scholarly journals Cross-Media Alliances to Stop Disinformation: A Real Solution?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Bella Palomo ◽  
Jon Sedano
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
Cross Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Intermediary Role ◽  
False News ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
The Impact

Social networks have surpassed their intermediary role and become gatekeepers of online content and traffic. This transformation has favored the spread of information disorders. The situation is especially alarming in Spain, where 57% of Spaniards have at some moment believed false news. Since 2016, First Draft has promoted several collaborative verification projects that brought together newsrooms to fact-check false, misleading and confusing claims circulating online during presidential elections in several countries. The main objective of this article is to study the collaboration forged between newsrooms in Spain in order to debunk disinformation contents in 2019 under the name of Comprobado (Verified) and the impact of this initiative. Applying a methodological approach based on non-participant observation, interviews, content analysis of reports, scientific articles, books and media archives, we examine the internal uses of this platform, how journalists verified public discourse, the strategies and internal agreements implemented, and the degree of participation of the 16 media involved. Results show that only half of the initiatives begun were transformed into published reports, and the media impact achieved was limited. Finally, we note that the principal reasons for the frustration of the project were its improvised implementation, due to the date of the election being brought forward, and the scant culture of collaboration in the sector. In Spain at least, cross-media alliances are still an exception.

Foreign Media Exposure and Perceptions of Americans in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Singapore

1997 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Willnat ◽  
Zhou He ◽  
Hao Xiaoming
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
Local Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Media ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between foreign media exposure and stereotypical perceptions of and feelings toward Americans in Hong Kong, Shenzhen (China), and Singapore. In line with previous studies, it finds that foreign TV consumption is related to negative stereotypical perceptions of and feelings toward Americans among all tested subjects. However, it also finds that different types of foreign media, such as newspaper, radio, video, and movies, exhibit very distinct and different relationships with perceptions of Americans by subjects from China and Singapore. It suggests that in studies of foreign media impact, attention should be given to specific foreign media channels, the actual content of the media, the impact of local media, the stages at which other cultures encounter the Western culture, and the cultural context of each society.

scholarly journals Budgetary restrictions and ethical behaviours in a hospital context – evidence from general surgeons

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Piedade Silva ◽  
Rita Martins de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study how budgetary constraints can have ethical implications on patient treatment options. Design/methodology/approach By applying a qualitative methodological approach (interviews) and participant observation, this paper studies the behaviour of surgeons in scenarios of financial restriction. Findings The empirical findings show that despite the conflict between the economy and the leges artis, surgeons maintain the ethical and deontological principles of their profession with fair rules of orientation. Practical implications The importance of this study can be realised by its continuity. One of the authors is already implicated on a wider research to investigate the influence of the economic scarcity of resources on general surgeons’ ethical behaviours. Social implications This paper is a contribution to understanding the rules that restrain the activities of surgeons. Politicians sometimes do not have a full understanding of the pressures that the medical profession faces in their day-to-day activities. Currently, with the addition of problems relate to COVID-19, politicians and populations seem to better understand the importance of the Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS), This paper hopes that this understanding will be not only a conjectural moment. Originality/value In conjunction with the economic recession that began in the first decade of this century, health institutions have long faced budgetary constraints that condition their material and human resources and correspondingly shape the scope of health professional activities. Until now, it has not been studied the impact of economic crises on the ethical behaviour of Portuguese surgeons. Therefore, this research is a first step and a useful contribution to understanding the rules that can restrain (or not) the ethical conduct of these health professionals.

scholarly journals “He reached across the river and healed the generations of hara”: Structural violence, historical trauma, and healing among contemporary Whanganui Māori

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tarapuhi Vaeau
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Kaupapa Māori ◽  
Space State ◽  
The Media ◽  
Relations Of Power

