scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS AGAINST AGEISM

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Munuera Gómez ◽  
M. Elena Blanco Larrieux
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Institutional Solution ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Spanish Legislation

Human beings go through stages of vulnerability during their evolution and development. Old age is one of these. The rights of older persons are acknowledged to a certain degree but have not yet been developed into an integral system like the rights of other groups, for instance the handicapped, have. Spanish legislation contemplates the rights of older persons to guarantee their social protection.  The objective of this paper is to reveal the need of a single unified law to guarantee these rights. For this purpose, existing Spanish legislation has been reviewed, finding the underlying principles of this protection is based in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In current times older persons have ceased to be respected by their age and social position and sometimes find themselves socially excluded or legally unprotected. This circumstance claims a solution to avoid illtreatment. It calls for an institutional solution: the drafting of a charter of rights of the older person which would avoid behaviours that disregard this group, harming their dignity as individuals. It is difficult for older persons to gain respect for their participation as citizens because their social conditions are not equal to that of the rest of citizens who are allowed to make their rights effective and thus ensure their respect.

THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSCENDENTAL VALUE AS AN EFFORT OF ONLINE TRANSACTION LEGAL PROTECTION IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Rizka Rizka
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Consumptive Behavior ◽  
Online Shops

The digitalization of the economy sector in the industrial revolution 4.0 needs to be approached with a smart attitude so as to not bring loss to both the consumers and the business holders, by transforming the instrument of consumer rights in an updated and a better way. The development of technology has spoiled human beings in all aspects, including in muamalah. like transaction. The society’s rapid consumptive behavior becomes a business opportunity for the investors to invest their capital in the field of trade, which is also rapidly developing. The increasing demand of consumptive products pushes the popularity of online transaction. There exist hundreds of online shops, either official shops or those undergoing transaction through social media. Anyone can be owners of online shops, and the consumers can be adults, teenagers, and even children. This condition causes some problems, such as the misuse of online transaction for deception, offering products which are not the same as the real items, or worse, not sending the products after the consumer has transferred the money. The results show that in online transactions, there are many dishonest sellers who legalize all methods to practice deception, so there needs to be a connection between online transaction and religion with the hope to minimize the chance of harm for both the consumers and the sellers.

Naturalizing Moral Regression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Moral Progress ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Group Threat ◽  
Epistemic Practices ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Development And Evolution

This chapter proposes a theory of moral regression, arguing that inclusivist gains can be eroded not only if certain harsh biological and social conditions indicative of out-group threat actually reappear but also if significant numbers of people come to believe that such harsh conditions exist even when they do not. It argues that normal cognitive biases in conjunction with defective social-epistemic practices can cause people wrongly to believe that such harsh conditions exist, thus triggering the development and evolution of exclusivist moralities and the dismantling of inclusivist ones. Armed with detailed knowledge of the biological and social environments in which progressive moralities emerge and are sustained, as well as the conditions under which they are likely to be dismantled, human beings can take significant steps toward transforming the classic liberal faith in moral progress into a practical, empirically grounded hope.

scholarly journals An Innovative Personalised Management Program for Older Adults with Parkinson’s Disease: New Concepts and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Piyush Varma ◽  
Lakshanaa Narayan ◽  
Jane Alty ◽  
Virginia Painter ◽  
Chandrasekhara Padmakumar
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Concepts

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome. Parkinson’s disease in older persons presents with a diverse array of clinical manifestations leading to unique care needs. This raises the need for the healthcare community to proactively address the care needs of older persons with Parkinson’s disease. Though it is tempting to categorise different phenotypes of Parkinson’s disease, a strong evidence based for the same is lacking. There is considerable literature describing the varying clinical manifestations in old age. This article aims to review the literature looking for strategies in personalising the management of an older person with Parkinson’s disease.

Carers’ ambivalence in conflict situations with older persons

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta Breitholtz ◽  
Ingrid Snellman ◽  
Ingegerd Fagerberg
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of professional carers’ experiences in caring situations when a conflict of interest arises with the older person receiving care. The findings reveal the complexity of the carers’ ambivalence when facing a conflict of interest, weighing up between the older persons’ right to self-determination and external demands. The carers are alone in their ambivalence, and the conclusion is that they need help and support to be more present in the encounter. The implication for this study is to focus on care as a person-centered practice and to focus on people as interdependent on support carers to maintain older people’s right to self-determination in the relationship.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE RIGHT TO THE ENVIRONMENT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akramosadat Kia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

