scholarly journals Strategi Adaptasi Kata Pinjaman dalam Bahasa Bugis: Koresponden-OO

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-76
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Sah ◽  
Sharifah Raihan Syed Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Word List ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Loanword Adaptation ◽  
Lexical Items

Sebagai masyarakat minoriti di Malaysia, masyarakat Bugis cenderung menyerap masuk leksikal daripada bahasa lain khususnya daripada masyarakat tempatan di kawasan mereka akibat daripada proses asimilasi yang berlaku. Justeru, kajian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab persoalan: (1) bagaimana strategi adaptasi kata pinjaman yang digunakan dalam penyerapan leksikal asing ke dalam bahasa Bugis, dan­­­­ (2) bagaimana strategi adaptasi yang berlaku itu dapat dijelaskan menggunakan pendekatan ­­­Koresponden-OO yang dibangunkan dalam teori Optimaliti. Data telah dikumpulkan melalui kaedah lapangan dan temu bual dengan menggunakan instrumen borang soal selidik, daftar kata.dan alat rakaman.Kajian lapangan dijalankan di Pontian dan Pasir Gudang, Johor serta di Klang, Selangor. Seramai 144 informan daripada tiga kumpulan umur, iaitu warga muda, warga dewasa dan warga tua terlibat dalam menjawab soal selidik dan daftar kata. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan lapan strategi adaptasi kata pinjaman digunakan dalam bahasa Bugis, iaitu peleburan, pengguguran, penggantian segmen, epentesis, perendahan vokal, penggantian nasal, pembentukan hentian glotis dan geminasi. Analisis Koresponden-OO menunjukkan sifat bahasa Bugis yang tidak bertoleransi dengan nahu asing dengan melarang penyerapan penuh leksikal asing yang dipinjam. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada keperluan mematuhi kekangan kebertandaan *LEKSIKAL SAMA yang mendominasi kekangan-kekangan lain dalam tatatingkat nahu bahasa Bugis. Hasil kajian ini dapat membekalkan input kepada aspek bahasa masyarakat Bugis di Malaysia yang telah dikesampingkan sebelum ini, dan berjaya menunjukkan kemampuan Koresponden-OO dalam menjelaskan isu kata pinjaman tanpa mengingkari konsep penting teori Optimaliti, iaitu Keselarian. Kata Kunci: kata pinjaman; strategi adaptasi; bahasa Bugis; teori Optimaliti; Koresponden-OO ABSTRACT As a minority community in Malaysia, the Bugis community tends to utilise lexical items from other languages, particularly from local languages as a result of the assimilation process that took place. Thus, this study was conducted to answer the following questions: (1) how are the loanword adaptation strategies used in absorbing foreign language lexical items into the Bugis language, and (2) how can these adaptation strategies be explained by using the Correspondence-OO approach developed in Optimality theory. Data were collected through field methods and interviews using questionnaire, word list and recording. The field studies were conducted in Pontian and Pasir Gudang, Johor as well as in Klang, Selangor. A total of 144 informants from three age groups, namely among the youth, adults and the elderly who were involved in answering the questionnaire and wordlist. The results revealed that eight loanword adaptation strategies were used in Bugis language, namely fusion, deletion, segment substitution, epenthesis, vowel reduction, nasal substitution, glottal stop formation and gemination. The Correspondence-OO analysis showed an element of Bugis language which is intolerant of foreign grammars by prohibiting the full absorption of borrowed foreign lexical items. This can be observed from the needs to comply with a markedness constraint *SAME LEXICAL, that dominates other constraints in the grammar of the Bugis language. The findings of the study can shed input on the language aspects of the Bugis community in Malaysia that were previously excluded. In addition, it has successfully demonstrated the capability of Correspondence-OO in explaining the issue of loanwords without denying the important concept of Optimality theory, namely Parallelism. Keywords: loanword; adaptation strategy; Bugis language; Optimality theory; Correspondence-OO

Toward Vision Zero at Zebra Crossings: Case Study of Traffic Safety and Mobility for Children and the Elderly, Malmö, Sweden

2003 ◽  
Vol 1828 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotta Johansson ◽  
Per Gårder ◽  
Lars Leden
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
One Step ◽  
Vision Zero