<p>This thesis provides insights into the unique forms of oppression that Māori face today. It explores how Māori experience, understand, and heal from historical trauma in contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand. It does this by arguing that space, state bureaucracies, and public discourse can be violent, and considering sites of (re)traumatisation for my participants, specifically by examining the internalisation of responsibilisation and colonial discourse disseminated through the media and government processes, underlining the implications for health care. I show the ways that space constructs and reproduces relations of power and surveillance. As well I explore spaces that act as living symbols of inequality. This thesis uses structural violence and historical trauma to frame this analysis and thus highlights the lived experience where neoliberalism and colonialism intersect. The understandings that are presented here are informed by seven months of fieldwork which was guided by a kaupapa Māori framework and used participant observation and interviews with Māori who have iwi affiliations to the Whanganui River. Using stories from eleven participants, as well as autoethnography, this thesis demonstrates the importance of whakapapa, whanaungatanga, and wairuatanga in healing for Māori.</p>

scholarly journals Curación de contenidos científicos en tiempos de fake science y Covid-19: una aproximación entre las ciencias de la información y la comunicación

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Alexandre López-Borrull ◽  
Candela Ollé
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Media ◽  
False News ◽  
The Impact

Content curation as a method of tackling misinformation offers some obvious advantages when generating value-added content that can help to reduce the impact and damage that false news can cause. If this takes place with specialized, e.g., scientific, information, it has even greater value. In these times of infodemic as defined by the WHO as part of the health crisis, the need for accurate and timely information may be more important than ever. Research is presented on the type of processes and which actors can help in the verification and filtering of unwanted information. The role that the media, verifiers, and social networks have in this process has been studied. The results point to the need for an interdisciplinary approach to scientific disinformation. Likewise, it is considered appropriate to work not only with a verification viewpoint (which could be more or less covered by peer review), but also to understand that to reverse false content it is necessary to go one step further by selecting and creating high-quality content and trying to counter false information. Resumen La curación de contenidos como método de trabajo ante la desinformación presenta algunas ventajas evidentes cuando se generan contenidos de valor añadido que pueden ayudar a remitir el impacto y daño que una noticia falsa puede llevar a cabo. Si ello tiene lugar con una información especializada como la científica tiene un mayor valor. En estos momentos de infodemia como define la OMS parte de la crisis sanitaria, la necesidad de información veraz y oportunamente divulgada puede ser más importante que nunca. Se presenta la investigación sobre qué tipo de procesos y qué actores pueden ayudar en los procesos de verificación y filtro de información no deseada. Se ha estudiado el papel que los medios de comunicación, los verificadores y las redes sociales tienen en este proceso. Los resultados apuntan a que se vislumbra la necesidad de una aproximación interdisciplinar a la desinformación científica. Asimismo, se estima oportuno trabajar no solamente con una visión de verificación (que podría estar más o menos cubierta por el peer-review), sino por entender que para revertir contenido falso es necesario dar un paso más, seleccionar y crear contenidos de calidad y intentar contrarrestar la información falsa.

scholarly journals Can altmetrics predict future citation counts in critical care medicine publications?

2020 ◽  
pp. 175114372090324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Lehane ◽  
Colin S Black
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Critical Care Medicine ◽  
Scientific Impact ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Online Attention ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Social media is increasingly used in the dissemination of medical research. Traditional measures of the impact of a paper do not account for this. Altmetrics are a measure of the dissemination of a publication via social media websites. The purpose of this study is to ascertain if the altmetric attention score of an article is a reliable measure of the impact it has in the field of critical care medicine. To this end, we investigated if a correlation exists between future citation count and altmetric attention score. Methods The top nine journals by impact factor in the field of critical care medicine were identified for 2014 and 2015. The 100 most cited articles from these journals were recorded to form the Scientific Impact Group, i.e. those with the greatest impact on the scientific community. The altmetric attention score was recorded for each article. The top 100 articles by altmetric attention score were also identified to form the Media Impact Group, i.e. those that generated the most online attention. Their citation counts’ were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed on each group to identify a correlation between altmetric attention score and citation count. Results There was a moderately positive correlation in the Scientific Impact Group, with a Spearman r score of 0.4336 ( P = 0.0001). A weakly positive correlation was found in the Media Impact Group, with a Spearman r score of 0.3033 ( P = 0.002). Conclusions There is a positive correlation between traditional bibliographic metrics and altmetrics in the field of critical care medicine. Highly cited papers are more likely to generate online attention. However, papers that generate a lot of online attention are less likely to have a high citation count. Therefore, altmetric attention score is not a reliable predictor of future citation count in critical care medicine.

