scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SPANISH INQUISITION ON ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

Author(s):  
RASYIDAH ARSHAD ◽  
SYAIDATUN NAZIRAH ABU ZAHRIN ◽  
NURUL SHAHIRAH ABDUL SAMAD

The Spanish Inquisition was established as an official body blessed by the Roman Catholic Church, because the Catholic rulers Isabella and Ferdinand were determined to rid Spain of any heretics or non-Catholics. The greatest impact of the inquisition was the banishment of Islam from Spain. Spain has been a vibrant civilization for six centuries, serving as the shield of other religions. There was no divine guidance left untouched, or even a small group of believers left. It has resulted in Islam being delayed in Christian Europe for several decades. Even though Muslims have come to Europe in the last two centuries, Islam has been practiced as a personal religion of worship and prayer, but never as a government that has protected and enriched the lives of all religions, as we have seen during the Muslim rule of Andalusia. The aim of this paper is specifically to discuss the policies of the Spanish Inquisition on the Muslims in Andalusia. Muslim policies are discussed in great depth compared to other groups, because they were the majority and most resistant to policies. The analysis of the impact of the Inquisition is important to understand how Islam was eradicated from the Spanish society and later re-emerged as a significant presence in Spain.

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Erik Sidenvall

The greatness of John Henry Newman’s Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine has been acknowledged many times since it was first published in 1845. Its international repute was secured by the beginning of the twentieth century; for example, the future Archbishop of Uppsala, Nathan Söderblom, writing on the modernist movement, described it and its author in 1910 as ‘the most significant theological work, written by England’s foremost theologian, and together with Leo XIII, the most important man in the Roman Catholic Church during the last century’. This estimation is confirmed by the impact Newman’s book has had on twentieth-century theology. One recent observer has judged that it is ‘significant, less for its positive arguments … [than] for its method of approach to the whole problem of Christian doctrine in its relation to the New Testament’. In other words, Newman’s book touches on a central topic of modern theology.


2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN GIRVIN

When Ireland became independent in 1922 there was widespread support for the imposition of a moral order that reflected Catholic teaching. This was remarkably successful: divorce was outlawed while contraception was prohibited as part of this process. The consensus on moral issues was challenged for the first time during the 1970s. The legalisation of contraception became the main battlefield between conservatives and liberals. This article analyses successive attempts to change policy and discusses the impact of social and political change in a homogeneous Catholic state. Ireland remained a predominantly religious country and the Roman Catholic Church wielded considerable influence. The controversy over contraception challenged the Church's authority and the society's deeply embedded moral values. For the first time, Irish politics was divided on matters of church and state. Resolution came in 1979, however the legislation reflected the continuing influence of the bishops on policy making. It also highlighted the caution of politicians who remained reluctant to act. In contrast to elsewhere in Western Europe, the legislation was not a turning point but an example of conservative retrenchment. The legislation generated a conservative backlash that successfully imposed traditional Catholic values on Irish society during the 1980s. The main sources used are the archives of the Departments of Justice and Health.


2009 ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V. Stockiy

In recent years, the study of this problem has received considerable attention in both Ukrainian and Polish historiography, which is connected, on the one hand, with the deportation of Ukrainians from Poland and Poles from Ukraine, and, on the other, with the loss of confessional presence, including property. , these two denominations in Western Ukraine in 1944-1946. Both the first and the second are related to the policy of the State power of the Stalin regime. The echo of these events reminded itself in the late 1980s - in the first half of the 1990s - of the apogee years of interfaith confrontation in Ukraine and still echoes today, activating these 60-year-old events. Therefore, given the Ukrainian and Polish historiography of the study, it is appropriate to cover this issue in more detail. This is the relevance of our article. In this context, the author used sources already available in our time in the archives of Lviv, Ternopil, and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, which have not yet been fully explored by researchers. This made it possible to reproduce the confessional transformations of the Roman Catholic Church and the Armenian Catholic Church in a broader and more detailed way and to show the impact on this process of state power, which was the purpose of the study.


Author(s):  
Simon Yarrow

‘Saints in the modern world’ considers the impact of the Enlightenment and industrialization on sainthood. Canonizations continued throughout the Enlightenment period, though not in great numbers. The new saints were fairly conventional figures, reflecting an ecclesiastical approach tempered by moderation and reason. For most of the 20th century the Roman Catholic Church canonized relatively few saints; 158 saints were made between 1846 and 1978. Since then more than 1,000 saints have been canonized, mainly during the pontificates of John Paul II and Francis. It concludes that as well as being a force for social cohesion, the cult of saints can reflect asymmetries and tensions within faith communities.


Exchange ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Lieve Troch

AbstractThis article presents a survey of the latest developments in the religious world of Brazil. The author discusses the newest developments in the Roman Catholic Church moving from an orientation on the liberation theology towards an approach directed to a more individual perception of faith. Furthermore she pays attention to Candomblé, the religion of many blacks in Brazil, the roots of which can be traced to Africa, to New Age and to the Pentecostal churches. A very interesting phenomenon is the impact of the scholars. From the religious point of view Brazil is a very interesting country because of the ecclesiogenesis taking place in the country, an emergence of new churches and religious movements.


