scholarly journals Masculinity and Rape in Spanish Cinema: Representation and Collective Imaginary

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Virginia Guarinos ◽  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Labella Martín
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Young Audiences ◽  
Spanish Cinema ◽  
Know How ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Narrative Perspective ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Commercial cinema in Spain, as in the rest of the world, has gone to great lengths to describe visually, without any intention of protest, each and every one of the forms of violence against women: physical, psychological, financial, social and, lastly, sexual. Beyond insinuating and intimidating compliments and gazes, sexual violence is something that is excepted in scripts, even in those of famous directors who create powerful female characters. The aim of this paper is to know how the Spanish directors, of both sexes, represent the topic of sexual violence, paying attention to the masculinity of the characters. To this end, a content analysis was performed on twelve films from a narrative perspective. In a second stage, employing methodological triangulation and a questionnaire as a quantitative tool, university students were asked about how they perceived the scenes of sexual violence in these films. The results show, on one side, that rape is the act of sexual violence more represented and, on the other hand, a lack of awareness about the treatment of rape in Spanish cinema, as well as its rejection by young audiences.

scholarly journals Physical, sexual and psychological intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence against women and girls: a systematic review protocol for producing global, regional and country estimates

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045574
Author(s):  
Heidi Stöckl ◽  
Lynnmarie Sardinha ◽  
Mathieu Maheu-Giroux ◽  
Sarah R Meyer ◽  
Claudia García-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Forms Of Violence

IntroductionIn 2013, the WHO published the first global and regional estimates on physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) based on a systematic review of population-based prevalence studies. In this protocol, we describe a new systematic review for the production of updated estimates for IPV and NPSV for global monitoring of violence against women, including providing the baseline for measuring Sustainable Development Goal to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will update and extend the previous search for population-based surveys (either nationally or subnationally representative) conducted among women aged 15+ years that measured the prevalence of physical, sexual, psychological and physical and/or sexual IPV, NPSV or sexual violence by any perpetrator up to December 2019. Data will be extracted separately for all age groups, setting (urban/rural), partnership status (currently partnered/ever partnered/all women) and recall period (lifetime prevalence/past 12 months). Studies will be identified from electronic searches of online databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Global Health and PsycInfo. A search of national statistics office homepages will be conducted for each country to identify reports on population-based, national or subnational studies that include data on IPV or NPSV published outside academic journals. Two reviewers will be involved in quality assessment and data extraction of the review. The review is planned to be updated on a continuous basis. All findings will undergo a country consultation process.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected. This systematic review will provide a basis and a follow-up tool for global monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal Target 5.2 on the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017054100.

Violence, Development, and Canada’s New Transnational Jurisprudence

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Guyol-Meinrath Echeverry
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Corporate Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Forms Of Violence

For decades, Canadian-based corporate development projects have been linked to acts of violence in countries all over the world. These acts include sexual violence, destruction of property, community displacement, the use of forced labor, and other forms of violence. While Canada has repeatedly failed to pass legislation holding Canadian-based corporations accountable for human rights abuses committed abroad, Canadian courts are increasingly asserting their jurisdiction over cases of development-related violence. Analyzing two ongoing court cases—Caal v. Hudbay, regarding sexual violence in Guatemala, and Araya v. Nevsun, regarding forced labor in Eritrea— this article examines the potential and limits of law to address the bureaucratic mechanisms and grounded experiences of corporate-development-related violence, and the changing relationship between states, corporations, law, and human rights in the modern global era.

scholarly journals Variation in the Prevalence of Domestic Violence between Neighboring Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Nouhjah ◽  
Seyed Mahmood Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Domestic violence against women is an important health issue, but few studies have focused on city of residence and ethnic differences. To estimate the prevalence of various forms of domestic violence and certain related factors, with a specific focus on city of residence and ethnicity, we studied 1820 married women attending public health centers in 4 large cities in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Islamic Republic of Iran. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection. The prevalence of some forms of lifetime domestic violence against women was 47.3%. The prevalence of physical, psychological, and any form of lifetime violence was the highest in Dezful (25.7%, 54.8%, and 57.7%, resp.). For sexual violence, the highest prevalence was reported in Ahvaz (17.7%). The highest prevalence of physical and sexual violence during any point of life was reported by Arab women (25.1% and 16.7%). The experience of all forms of violence was significantly associated with city of residence. Results of regression logistic analysis revealed that all of the forms of violence except psychological violence were statistically significantly associated with ethnicity (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Effects of Violence Against Women in Suqûth al-Imâm by Nawal el-Sa’dâwi: A Radical Feminism Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Radical Feminism ◽  
Female Character ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Effects Of Violence ◽  
Forms Of Violence

This study aims to describe the forms and effects of violence experienced by the main female character in Suqûth Al-Imâm by Nawal El-Sa’dawi. As a woman, el-Sa’dâwi has a high sensitivity in describing the feelings of a woman experiencing violence. The method used to uncover the forms and effects of violence on women in this novel is descriptive qualitative. The data displayed are words, phrases, sentences, and discourses that contain elements of violence against women. Applying the style of radical feminism in analyzing the data, this research shows that, first, the forms of violence against the main character are physical, psychological and sexual violence; second, the effects of violence experienced by the main character are physical injury, psychological disorders, and behavioral disorders. Thus, it concludes that repeated violence against women may result in prolonged suffering and is not acceptable to women both physically and mentally.

scholarly journals Prevalence of domestic violence against women in informal settlements in Mumbai, India: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e042444
Author(s):  
Nayreen Daruwalla ◽  
Suman Kanougiya ◽  
Apoorwa Gupta ◽  
Lu Gram ◽  
David Osrin
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women ◽  
Forms Of Violence