The Swedish Vision Zero’s goal is to eliminate all fatalities and incapacitating traffic injuries. One step toward Vision Zero is through traffic calming. Code changes are also part of this effort. The Swedish Code concerning car drivers’ responsibility to give way to pedestrians was strengthened in 2000. A study was done to evaluate the short-term effects of the change in the code, as well as of the reconstruction of urban intersections to eliminate overtaking and speeding over 30 km/h. The focus of the evaluation was on children and elderly people, as pedestrians and cyclists. Between 1995 and 1999, an average of 7 pedestrians were killed and about 60 seriously injured at unsignalized zebra crossings. In 2001, those numbers were 8 and 70, respectively, despite the fact that some crosswalks were eliminated in connection with the change of the code. The conclusion is that the change of code has not improved safety. Field studies in Malmö in regard to behavior, speed, and conflicts, as well as analysis of crash data, show that the code change has increased mobility for cyclists, whereas motor vehicle speeds did not change significantly. The reconstruction increased mobility further and, at least based on indirect measures, improved safety. Also, safe traffic behavior, expressed as one’s looking sideways, increased somewhat at the reconstructed intersections, but stopping at the curb before crossing the street decreased. Children and the elderly did not benefit more than people in other age groups.

The Effects of Significant International Sports Events on Hungarian Suicide Rates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Bozsonyi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Sandor Fekete ◽  
Lajos Bálint
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. Background: Several studies found a significant relationship between important sport events and suicidal behavior. Aims: We set out to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between the raw suicide rate and the most important international sports events (Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship) in such an achievement-oriented society as the Hungarian one, where these sport events receive great attention. Method: We examined suicide cases occurring over 15,706 days between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2012 (43 years), separately for each gender. Because of the age-specific characteristics of suicide, the effects of these sport events were analyzed for the middle-aged (30–59 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) generations as well as for gender-specific population groups. The role of international sport events was examined with the help of time-series intervention analysis after cyclical and seasonal components were removed. Intervention analysis was based on the ARIMA model. Results: Our results showed that only the Olympic Games had a significant effect in the middle-aged population. Neither in the older male nor in any of the female age groups was a relationship between suicide and Olympic Games detected. Conclusion: The Olympic Games seem to decrease the rate of suicide among middle-aged men, slightly but significantly.

Older workers in the Russian labor market: Trends in employment reallocation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Anna L. Lukyanova ◽  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Intellectual Labor ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Trade Education ◽  
The One

The paper analyzes changes in job opportunities of older workers in Russia in the period 2005—2017. The study uses the data from the Russian Labor Force Survey conducted by Rosstat. Changes in the occupational and industrial composition of elderly workers follow the trends pursued by other age groups: employment shifts from low- to high-skilled occupations, from physical to intellectual labor, and from material production to the service sector. We find a stronger polarization among older workers as their occupational structure is biased in favor of, on the one hand, the most and, on the other hand, the least qualified types of jobs. Employment of the elderly has fallen sharply in agriculture and manufacturing with a significant increase in trade, education, and health. Although the employment structure of older workers is generally more “traditionalist”, recent decades have witnessed its transformation in “progressive” directions, similarly to other age groups. These findings suggest that the legislated increase in the state retirement age is not likely to give rise to sizeable unemployment among the elderly. Most of them will be able to work in the occupations and industries previously dominated by young and prime-age workers.

ESP corpus design: compilation of the Veterinary Nursing Medical Chart Corpus and the Veterinary Nursing Wordlist

Corpora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Yukiko Ohashi ◽  
Noriaki Katagiri ◽  
Katsutoshi Oka ◽  
Michiko Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Word List ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Regular Expressions ◽  
Annotation Scheme ◽  
Corpus Design ◽  
As Species ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
General Service

This paper reports on two research results: ( 1) designing an English for Specific Purposes (esp) corpus architecture complete with annotations structured by regular expressions; and ( 2) a case study to test the design to cater for creating a specific vocabulary list using the compiled corpus. The first half of this study involved designing a precisely structured esp corpus from 190 veterinary medical charts with a hierarchy of the data. The data hierarchy in the corpus consists of document types, outline elements and inline elements, such as species and breed. Perl scripts extracted the data attached to veterinary-specific categories, and the extraction led to creating wordlists. The second part of the research tested the corpus mode, creating a list of commonly observed lexical items in veterinary medicine. The coverage rate of the wordlists by General Service List (gsl) and Academic Word List (awl) was tested, with the result that 66.4 percent of all lexical items appeared in gsl and awl, whereas 33.7 percent appeared in none of those lists. The corpus compilation procedures as well as the annotation scheme introduced in this study enable the compilation of specific corpora with explicit annotations, allowing teachers to have access to data required for creating esp classroom materials.