2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anna Stafecka

Latvian dialects in the 21st century: old and new borders Although historical regional dialects are still relatively well preserved in Latvia, nowadays one can no longer speak of dialects and sub-dialects in the traditional sense because, due to changes of administrative borders, the traditional sub-dialects are subject to attrition and gradual loss. In particular, the contact zone of Central and High Latvian dialect has changed markedly. The border of High Latvian dialect has moved to the east. Since 2013, a project “Latvian Dialects in the 21st Century: a Socio­linguistic Aspect” is being carried out in order to gain an insight into contemporary Latvian dialect situation, analyzing at least three sub-dialects in each dialect.However, we can speak of dialect borders in another aspect. For instance, the borders between the preservation of dialectal features and the impact of standard language, as well as the borders of maintenance of sub-dialectal feature among the speakers of different age groups. Attention is also paid to the use of sub-dialects in central and peripheral parts of territories. The first research results showed that people who live further from the centre use the sub-dialect more often – especially in communication with family members (including the younger generation), relatives and neighbours.The preliminary results show a different situation among dialects. In the sub-dialects of the Middle dialect, which is closest to Standard Latvian, the borderline between sub-dialect and standard language has almost disappeared, since the infor­mants practically do not feel any difference between them.In the Livonianized dialect, there are several features that are still more or less present in the speech of all generations – generalization of masculine gender, reduc­tion of word endings, etc. However, in this dialect, too, the language used by younger speakers is gradually losing the dialectal features.The situation differs in various sub-dialect groups of High Latvian dialect. The Selonian sub-dialects spoken in Zemgale show traces of dialectal features (syllable tones, irregular vowel shifts, etc.); they are found mainly in the speech of older generation. The Latgalian sub-dialects in Vidzeme are mainly spoken by older respondents and usually among family members; while in public spaces the sub-dialects practi­cally cannot be heard. However, many dialectal features have been retained in the speech of middle and even younger generations. The most stable are the sub-dialects spoken in Latgale because of their use not only in everyday speech but also in cultural activities. The presence of the Latgalian written language, too, helps to maintain local sub-dialects; it is also used in Roman Catholic church services in Latgale. In Latgale, the sub-dialects are spoken by all generations. However, the younger people sometimes use the standard language to communicate among themselves.This study provides new facts and might be the basis for further research. It might allow to predict the development of native language and its dialects as an important component of national and local identity respectively. Comparative analysis of mate­rial acquired at different periods allows us to conclude which dialectal features are more viable and which are more likely to change and disappear. Dialekty łotewskie w wieku XXI: stare i nowe granice Choć na Łotwie wciąż stosunkowo dobrze zachowały się historyczne dialekty lokalne, nie można już obecnie mówić o dialektach i gwarach w tradycyjnym znaczeniu. Zmiany granic administracyjnych sprawiły bowiem, że tradycyjne gwary ulegają dziś zatarciu i stopniowo zanikają. Znacząco zmieniło się zwłaszcza usytuowanie strefy styku dialektów środkowego i górnołotewskiego; granica zasięgu tego ostatniego przesunęła się na wschód. Kwestiom tym poświęcono projekt „Dialekty łotewskie w XXI wieku: aspekt socjolingwistyczny”, w ramach którego od 2013 r. badana jest sytuacja socjolingwistyczna gwar na współczesnej Łotwie. Analizowane są przynajmniej trzy gwary w obrębie każdego z dialektów.Pojęcie granicy ma jednak zastosowanie do opisu innych aspektów badań dialektologicznych. Można na przykład mówić o granicy między zachowaniem cech dialektów a wpływami języka literackiego, jak również o granicach podtrzymywania cech gwarowych w mowie użytkowników należących do różnych grup wiekowych. Badaniu poddano także kwestię używania gwar w centralnych i peryferyjnych częściach rejonu ich występowania. Wstępne wyniki sugerują, że ludzie mieszkający dalej od centrum używają gwary częściej – zwłaszcza w komunikacji z członkami rodziny (w tym z młodszego pokolenia), z krewnymi i z sąsiadami.Wstępne wyniki badań wskazują także na zróżnicowaną sytuację poszczególnych dialektów. Na obszarze występowania gwar dialektu środkowego, najbliższego literackiej łotewszczyźnie, niemal zanikło rozgraniczenie między gwarami a językiem literackim, skoro różnicy takiej nie odczuwają sami informatorzy.W dialekcie liwońskim występuje kilka cech dialektalnych, obecnych jeszcze w większym lub mniejszym stopniu w mowie wszystkich pokoleń, jak uogólnienie rodzaju męskiego czy redukcja wygłosu. Jednakże i tutaj język, którym posługują się młodsi użytkownicy, stopniowo traci cechy dialektalne.Inna sytuacja panuje w grupach gwarowych dialektu górnołotewskiego. Gwary seloń­skie z Semigalii wykazują ślady cech dialektalnych (tonalność sylab, nieregularne przesu­nięcia samogłosek itd.); występują one przede wszystkim w mowie starszego pokolenia. Gwarami łatgalskimi z Widzeme posługują się z kolei głównie starsi respondenci, zwykle w gronie najbliższej rodziny; gwar tych praktycznie nie słyszy się natomiast w przestrzeni publicznej. Wiele cech dialektalnych zachowało się tu jednak także w mowie średniego, a nawet młodszego pokolenia. Najstabilniejsze okazały się gwary Łatgalii, co wiąże się z ich użyciem nie tylko w mowie codziennej, lecz również w działalności kulturalnej. Zacho­waniu gwar sprzyja także istnienie łatgalskiego języka pisanego, jak również używanie miejscowego języka podczas nabożeństw Kościoła katolickiego. Wszystko to sprawia, że w Łatgalii gwarami posługują się przedstawiciele wszystkich pokoleń. Jednakże i tutaj ludzie młodsi niekiedy komunikują się między sobą w języku literackim.Studium to jest prezentacją nowych danych i jako takie może stanowić podstawę dalszych badań. Badania takie mogłyby umożliwić prognozowanie tego, jak rozwijać się będą język łotewski oraz jego dialekty jako ważne składniki odpowiednio narodowej i lokalnej tożsamości Łotyszy. Analiza porównawcza materiałów zebranych w różnych okresach pozwala na wyciąganie wniosków co do tego, które cechy dialektalne wyka­zują większą żywotność, które zaś prawdopodobnie ulegną zmianie lub zanikowi.


