Damage levels caused by Capulinia linarosae Kondo & Gullan (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on guava crops under two agronomic management practices in the south of lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis of no difference in the level of damage caused by the guava cottony scale Capulinia linarosae (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in two guava crops under different agronomic management practices: a crop whose management practices tend to be organic (PUA) was compared with another subjected to chemical methods (PUB). Forty plants in each farm were selected randomly to estimate damage on stems, branches, leaves, and fruits. Levels of damage were statistically different (P<0.0001) between the control methods for stems and branches, but not for leaves or fruits (P>0.05). It was concluded that the magnitude of damage is greater in the crop under chemical control and that agronomic management is a critical factor. Excess of insecticides and incorrect application of pruning causes damage to the plant’s bark and favor the insect proliferation. While the use of a sulfur-calcium broth in PUA regulates pH, favors the effect of other products and promotes the growth of green algae which cover bark crevices avoiding the cottony scale establishment. The excessive use of agrochemicals for weed control in UPB causes soil nudity and kills natural enemies, whereas in the UPA grass layer is clipped at 20 cm on the soil maintaining its moisture and creating habitat favorable to natural enemies.

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Weed Management in Small Grains Harvested for Grain

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-wg009-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jason Ferrell ◽

Gregory MacDonald ◽

Pratap Devkota

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Management Practices ◽

Good Management ◽

Small Grains ◽

Crop Competition

Successful weed control in small grains involves using good management practices in all phases of production. In Florida, winter weeds compete with small grains for moisture, nutrients, and light, with the greatest amount of competition occurring during the first six to eight weeks after planting. Weeds also cause harvest problems the following spring when the small grain is mature. This 4-page publication discusses crop competition, knowing your weeds, and chemical control. Written by J. A. Ferrell, G. E. MacDonald, and P. Devkota, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised May 2020.

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Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.28941/pjwsr.v27i1.892 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 51-66

Author(s):

Haseeb Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Control Methods ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

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Weed control methods and coffee shrub residue effects on carbon stocks in a Latosol under conservation management practices

Agronomy Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.33158/asb.2016v2i2p68 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Bruno Henrique Martins ◽

Cezar Francisco Araujo Junior ◽

Mario Miyazawa ◽

Karen Mayara Vieira ◽

Carlos Alberto Hamanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Humic Substances ◽

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Methods ◽

C Stocks ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Split Plot

Weed control methods in coffee crops can significantly influence carbon (C) stocks of soil humic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate C stocks in an experimental coffee crop submitted to conservation agriculture for weed control between coffee rows. The study was carried out in a very clayey Dystroferric Red Latosol, Londrina, Paraná state (23°21’30” S; 51°10’17” W), cultivated with cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 379-19. In 2008, the experiment was established as randomized block design with four replicates within split-split plot scheme. Seven weed control methods between coffee rows were considered (hand weeding; portable mechanical mower; herbicides application; two cover crops; weed check and spontaneous). In September 2013, coffee shrub pruning was conducted and residues were distributed along inter rows. The weed control methods were considered as the main-plot factor and sampling period (March 2014 and February 2015) as the split-plot. Soil samples were collected at the center of the inter rows at four depth increments. C stocks evaluation included total organic carbon determination by chromic acid wet oxidation. Humic substances were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Most of the considered weed control methods did not affect organic carbon storage in 0 – 40 cm layer, nevertheless led to increase at topsoil. In 2015, the humin fraction C stock was 54 % higher at superficial layer than subsequent depth, presenting 39 % average increase at the 2014/2015 interval. Although C stocks from humic and fulvic acids did not vary, more conjugated/condensed characteristic for the fulvic fraction was observed.

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Effect of weed management practices and organic sources of nitrogen supplementation on weed density and yield of wheat

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v27i1pp55-60 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bhupesh Kumar Mishra ◽

Santosh Pandey

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Control Methods ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Density ◽

Hand Weeding

The different weed control methods (two hand weeding at 25 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) and one hand weeding at 25 DAS along with unweeded control ), organic sources of nitrogen (vermicompost, poultry manure, city manure and FYM) and their interaction were compared for their efficiency on various weed species and yield of wheat. Two hand weeding (W2) gave significantly maximum weed control. This was followed by one hand weeding at 25 DAS and control. These weed control methods significantly enhanced the yield and yield components of wheat. Among organic sources of nitrogen vermicompost (M1) recorded minimum weed density, weed dry weight and maximum yield, followed by poultry manure, city manure and FYM.

