspores. Here, we document experimentally the strong but under-explored influence of turbulence on the initiation of dispersal. Flower heads of two thistle species ( Carduus nutans and Carduus acanthoides ) with ripe seeds were exposed to series of laminar and turbulent air flows of increasing velocity in a wind tunnel. Seed release increased with wind speeds for both laminar and turbulent flows for both species. However, far more seeds were released, at significantly lower wind speeds, during turbulent flows. These results strongly suggest a need for more quantitative studies of abscission in the field, as well as dispersal models that incorporate variability in the diaspore release phase.

Rhinocyllus conicus Establishment for Biocontrol of Thistles in Virginia

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Surles ◽  
L. T. Kok ◽  
R. L. Pienkowski
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Rhinocyllus Conicus ◽  
Viable Seeds

Rhinocyllus conicusFroel. (Col.: Curculionidae) larvae feeding within the capitula ofCarduusthistles may reduce production of viable seeds. EachR. conicuslarva destroyed 9.7 developing musk thistle (Carduus nutansL.) seeds. An average musk thistle capitulum, 29.2 mm diameter, produced 15.3 viable achenes per millimeter of diameter for an average of 447 viable seeds. Surveys of 23 release sites in Virginia revealed that thistles at 12 had sustained a population of weevils. Weevil eggs at six sites have increased in abundance, and establishment appears assured. Colonization ofR. conicuswas enhanced by spring or early summer releases; larger stocks of insects were required for late summer releases. The weevils exhibited better synchronization with musk thistle than with plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoidesL.); and best success has been achieved where extensive, persistent stands of musk thistle were available.

Hybridization of Carduus nutans and Carduus acanthoides (Compositae): morphological variation in F1 hybrids and backcrosses

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2303-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
L. D. Black
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Hybrid Classes

The aim of this study was to compare patterns of morphological variation in F1 hybrids and backcrosses obtained artifically in the greenhouse relative to the parental species Carduus acanthoides (2n = 22) and Carduus nutans (2n = 16), which form a naturally occurring hybrid complex in Grey County, Ontario. The identity of parental, hybrid, and backcross genotypes was confirmed using allozyme markers. The data were used to test for hybrid (H) intermediacy in morphological traits that differentiate the two parental taxa (acronyms A and N are used for C. acanthoides and C. nutans, respectively) and to determine patterns of variation on the same traits among the four classes of backcross plants (NH, HN, AH, and HA, seed × pollen parent, respectively). Canonical multivariate analysis indicated that in general, F1 hybrids had intermediate morphologies compared with parental genotypes, although differences were observed among characters with respect to the degree of morphological intermediacy of hybrids. The backcrosses were divided into two groups, i.e., those backcrossed with C. acanthoides (AH and HA) and those with C. nutans (NH and HN). However, backcrosses also showed considerable morphological overlap with F1 hybrids. These results exemplify the utility of joint comparisons of morphology and genotypic constitution (allozymes) in the hybridization studies, and they emphasize the limitations in describing hybrid classes solely by morphological criteria. Key words: Carduus nutans, Carduus acanthoides, hybrids, backcrosses, morphological variation.

Distribution of Carduus nutans, C. acanthoides, C. pycnocephalus, and C. crispus, in the United States

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
Pest Status

A survey determined the extent and severity of the infestations of four species of Carduus thistles in the United States. In the mainland United States, 360 counties of 3068 have economically important infestations of musk thistle (Carduus nutans L.), the Appalachian and midwest regions harboring the greatest infestations. Plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) and Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus L.) are of economic importance, but have limited distribution. Welted thistle (Carduus crispus L.) is approaching pest status only in Virginia.

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