How road traffic safety campaigns influence seat belt use – case study for the city of Banja Luka

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify the effect of the enforcement, which was carried out with ANPRs, on seat belt use. Though the Seat belt Act was enacted in 1992, it did not lead to an expected increase in seat belt use in Turkey including Sanliurfa, which is one of the immense provinces with a population of over 2m. The Sanliurfa Police Department set in an enforcement campaign, in which automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras were used to facilitate an increment in using seat belts in the city center. Under the police leadership, seat belt use enforcement campaign was hugely publicized and sustained throughout the city. Design/methodology/approach The ANPRs did not have a feature to detect seat belt wearing automatically. Thus, this study tested whether automated plate recognition cameras have a deterrence effect on seat belt usage. To assess the efficacy of this enforcement project, the authors employed a pre/post-implementation design. For this study, the records of the 11 ANPR camera sites, 2 non-camera sites and 2 control sites were utilized. Findings The results of this study revealed that the seat belt use rate was around 8 percent, before camera enforcement in Sanliurfa. Overall increases were 12 percent during the warning period, 60 percent for the beginning period and 78 percent three months after enforcement began at camera sites. One-way ANOVA results suggested the differences between means of seat belt use counts were statistically significant F (3, 61,596)=15,456, p=0.000. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest that there are several reasons for the substantial increase in the seat belt use rate. The first reason for the success of the cameras was their deterrent effect on the drivers, because the drivers were aware that the traffic offense had become readily observable via camera detection in the intersections, and the drivers did not want to be penalized. Second, it is considered that a well-organized publicity of the cameras made a significant contribution to the effectiveness of the enforcement by increasing perceived detection risk. Finally, it is considered that the reason behind the sudden increase in seat belt use was the red-light cameras that had been already in use in Sanliurfa. Namely, the experience of the drivers about camera enforcement gave rise to the rapid decrease in seat belt violation rate in the warning period. Practical implications Using cameras (automatic or not) for seat belt enforcement and publicizing this enforcement can help to save resources and lives. Originality/value This study found a lot of news about similar enforcement on the internet, but no study was found in the literature that reveals if the enforcement can produce an effective result. Thus, this is the first study in Turkey, may be in the world, that evaluated if cameras of the ANPRS can generate effective seat belt enforcement. Furthermore, the study betokened that traffic violations, which cannot be automatically detected by cameras such as cell phone use and smoking in a vehicle can be effectively enforced by non-automatic cameras. Therefore, we believe that the study will contribute policing and the traffic safety literature.

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Identification of Factors Affecting Road Traffic Injuries Incidence and Severity in Southern Thailand Based on Accident Investigation Reports

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132212467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 12467

Author(s):

Nuntaporn Klinjun ◽

Matthew Kelly ◽

Chanita Praditsathaporn ◽

Rewwadee Petsirasan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Seat Belt ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Road Traffic Injuries ◽

Traffic Lights ◽

Road Traffic Safety ◽

Traffic Injury ◽

Haddon Matrix

Thailand has the second-highest rates of road traffic mortality globally. Detailed information on the combination of human, vehicle, and environmental risks giving rise to each incident is important for addressing risk factors holistically. This paper presents the result of forensic road traffic investigation reports in Thailand and determines risk factor patterns for road traffic injuries. Detailed forensic reports were extracted for 25 serious traffic accident events. The Haddon matrix was used to analyze risk factors in three phases stratified by four agents. The 25 events analyzed involved 407 victims and 47 vehicles. A total of 65.8% of victims were injured, including 14.5% who died. The majority (66.1%) of deaths occurred at the scene. Human-error-related factors included speeding and drowsiness. Passenger risks included not using the seat belt, sitting in the cargo area and the cab of pickups. Overloaded vehicles, unsafe car modifications, no occupant safety equipment and having unfixed seats were vehicular risks. Environmental risks included fixed objects on the roadside, no traffic lights, no guard rails, no traffic signs, and road accident black spots. At present, traffic accidents cause much avoidable severe injury and death. The outcome of this paper identifies a number of preventable risk factors for traffic injury, and importantly examines them in conjunction. Road traffic safety measures need to consider how human, vehicle, and environmental risks intersect to influence injury likelihood and severity. The Haddon matrix is useful in identifying these pre- and post-accident risk factors. Furthermore, the sustainable preventions of road traffic injury need to address these risks together with active law enforcement.