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Comparison of mechanical, biological and chemical methods for controlling Black cherry (Prunus serotina) in Flanders (Belgium)

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v62i0.848 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. Van den Meersschaut ◽

N. Lust

Keyword(s):

Chemical Control ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Prunus Serotina ◽

Injection System ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Control Methods ◽

Seasonal Influence ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Mechanical Methods ◽

Proportional Mortality

Large scale application of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) in forestry and the typical ecological characteristics of the species resulted in its dominance of the shrublayer in homogeneous pine forests on poor sandy soils in Flanders. For reasons of nature conservation Flemish forest policy and management tries to transform these forests into more natural and structural deciduous forests. Controlling Black cherry is seen as a major condition for succes in this matter. In this study the lethal effect of mechanical, biological and chemical control methods was tested using an experimental block design. The methods consisted of girdling and felling with periodical removal of new sprouts, stump and stem treatment with mycoherbicide based on the Silverleaf disease fungus (Chondrostereum purpureum Pouzar), leaf and stump treatment with the herbicide glyphosate and stem treatments with the same herbicide using different techniques like the Hack & Squirt method, the EZject Capsule Injection System and the Silvaxe Tree Injector. The results indicated that a proper comparison can only be made after evaluation in the second autumn after treatment at the earliest. All chemical control methods, except one (Silvaxe Tree Injector System), showed a significant higher proportional mortality than mechanical and biological control methods. No statistical proof was found of a seasonal influence on mortality for the chemical methods. Application of the Hack & Squirt method and the EZject Capsule Injection System in summertime resulted in a significantly higher proportional mortality than leaf treatment and stump treatment in autumn. Lethal doses of glyphosate for different dbh-classes were calculated resulting in easy to use application procedures for stem treatment. The high lethal effect of the Hack & Squirt method confirmed their practical value. No significant seasonal influence on mortality nor any significant impact of mycoherbicide concentration was found for the biological stump treatments. Stem treatment with mycoherbicide proved inappropriate. The best season for girdling appears to be springtime while additional test indicate that wintertime could be even more appropriate. The lowest Significant proportional mortality for girdling and felling with one additional removal of sprouts was found in summertime. A high variability in proportional mortality was detected for the mechanical methods and in a lesser degree for the biological methods, sometimes approximating or even equaling the mortality rate of chemical methods. If environmental considerations have to be taken into account or if chemical control is legally forbidden (e.g. forest reserves in Flanders) biological stump treatment and girdling offer a valuable alternative. Their variable mortality can lead to unpredictable results though.

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Perception of Ethiopian Mango Farmers on the Pest Status and Current Management Practices for the Control of the White Mango Scale, Aulacaspis Tubercularis (Homoptera: Diaspididae)

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v10i0.8431 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1846-1852

Author(s):

Melesse tora Anjulo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Study ◽

Management Practices ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Scale Insect ◽

Survey Result ◽

Control Methods ◽

Current Management ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Mango Tree ◽

Different Parts

White Mango Scale (WMS), Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), was occurred in Ethiopia in 2010. It was introduced from Asia (India) through infected mango seedlings. Currently the insect problems increase to different parts of Ethiopia. This survey was initiated with the objectives of gathering perception of mango growing farmers on mango WMS insect status and its management methods. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to mango growing farmers selected at random with majority being members of the banana and mango producers. Survey result shows that white mango scale insect is present at all the studied area and all the interviewed farmers responded that their mango tree was faced with some sort of insect problem and some farmers started to manage this insect by cultural and chemical methods. From the interviewed mango growers, 57.3% were knowledge on white mango scale insect and they thought it causes high amount of yield loss. Sixty percent of the respondents use one or combination of control methods of the pest. Further systematic study is needed to implement informed management system to control this emerging mango pest.

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Sivas İlinde Buğday Üretiminde Karşılaşılan Bitki Koruma Sorunlarının Belirlenmesi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8isp1.208-214.4114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (sp1) ◽

pp. 208-214

Author(s):

Mustafa Belen ◽

Dürdane Yanar ◽

Gülistan Erdal

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Weed Control ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Health Problems ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Weed Species ◽

Almost All

Objective of this study is to determine plant protection problems which wheat growers encountered and their knowledge on plant protection in Sivas province. This study is carried out in the Central, Hafik, Ulas and Yıldızeli districts of Sivas province with 220 farmers. The problems which related to plant diseases, pests and weeds in wheat growers faced were also determined. Almost all farmers (99.09%) apply chemical control. Farmers decides the pesticide applications in their wheat growing areas according to own experience (84.09%), manufacturers recommendations (24.09%), the advice of agricultural experts (17.27%) and the advice of neighbours and friends (9.55%). Farmers mostly have been applying pesticides based on their own experiences. In recent years, pesticides are being used widely against diseases, pests and weeds. Some times over dose application of pesticides by farmers in judiciously resulted in environmental pollution, health problems. Also the natural enemies will be affected. Furthermore, in weed control farmers use herbicides against broad leaved weeds. It was determined that the farmers do not have knowledge about narrow leaved weeds and herbicides use against these weed species is limited. According to the results of this survey, it will be beneficial to provide training on plant protection to wheat producers in the region.