scholarly journals The Impact of Media on Spill Response Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Nicolas-Kopec
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Over recent years, there have been numerous studies and papers on media coverage and subsequent politics of oil spills. However, there has been limited focus on how media can impact the effectiveness of a spill response. Using ITOPF's case study database, spanning 50 years of incidents, it has been consistently observed that, regardless of the quality of the cleanup strategy put in place, the media may affect the response both positively and negatively on the effectiveness of the clean-up response. This paper presents a framework, supported by case studies, for assessing the media impact on three aspects of a response: (1) the strategy; (2) the logistics; and (3) the claims/damage assessment. The media's influence on response strategy is visible throughout the preparedness, clean-up, and post spill phases of the incident. Impacts on logistics are focussed primarily on the involvement of the public in the clean-up itself, with some effects positively supporting the response, while others cause disruption; potentially impacting the safety of responders. As for claims and damage assessment aspects of a response, the impact of media can often be observed long after the initial reporting. This contrasts with the relatively immediate media effects on strategy and logistics. While it is sometimes too late to counteract perceptions of damage or claim inflation due to media coverage, numerous case studies have also demonstrated how pressure from the media increases the accountability of the stakeholders involved in the response and the level of awareness of compensation available to claimants. The objective of this paper is to provide a framework that is useful for responders to understand and prepare for the potential media influence on the effectiveness of a response.

scholarly journals Crisis política y “aparición” de las masas (1950-1970) [Artículo evaluado por pares]

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Isabel Wschebor
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Political Action ◽  
New Members ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
Action Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
New Strategies

ResumenEn el siguiente artículo se estudian diferentes factores que dan cuenta de la reaparición del concepto “masas” en el discurso público entre las décadas de 1950 y 1970 en Uruguay. El primero de ellos está relacionado con un realineamiento de diversos sectores y tendencias políticas dentro de los partidos tradicionales, tras el agotamiento de los modelos de acción política desarrollados en el período previo. Y el segundo, está asociado a una nueva utilización del término en el abanico de los partidos de izquierda. Globalmente, se trató de estrategias de captación de nuevas adhesiones, con el objetivo de legitimar nuevos proyectos políticos de respuesta a las modalidades de actuación tradicional, así como a la crisis económica. Se repasa también la incidencia que tuvo el desarrollo de los medios de comunicación —expansión de la prensa, generalización de la radio e inicios de la transmisión televisiva— como vía privilegiada de propagación de mensajes que debían reproducirse a un público extendido. Las nuevas estrategias de adhesión social por parte de la política y el uso de los medios de comunicación para ello, son analizados como síntomas del ingreso de una sociedad en las lógicas de la modernidad. Palabras claveMasas; Acción política; Medios de comunicación AbstractThe following article studies the different factors that show for the reappearance of the concept “masses” in public discourse between the 1950s and 1970s in Uruguay. The first of them is related to a realignment of different sectors and political tendencies within the traditional parties, after the exhaustion of the political action models developed in the previous period. And the second one, is associated with a new use of the term in the range of left parties. Globally, these were strategies for attracting new members, with the aim of legitimizing new political projects in response to the traditional methods of action, as well as the economic crisis. It also reviews the impact of the development of the media -expansion of the press, generalization of radio and the beginning of television broadcasting- as a privileged way of propagating messages that should be reproduced to an extended public. The new strategies of social adhesion on the part of the policy and the use of the means of communication for it, are analyzed as symptoms of the entrance of a society in the logic of the modernity. Key WordsMasses; Political action; Mass media  

scholarly journals Challenges in control of COVID-19: short doubling time and long delay to effect of interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1829) ◽  
pp. 20200264
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pellis ◽  
Francesca Scarabel ◽  
Helena B. Stage ◽  
Christopher E. Overton ◽  
Lauren H. K. Chappell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Reproduction Numbers ◽  
The Media ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Doubling Time