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Passive Road Safety Systems – Case Study of Road Section Prnjavor- Doboj (M16.1, R474, R474a)

JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE ◽

10.7251/jtttp1801060d ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Danislav Drašković ◽

Dragoslav Mihajlović ◽

Ljubo Glamočić ◽

Samir Hrnjić

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Research Problem ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Road Traffic Safety ◽

Road Section ◽

Safety Systems ◽

The Eu

The European Parliament and the European Council have adopted the Directive 2008/96/EC relating to the safety of traffic infrastructure. This Directive binds the EU Member States to implement the guidelines on roads comprising the parts of the Trans-European traffic network, regardless of the stage those roads are in. EU Member States have a possibility to adopt the guidelines and regulations from the Directive and build them into the national regulations on parts of the roads that are not a part of the Trans-European roads. Based on the facts stated above, there is a research problem in a form of a question “Can the Directive 2008/96/EC be applied in the traffic in Bosnia and Herzegovina?” i.e. are its guidelines implemented as a manner of approximation with the EU regulations, and what are the effects of its implementation. This is a traffic problem in its nature, closely related to road traffic safety, and we find the answer to the research problem in theoretical and empirical research in this area.

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Study on Vehicles Speed Discreteness on the Road of Urban-Rural Ecotone

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1967 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 253-255 ◽

pp. 1967-1970

Author(s):

Yan Li

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Simulation Software ◽

The Road ◽

Road Traffic Safety ◽

Geographical Unit ◽

Urban Rural ◽

On The Road ◽

The City

Urban-rural ecotone is separate geographical unit, and it is in the parallel connecting area of the city and countryside. With the rapid economic development, traffic accidents in the area showing a significant increase in the trend. Because of vehicles in urban-rural ecotone of many types, traffic is more complex, speed variations and high frequency of speed changes, a greater impact on such sections of road traffic safety. Therefore, this article by the typical section of the survey, combined with the traffic simulation software, using grey relation entropy analysis method to analyze speed discrete of the urban-rural ecotone road, so as to clear the characteristics of various types of vehicles speed.

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Influence of professional drivers’ personality traits on road traffic safety: case study

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion ◽

10.1080/17457300.2013.843571 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 100-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Snežana Živković ◽

Vesna Nikolić ◽

Mirko Markič

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Professional Drivers ◽

Road Traffic Safety ◽

Safety Case

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Safety Enhancement by Automated Driving: What are the Relevant Scenarios?

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1686-1690

Author(s):

Niklas Grabbe ◽

Michael Höcher ◽

Alexander Thanos ◽

Klaus Bengler

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Test Cases ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Road Traffic Safety ◽

Human Driver ◽

Driving Task ◽

Promising Solution ◽

Vehicle Automation ◽

Safety Enhancement

Automated driving offers great possibilities in traffic safety advancement. However, evidence of safety cannot be provided by current validation methods. One promising solution to overcome the approval trap (Winner, 2015) could be the scenario-based approach. Unfortunately, this approach still results in a huge number of test cases. One possible way out is to show the current, incorrect path in the argumentation and strategy of vehicle automation, and focus on the systemic mechanisms of road traffic safety. This paper therefore argues the case for defining relevant scenarios and analysing them systemically in order to ultimately reduce the test cases. The relevant scenarios are based on the strengths and weaknesses, in terms of the driving task, for both the human driver and automation. Finally, scenarios as criteria for exclusion are being proposed in order to systemically assess the contribution of the human driver and automation to road safety.

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Assessing inequality, irregularity, and severity regarding road traffic safety during COVID-19

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91392-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lei Lin ◽

Feng Shi ◽

Weizi Li

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Critical Conditions ◽

Road Traffic Safety ◽

Accident Data ◽

The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has affected every sector of our society, among which human mobility is taking a dramatic change due to quarantine and social distancing. We investigate the impact of the pandemic and subsequent mobility changes on road traffic safety. Using traffic accident data from the city of Los Angeles and New York City, we find that the impact is not merely a blunt reduction in traffic and accidents; rather, (1) the proportion of accidents unexpectedly increases for “Hispanic” and “Male” groups; (2) the “hot spots” of accidents have shifted in both time and space and are likely moved from higher-income areas (e.g., Hollywood and Lower Manhattan) to lower-income areas (e.g., southern LA and southern Brooklyn); (3) the severity level of accidents decreases with the number of accidents regardless of transportation modes. Understanding those variations of traffic accidents not only sheds a light on the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 across demographic and geographic factors, but also helps policymakers and planners design more effective safety policies and interventions during critical conditions such as the pandemic.

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