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1472
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kobus ◽  
Jolanta Małyszko ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Common Cause

Introduction: In the elderly, impairment of kidney function occurs. Renal diseases overlap with anatomic and functional changes related to age-related involutionary processes. Mortality among patients with acute renal injury is approximately 50%, despite advances in treatment and diagnosis of AKI. The aim: To assess the incidence of acute kidney injury in elderly patients and to analyze the causes of acute renal failure depending on age. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis included medical documentation of patients hospitalized in the Nephrology Clinic during the 6-month period. During this period 452 patients were hospitalized in the clinic. A group of 77 patients with acute renal failure as a reason for hospitalization was included in the study. Results: The prerenal form was the most common cause of AKI in both age groups. In both age groups, the most common cause was dehydration; in the group of patients up to 65 years of age, dehydration was 29.17%; in the group of people over 65 years - 43.39%. Renal replacement therapy in patients with AKI was used in 14.29% of patients. In the group of patients up to 65 years of age hemodialysis was 16.67% and above 65 years of age. -13.21% of patients. The average creatinine level in the group of younger patients at admission was 5.16 ± 3.71 mg / dl, in the group of older patients 3.14 ± 1.63 mg / dl. The size of glomerular filtration GFR in the group of younger patients at admission was 21.14 ± 19.54 ml / min, in the group of older patients 23.34 ± 13.33 ml / min. Conclusions: The main cause of acute kidney injury regardless of the age group was dehydration. Due to the high percentage of AKI in the elderly, this group requires more preventive action, not only in the hospital but also at home.

Field Methods for Studying the Radiation Situation in the Area of the Belarusian NPP in the Pre-Operational Period

ANRI ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ekidin ◽  
Aleksey Vasil'ev ◽  
Maksim Vasyanovich ◽  
Evgeniy Nazarov ◽  
Mariya Pyshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Radiation Monitoring ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
External Radiation ◽  
Field Methods

The article presents the results of field studies in the area of the Belarusian NPP in the pre-operational period. The «background» contents of gamma-emitting radionuclides in individual components of the environment are determined. The main array of dose rate measurements in the area of the NPP construction site is in the range 0.048 ÷ 0.089 μSv/h. External radiation in the surveyed area is formed at 96% due to 40K, 226Ra and 232Th. The information obtained can be used to correctly interpret the data of future radiation monitoring during normal operation of nuclear power plants.

A new medical Internet system in healthcare: innovation of Telegeriatrics and healthcare demands of older patients of different age groups (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gong ◽  
Jianyuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Model

BACKGROUND Healthcare for older patients is a worldwide challenge for public health system. A new medical Internet system in healthcare which is a new model of telegeriatrics system has been established. The key innovation is the new telegeriatrics system was conducted jointly by general practitioners in the Community Health Service Center and specialists in university teaching hospital. Unlike the typical telemedicine that has been practiced in other countries, the new model provides a solution for the key issues in telemedicine where a doctor is unable to conduct a direct physical examination and the associated potential diagnostic error. OBJECTIVE This study is to introduce the operation mechanism of the new Telegeriatrics system and analyze healthcare demands of older patients in different age groups applying the new Telegeriatrics system. METHODS 472 older patients (aged≥60) were enrolled and divided into the young older group (aged 60 to 74), the old older group (aged 75 to 89) and the very old group (aged≥90) according to the age stratification of World Health Organization. Proportion of the top 10 diseases of older patients of different age groups was analyzed. RESULTS The process of older patients’ diagnosis and treatment made by specialist and general practitioners formed a closed loop. It ensures the timeliness and effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of older patients. The treatment effect can be observed by general practitioners and specialist can adjust the treatment plan in time. In this study, it was found that older patients in different age groups have different healthcare demands. Coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus were found to be the main diseases of the older patients and the young older patients as well as the old older patients applying Telegeriatrics. CONCLUSIONS The new telegeriatrics system can provide convenient and efficient healthcare services for older patients and overcome the disadvantage of currently used models of telegeriatrics. Older patients in different age groups have different medical care demands. Cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases have become the main diseases of the elderly applying the new Telegeriatrics system. Healthcare policy makers should invest more medical resources to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases in the elderly.