ObjectivesDomestic violence against women harms individuals, families, communities and society. Perpetrated by intimate partners or other family members, its overlapping forms include physical, sexual and emotional violence, control and neglect. We aimed to describe the prevalence of these forms of violence and their perpetrators in informal settlements in Mumbai.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTwo large urban informal settlement areas.Participants5122 women aged 18–49 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence and perpetrators in the last year of physical, sexual and emotional domestic violence, coercive control and neglect. For each of these forms of violence, responses to questions about individual acts and composite estimates.ResultsIn the last year, 644 (13%) women had experienced physical domestic violence, 188 (4%) sexual violence and 963 (19%) emotional violence. Of ever-married women, 13% had experienced physical or sexual intimate partner violence in the last year. Most physical (87%) and sexual violence (99%) was done by partners, but emotional violence equally involved marital family members. All three forms of violence were more common if women were younger, in the lowest socioeconomic asset quintile or reported disability. 1816 women (35%) had experienced at least one instance of coercive control and 33% said that they were afraid of people in their home. 10% reported domestic neglect of their food, sleep, health or children’s health.ConclusionsDomestic violence against women remains common in urban informal settlements. Physical and sexual violence were perpetrated mainly by intimate partners, but emotional violence was attributed equally to partners and marital family. More than one-third of women described controlling behaviours perpetrated by both intimate partners and marital family members. We emphasise the need to include the spectrum of perpetrators and forms of domestic violence—particularly emotional violence and coercive control—in data gathering.Trial registration numberISRCTN84502355; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Domestic Violence

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Nasreen Aslam Shah ◽  
Syed Faisal Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Colombian Women ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Domestic violence is prevailing all over the world rapidly. In Mexico City for example, one in three women report violence from the spouse or partner .Another study shows that one out of every five Colombian women were beaten by the partner. . Domestic violence has not only one dimension but it has many types like marital rape, stalking, harassing, honor killings etc which existed in almost all countries in different forms of violence. The increasing ratio of violence also demonstrates that male still think women their subordinate. The major reasons behind increasing violence are imbalances in society and inequalities in gender relationships. The methodology used in the research based on content analysis of news on domestic violence against women from their male partners/spouses published in newspapers.

scholarly journals Violence against women with disabilities

Temida ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Jelena Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Victims Of Violence

Research have shown that women with disabilities are among the most vulnerable members of our society. Also, research suggested that they are at the same or higher risk of victimization by psychological/ emotional, physical and sexual violence in comparison to women without disabilities. Often perceived as 'easy' target, they easily become victims of violence commited by strangers, but also by persons on whom they physically, emotionally or economically depend: husbands/ intimate partners, family members, friends, acquaintances, caregivers and the institution staff in which they have treatment and/or rehabilitation. Frequently, violence is repeated, while women, who are revictimized more than once, often for years, remain alone. Institutions and organizations which should offer help and support to victims of violence and crime in general, usually fail to respond effectively to needs of victims with disability. The subject of the paper is violence against women with disabilities, whereas purpose is to point out the scope of violence against women with disabilities in the world and region. The author has explored available research about these topic and in addition to the scope, also presented key characteristics of the violence and capability of mainstream services to respond to needs of women with disabilities who have experienced abuse.

Sexual Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Mona Lena Krook
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
The Political ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Political Realm

Chapter 14 provides an overview of sexual forms of violence against women in politics. Sexual violence comprises a host of unwanted behaviors targeting a person’s sexuality and sexual characteristics, ranging from non-consensual physical contact to unwelcome verbal conduct of a sexual nature. Whether involving a single incident or a pattern of behavior, sexual violence violates human dignity, communicating a message of domination and disrespect. Employed to display, gain, or maintain power, sexual violence can also create a hostile work environment, interrupting and potentially undermining women’s labors and contributions. Recent interventions around the world, especially in the wake of the #MeToo movement, seek to deepen emerging understandings that sexual violence is pervasive but unacceptable in the political realm by working to raise awareness, pursue sanctions, and devise preventative measures to expose and combat sexual violence in its various forms.

scholarly journals “If You Are Born a Girl in This Crisis, You Are Born a Problem”: Patterns and Drivers of Violence Against Women and Girls in Conflict-Affected South Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122199646
Author(s):  
Mary Ellsberg ◽  
Maureen Murphy ◽  
Alexandra Blackwell ◽  
Mairi Macrae ◽  
Dashakti Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Bride Price ◽  
Forms Of Violence

This article presents the results of a qualitative study on the context and different forms of violence committed against women and girls in South Sudan. The study documents many forms of sexual and physical violence against women and girls in South Sudan, including conflict-related sexual violence, intimate partner violence, nonpartner sexual violence, child and forced marriage, and abduction. Violence occurred during three overarching contexts: armed conflict, gender inequality, and the economic crisis. The custom of bride price, combined with the economic crisis, is a key driver of many other forms of violence.

The Effect of Different Forms of Violence on Women’s Attitudes Toward Gender Equality and Decision-Making Capacity

Affilia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
Jeyle Ortiz Rodriguez ◽  
Esteban Picazzo Palencia ◽  
Elías Alvarado Lagunas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Economic Violence ◽  
Forms Of Violence

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of different forms of violence on Mexican women’s attitudes and decision-making capacity. Specifically, attitudes toward gender equality are included as a mediator between violence and women’s decision-making capacity. Results reveal that attitudes are a partial mediator between physical, sexual, and psychological violence and women’s decision-making capacity. While physical, economic, and sexual violence negatively affect women’s decision-making capacity, economic violence against women increases their involvement in decision-making.

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