Nature is one of the most important pillars of human life, which is why the environment has been considered in all historical periods. At first, contemporary international law seeks to protect the environment as part of international environmental law, but the inadequacy of this protection and the need to protect the environment for Nowadays's human beings and future generations, the link between the environment and human rights It was considered because legal protection of human rights could be a means to protect the environment. Hence, in the context of the third generation of human rights, a new right called "the right to the environment" was created in international human rights instruments, in which the environment was raised as a human right. This right is not only a reminder of the solidarity rights that are categorized in the third generation of human rights, but also necessary for the realization of many human rights, civil, political or economic, social and cultural rights. However, the exercise of this right requires a level of development which in turn provides for a greater degree of environmental degradation. Hence, the international community since the nineties has promoted the idea of sustainable development at all levels of national, regional and the international has put it on its agenda.

scholarly journals Medical assistance in dying and older persons in Belgium: trends, emerging issues and challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Van Den Noortgate ◽  
Liesbeth Van Humbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Decisional Capacity ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Medical Assistance In Dying ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Explicit Request

Abstract In 2002, the Belgian Act on euthanasia came into effect, regulating the intentional ending of life by a physician at the patient’s explicit request. Subsequently, the number of reported euthanasia deaths increased every year. Specifically, the proportion of euthanasia deaths in older persons has risen significantly in the last few years. Since the conception of the Euthanasia Act, Belgian physicians have been confronted with challenges concerning euthanasia requests in older persons with polypathology, tiredness of life or dementia. By exploring these issues, this commentary highlights the importance of a meticulous and team-based assessment of the (i) seriousness of the underlying condition, (ii) voluntariness of the request and (iii) decisional capacity of the older person requesting euthanasia.

scholarly journals Frailty and the Risk of Polypharmacy in the Older Person: Enabling and Preventative Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Martin C. Nwadiugwu
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Medication Reconciliation ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Inherent Risk ◽  
Stopp Criteria ◽  
Frail Older Persons

Frail older people have an inherent risk of polypharmacy due to the need to treat multiple comorbidities, thus leading to various negative effects on their health due to the adverse actions from the drugs. This issue was discussed from a person-centered perspective, highlighting the category of frail older adults who are at a higher risk. Appropriate medication reconciliation in this population with useful prescribing tools (Beers and START/STOPP criteria) to minimize polypharmacy and to provide alternative prescriptive intervention could go alongside primary care to reduce the extent of frailty and polypharmacy. Reducing delayed referrals and extended hospitalization with electronic health record systems and using the signs of frailty from the Electronic Frailty Index (EFI) to predict polypharmacy for frail older persons are preventative approaches that proactively respond to frailty associated with the risk of polypharmacy.

scholarly journals The conundrum of old age and COVID-19 responses in Eswatini and Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-846
Author(s):  
Tatenda Goodman Nhapi ◽  
Jotham Dhemba
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Resource Constraint ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Impact Mitigation

This article explores domains of challenges in guaranteeing enhanced social functioning for Southern African countries of Zimbabwe and Eswatini in the context of COVID-19. Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) and Government of Ewatini (GoE) social protection interventions targeting COVID-impact mitigation for older persons are analysed within the context of resource constraint challenges. Social security programmes initiated by the GoE and GoZ are analysed while noting emerging milestones and gaps. Finally, pathways for the roles of social workers are proposed.

Food Security for Socially Excluded Groups in India: Examining the Role of Social Protection Programme

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Nidhi S Sabharwal ◽  
Mala Mukherjee ◽  
Vinod K Mishra ◽  
Dilip Diwakar G
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Socially Excluded

The legal appearances of dementia in court rulings: mapping the terrain

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel (Issi) Doron ◽  
Perla Werner ◽  
Benny Spanier ◽  
Ori Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Very Elderly ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Person With Dementia

ABSTRACTBackground:Individuals with dementia may appear before the court in different roles: as victims, as witnesses, and as those standing up for their rights. While there is growing interest in the rights of older persons with dementia, relatively little empirical data exists regarding their actual interactions in courts. Therefore, the goal of this study was to empirically map this legal terrain.Methods:This study used a descriptive quantitative method. A computerized search of a national legal database limited to the period 2004–2014 and a screening process for the results were used to establish a sample of 280 court rulings that directly addressed dementia. All cases were analyzed and categorized into the following four criteria groups: characteristics of the person with dementia; characteristics of the legal procedure; the legal substance of the case; and the legal outcome.Results:The majority of cases involved a single, very-elderly (i.e. over 80 years) woman, living in the community, with unspecified dementia. The majority of cases were heard and decided in lower level courts, addressing a broad range of primarily non-criminal legal issues. Finally, in the majority of non-criminal cases, the person with dementia was found to be legally capable, whereas in the majority of criminal cases, the person with dementia was found incapable.Conclusions:The legal needs and rights of persons with dementia are much broader than issues of legal capacity or social protection. Deeper knowledge and more research is needed in order to fully understand the contexts in which dementia is constructed under the law.

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