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Yield, quality and weed control in soybean crop as affected by several cultural and weed management practices

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48111823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 329-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Panagiotis KANATAS ◽

Ilias TRAVLOS ◽

Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU ◽

Ioannis GAZOULIS ◽

Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soybean Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Pelargonic Acid ◽

Perennial Weeds

In the field of Agricultural University of Athens, the effects of false seedbed technique, stale seedbed, chemical and ecologically based control on weed growth and soybean yield were evaluated (2019). The experimental treatments were: normal seedbed, normal seedbed along with pre-emergence chemical control, false seedbed, stale seedbed with glyphosate and stale seedbed with pelargonic acid. In the plots of normal seedbed along with pre-emergence chemical control, pendimethalin was applied at rate of 1560 g a.i. ha-1. In the plots of stale seedbed with glyphosate, glyphosate was applied at a rate of 2160 g a.e. ha-1 and in the plots of stale seedbed with pelargonic acid, pelargonic acid was applied at a rate of 31020 g a.i. ha-1. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results revealed that stale seedbed combined either with glyphosate or pelargonic acid application reduced annual weeds’ density by 94 and 95% as compared to normal seedbed. Stale seedbed along with pelargonic acid reduced the density of perennial weeds by 36, 38 and 41% as compared to the combination of normal seedbed and pre-emergence chemical control, normal seedbed and false seedbed, respectively. The application of glyphosate in stale seedbed plots was also effective against perennial weeds. It was also observed that stale seedbed along with glyphosate increased soybean seed yield by 17, 19 and 35% as compared to the combination of normal seedbed and pendimethalin application, false seedbed and normal seedbed, respectively. Beneficial were also the effects of the combination of stale seedbed and pelargonic acid not only on soybean seed yield but also on soybean protein content. Further research is needed in order to investigate the role of false and stale seedbeds as integrated weed management practices in various crops and under different soil and climatic conditions. Research is also needed to evaluate pelargonic acid for weed control in stale seedbeds since it is an eco-friendly herbicide with no restrictions for organic farming.

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A Review on Parameters Affecting the Choice of Alternative (Non-Chemical) Weed Control Methods

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science ◽

10.24018/ejers.2019.4.12.1641 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 16-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasan Sahin

Keyword(s):

Electric Current ◽

Microwave Heating ◽

Weed Control ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Control Method ◽

Power Level ◽

Hot Water ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Control Methods ◽

Chemical Methods

Chemical using as a weed control method is the most preferred method in weed control because they are easily accessible, easily applicable and inexpensive. But, with the new environment-friendly regulations, the importance of non-chemical methods has increased all over the world. In addition, organic farm and non-chemical agricultural methods are gaining importance with increasing social environment and health awareness. Non-chemical methods, called, "alternative methods” have been one of the most popular research subjects in recent years. The physical removal or killing of weeds is usually done by hand or by means designed tools for this task, which varies from country to country. The most known modern non-chemical weed control methods are; electric current, microwave heating, superheated steam, infrared using, pneumatic system, freeze-drying, laser cutting, and fresnel lens systems. The most popular of these methods are; electric current method and microwave heating. In electric current and microwave heating methods, there are no chemical residues in soil and plants after application. It has been shown in the studies that, the microwave weed control method can destroy weeds and seeds when appropriate frequency, sufficient time and required power level are selected. Therefore, in the selection of non-chemical weed control methods, some important parameters of plant and soil should be known. The electrical and dielectric properties of plants and soil such as, electrical resistance (R), impedance (Z), dielectric constant (ε’), loss factor (ε’’), the permittivity (permeability ( and conductivity (σ) should be known especially in microwave and electric current methods. The other parameters like the age, height and density of the plant is an issue to be considered in all control methods. But, the moisture content of soil and plant may not be taken into consideration in hot water and steam applications. For the freeze-drying method, the moisture and water content of the plant and soil must also be taken into account.

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PHYTOTOXICITY AND GROWTH OF COFFEE PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF THE APPLICATION OF HERBICIDE 2,4-D

Coffee Science ◽

10.25186/cs.v14i4.1605 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 438

Author(s):

Giovani Belutti Voltolini ◽

Dalyse Toledo Castanheira ◽

Larissa Cocato Da Silva ◽

Ademilson De Oliveira Alecrim ◽

Tiago Teruel Rezende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Methods ◽

Collar Region ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Herbicide Drift

Weed control in coffee is of great importance for there is a great interference, standing out the competition for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods, chemical control is highlighted as a function of its efficiency. However, the incorrect application of herbicides may imply the occurrence of drift, resulting in damage to coffee development due to phytotoxicity. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the symptoms and phytotoxicity effects caused by the herbicide 2,4-D drift on the morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics of coffee seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG1190’ coffee seedlings (<em>Coffea arabica</em> L.), planted in 11-L pots. A randomized block design with four treatments and four replicates was used. The treatments were: 0%; 10%; 25% and 50% of the recommended commercial dose of 2,4-D (2.5 L.ha<sup>-1</sup>). Each plot consisted of three plants. The evaluations were performed at 74 days after implantation. Morphological, physiological, anatomical and phytotoxicity symptoms were evaluated as a function of the simulated herbicide drift. Coffee seedlings intoxicated by the herbicide 2,4-D presented hyponastic, chlorosis, shriveling and leaf anomalies. In the orthotropic branch, bending was observed in its extension, besides thickening in the collar region; in the plagiotropic branch, cracking was observed. Herbicide drift negatively affects the development of coffee plants. The coffee physiology was affected as a function of herbicide drift, but without damage to the leaf anatomy.

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