Big Data Driven Clinical Informatics & Surveillance (BDD_CIS) – A Multimodal Database Focused Clinical, Community, and Multi-Omics Surveillance Plan for COVID-19: A study Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bankole Olatosi ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
Sharon Weissman ◽  
Zhenlong Li ◽  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Patient Registries ◽  
Multiple Partner ◽  
Multimodal Data

BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remains a serious global pandemic. Currently, all age groups are at risk for infection but the elderly and persons with underlying health conditions are at higher risk of severe complications. In the United States (US), the pandemic curve is rapidly changing with over 6,786,352 cases and 199,024 deaths reported. South Carolina (SC) as of 9/21/2020 reported 138,624 cases and 3,212 deaths across the state. OBJECTIVE The growing availability of COVID-19 data provides a basis for deploying Big Data science to leverage multitudinal and multimodal data sources for incremental learning. Doing this requires the acquisition and collation of multiple data sources at the individual and county level. METHODS The population for the comprehensive database comes from statewide COVID-19 testing surveillance data (March 2020- till present) for all SC COVID-19 patients (N≈140,000). This project will 1) connect multiple partner data sources for prediction and intelligence gathering, 2) build a REDCap database that links de-identified multitudinal and multimodal data sources useful for machine learning and deep learning algorithms to enable further studies. Additional data will include hospital based COVID-19 patient registries, Health Sciences South Carolina (HSSC) data, data from the office of Revenue and Fiscal Affairs (RFA), and Area Health Resource Files (AHRF). RESULTS The project was funded as of June 2020 by the National Institutes for Health. CONCLUSIONS The development of such a linked and integrated database will allow for the identification of important predictors of short- and long-term clinical outcomes for SC COVID-19 patients using data science.

France

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Askenazy ◽  
Bruno Palier
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Household Income ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Rich Countries

This chapter describes France as apparently one of the few rich countries to have avoided a significant increase in income inequality in recent decades. However, stable average inequalities mask an asymmetric trend of income between age groups, the elderly improving their situation while the young see theirs worsening. Furthermore, it shows that behind this relatively still surface, a general trend of precarization of more and more ordinary workers is occurring. The importance of wage-setting processes and of regulation of the labour market is brought out, together with the way the tax and transfer systems have operated, in restraining the forces driving inequality upwards. Wage growth, while limited, has thus been reasonably uniform across the distribution and together with the redistributive system have kept household income inequality within bounds. However, in response to high unemployment both regulatory and tax–transfer systems have served to underpin the very rapid growth in precarious working over the last decade, representing a very serious challenge for policy.

scholarly journals A Pharmacological Analysis of the Activity and Failure of the Medical Treatment of High-Grade Osteosarcoma

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Alessandro Comandone ◽  
Antonella Boglione ◽  
Tiziana Comandone ◽  
Fausto Petrelli
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Secondary Resistance ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
High Grade Osteosarcoma ◽  
Effective Drugs

Osteosarcomas (OSs) are a group of neoplasms originating from bone cells, usually presenting in three specific age groups: children, young adults, and the elderly. High-grade OS is an extremely malignant tumor mainly due to evolution into metastatic disease, usually in the lungs. Survival of these patients has improved since the 1980s thanks to close cooperation between oncologists, oncological surgeons and orthopedic surgeons. Unfortunately, no progress has been made in the last 30 years and new, more effective drugs are needed. This article reviews the biological and pharmacological basis of the treatment of OS. Models of clinical pharmacology of the active drugs, toxic effects and reasons for primary and secondary resistance to old and new drugs are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document