2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
J. M. De Bujanda

L’invention de l’imprimerie au XVe siècle s’avère un puissant facteur de diffusion des idées dont se servent les autorités civiles et religieuses ainsi que le mouvement humaniste. Quand au XVIe siècle l’imprimerie devient le principal moyen de diffusion de la Réforme protestante, les autorités ecclésiastiques et civiles qui restent fidèles à l’Église romaine essaient d’empêcher l’impression, la vente, la possession et la lecture des ouvrages hétérodoxes. C’est ainsi qu’on assiste à la parution des premières listes des ouvrages et des auteurs condamnés, désignés comme index des livres interdits. Cette pratique de la Contre-réforme officialisée par le Concile de Trente est d’une importance toute particulière au XVIe siècle. Elle devient par la suite une arme importante pour défendre le catholicisme contre ses ennemis extérieurs et intérieurs et se perpétue jusqu’au concile Vatican II, au milieu du XXe siècle. Pendant une quarantaine d’années, le Centre d’Études de la Renaissance de l’Université de Sherbrooke a consacré de nombreuses recherches à l’étude des index du XVIe siècle et des index postérieurs publiés par l’Inquisition espagnole et par les Congrégations romaines de l’Index et du Saint-Office. Ces recherches ont donné lieu à plusieurs publications dont les 12 volumes de la collection Index des livres interdits. The invention of printing in the fifteenth century was an important factor in the dissemination of ideas that served civic and religious authorities as well as the humanist movement. When, in the sixteenth century, printing became the primary means of spreading the Protestant Reformation, civic and ecclesiastical authorities who remained faithful to the Roman Catholic church attempted to halt the printing, sale, possession, and reading of heterodox works. It is thus that we witness the birth of the first lists of forbidden books and authors, which were given the title “Index of Prohibited Books.” This Counter-Reformation practice, formalized by the Council of Trent, was of particular importance in the sixteenth century. It became, over time, an important means of defending Catholicism against its external and internal enemies, and the practice continued until Vatican II in the mid-twentieth century. Over the past four decades, the Centre d’Études de la Renaissance de l’Université de Sherbrooke has devoted many studies to the indices of the sixteenth century and to those published later by the Spanish Inquisition and by the Roman Curia’s Congregations for the Index and for the Holy Office. This research has produced many publications, in particular the twelve volumes of the collection Index des livres interdits.


Author(s):  
C. Michael Shea

Chapter 7 examines the impact that Newman’s theory of development had upon Perrone and others in Rome. This influence was displayed in a public lecture that Perrone gave in Rome, when he proposed Newman’s thought as an answer to perceived threats facing the Church. The chapter explores traces of the Essay on Development in Perrone’s 1847 book on the Immaculate Conception, and later in Perrone’s 1854 book on Protestantism and the rule of faith. The chapter examines the impact that Perrone’s thought had in Rome and throughout the Church during this time, and in deliberations leading up to the bull Ineffabilis, which promulgated the decree of the Immaculate Conception in 1854. The evidence shows how Newman’s theory had an important impact upon the Roman Catholic Church, affecting the language that the Church came to use in referring to doctrinal change in history.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document