Early assessments of the growth rate of COVID-19 were subject to significant uncertainty, as expected with limited data and difficulties in case ascertainment, but as cases were recorded in multiple countries, more robust inferences could be made. Using multiple countries, data streams and methods, we estimated that, when unconstrained, European COVID-19 confirmed cases doubled on average every 3 days (range 2.2–4.3 days) and Italian hospital and intensive care unit admissions every 2–3 days; values that are significantly lower than the 5–7 days dominating the early published literature. Furthermore, we showed that the impact of physical distancing interventions was typically not seen until at least 9 days after implementation, during which time confirmed cases could grow eightfold. We argue that such temporal patterns are more critical than precise estimates of the time-insensitive basic reproduction number R 0 for initiating interventions, and that the combination of fast growth and long detection delays explains the struggle in countries' outbreak response better than large values of R 0 alone. One year on from first reporting these results, reproduction numbers continue to dominate the media and public discourse, but robust estimates of unconstrained growth remain essential for planning worst-case scenarios, and detection delays are still key in informing the relaxation and re-implementation of interventions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK’.

China and Intervention at the UN Security Council

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney J. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

What explains China’s response to intervention at the UN Security Council? China and Intervention at the UN Security Council argues that status is an overlooked determinant in understanding its decisions, even in the apex cases that are shadowed by a public discourse calling for regime change in Sudan, Libya, and Syria. The book posits that China reconciles its status dilemma as it weighs decisions to intervene: seeking recognition from both its intervention peer groups of great powers and developing states. Understanding the impact and scope conditions of status answers why China has taken certain positions regarding intervention and how these positions were justified. Foreign policy behavior that complies with status, and related social factors like self-image and identity, can at times mean that China selects policy options bearing material costs. China and Intervention at the UN Security Council offers a rich study of Chinese foreign policy, going beyond works available in breadth and in depth. It draws on an extensive collection of data, including over 200 interviews with UN officials and Chinese foreign policy elites, participant observation at UN Headquarters and a dataset of Chinese-language analysis regarding regime change and intervention. The book concludes with new perspectives on the malleability of China’s core interests, insights about the application of status for cooperation, and the implications of the status dilemma for rising powers.

Analysis of BIM use for asset management in three public organizations in Québec, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Brunet ◽  
Ali Motamedi ◽  
Louis-Martin Guénette ◽  
Daniel Forgues
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Given the ongoing digital transformation, building information modeling (BIM) has great potential to create a collaborative environment in the whole lifecycle of the built asset, from inception to decommissioning. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper relates current developments in Québec with regard to the use of BIM for asset management (AM). The steps taken by three public organizations to develop their capabilities and take advantage of new possibilities are presented. The main methodological approach is based on participant observation, through case studies complemented by a questionnaire. Findings This paper reports on results and analysis of an important module of a broader research project on the impact of new technologies and collaborative methods for projects and AM. The results of this first research module points to the importance of using pilot projects to develop a continuous improvement approach, where feedback loops from projects support the development of AM capabilities and culture. Another important finding is the importance of sharing experience for the three public organizations involved. Originality/value The main contributions of this paper are to document this overarching research program and to gain deeper insights by reflexively considering the steps taken and the ones ahead for the quest to enhance the transfer of information for built assets at the end of projects to the operations and maintenance phase and to use BIM for operation.

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