scholarly journals For Farmers or the Environment? The European Parliament in the 2013 CAP Reform

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Gravey ◽  
Aron Buzogány
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Ordinary Legislative Procedure ◽  
The Cost

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was the last policy field to be placed under the Ordinary Legislative Procedure and its 2013 reform was the first to be decided under this rule. This article analyses how rule changes following the Lisbon Treaty have shaped policy outcomes related to ‘greening,’ i.e., making agricultural policy more environmentally friendly. Measuring the policy ambitions of amendments during the different phases of the legislative process (the processing phase within the Parliament and the negotiating phase during trilogues), we find that the European Parliament weakened the Commission’s greening proposals—but did so to support an alternative greening agenda built on different policy instruments. This means that rule change has altered the power balance between the institutions, making the Commission more dependent on the European Parliament. In the 2013 reform, this new balance of power came at the cost of greening the CAP.

Parliamentary Debates in Canada (1901–2015)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Florence Vallée-Dubois ◽  
Jean-François Godbout ◽  
Christopher Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Legislative Process ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Procedural Rule ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article analyzes the effect of procedural rule change on the dynamics of parliamentary speeches in the Canadian House of Commons between 1901 and 2015. During this period, several new rules were introduced to reduce the opportunities for private members to speak during the debates so that the government could get its business done within an acceptable amount of time. Our analysis looks at the impact of these rule changes on the content and orientation of all individual speeches made by members of Parliament. The results indicate that parliamentary rules had an important effect on the topic and duration of debates. Our findings also confirm that procedural changes contributed to a heightening of partisan polarization in the Canadian Parliament over time and disproportionately reduced the influence of government backbenchers in the legislative process.

Implementation of the European Community's Common Agricultural Policy: expectations, fears, failures

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner J. Feld
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Structural Improvement ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Agricultural Price ◽  
Community Decision

During the 1970s the European Community's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), acclaimed only a decade earlier as prominent evidence of successful integration of member states, manifest major defects. Farm prices to the consumers increased continually, large surpluses of certain farm commodities accumulated, the cost of operating the CAP rose tremendously, and recurring changes of member state currencies made a shambles of the common price and market concept. Several general and specific causes of those problems can be identified. Strongly influenced by powerful national farm lobbies, the member governments have imposed their own interests, often at variance with the “common” interest, upon the Community decision-making framework. The large number of national officials participating in the CAP implementation process has tended to strengthen trends toward policy outcomes undesirable from the Community perspective. More specifically, the main cause for disrupting agricultural price and market unity has been the system of “green” currency rates and the monetary compensatory amounts (MCAs) which have provided the member governments with opportunities to reconstitute national control over farm prices. Fear of domestic political repercussions has restricted the creation of vigorous policies to counter surpluses, and structural improvement of farms, badly needed in some regions of the Community, has been slow.

scholarly journals Budget of the EU and Common Agricultural Policy for 2014-2020 in the light of the polish interests

Management ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-487
Author(s):  
Andrzej Czyżewski ◽  
Sebastian Stępień
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Council ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Eu

Summary The objective of the paper is to present the results of negotiations on the EU budget for 2014-2020, with particular emphasis on the Common Agricultural Policy. Authors indicate the steps for establishing the budget, from the proposal of the European Commission presented in 2011, ending with the draft of UE budget agreed at the meeting of the European Council on February 2013 and the meeting of the AGRIFISH on March 2013 and then approved by the political agreement of the European Commission, European Parliament and European Council on June 2013. In this context, there will be an assessment of the new budget from the point of view of Polish economy and agriculture.

Institutional Change through Innovation: The URBAN Community Initiative in Berlin, 1994–99

10.1068/c0416 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Community Initiative ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City

Reunification profoundly challenged the local government structure inherited from the Cold War period in Berlin. Yet this sudden socioeconomic and political change did not produce any immediate impact on institutional arrangements or policy instruments within the urban policy field. In this context, the implementation of the European Community Initiative URBAN, between 1994 and 1999, offered an opportunity to actors who were willing to challenge the existing balance of power to contest the legitimacy of preexisting interests and representations. The author argues that, in a context of competing interpretations of the issues raised by segregation processes which have left pockets of poverty in both parts of the city, the URBAN programme has managed to become an important driving force behind an underlying process of change. Its innovative approach to urban poverty and social exclusion exerted an impact on the parameters of this process of change, exacerbating existing political and organisational conflicts and challenging local networks, sources of legitimacy, and policy instruments.

Moving Beyond Procedure

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMIE KREPPEL
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Decision Procedures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legislative Influence

This article examines the influence of the European Parliament (EP) within the legislative process of the European Union. Although debate over the impact of the cooperation and co-decision I procedures continues, this article argues that, in part, the current theoretical debate is a false one that has caused many of the other important variables that affect EP legislative influence to be ignored. This article briefly revisits the current debate, then proceeds to an analysis of the success of more than 1,000 EP amendments under the cooperation and co-decision procedures. This evidence suggests that numerous other variables, such as internal EP unity and type of amendment made, have a significant impact on EP success, even controlling for procedure. In addition, this comparison points out some empirical differences between the two procedures that have been largely ignored in the theoretical debate but that nonetheless have a significant impact of EP success and merit further study.

Migliorare il funzionamento della filiera alimentare: una valutazione degli strumenti per la pac dopo il 2013

2012 ◽  
pp. 319-340
Author(s):  
Angelo Frascarelli
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Prices ◽  
Market Transparency ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Recent Debate

In economic literature, agricultural policy instruments for market and price stabilisation are classified in two broad categories: direct instruments and indirect instruments. Having the direct instruments failed, the cap proposals for years 2014-2020 are focusing on the indirect instruments: producer organisations, collective bargaining, interbranch agreements, transparency of the food supply chain, market risk management. Such themes emerged in the recent debate on agricultural policy because of two facts: strong volatility of agricultural prices and a growing disparity between basic prices and consumer prices. Objective of the present work is the evaluation of eight instruments of agricultural policy for improving the food supply chain functioning, with an analysis of potential economical consequences of the various options. The evaluation takes into account both efficiency (expenditure level, simplicity of use of the instruments, compatibility with Wto rules) and effectiveness (market and prices stabilisation, strengthening of producers position in the food supply chain, market transparency). Analysis was conduct referring to economic literature, to empirical evidences coming from sectors that use indirect instruments, and to results of studies produced by public or private organisations.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Romanian Fruits and Vegetables Producers Access to Different Types of Common Agricultural Policy Instruments. Is there Any Real Consistency with the Policy Objectives?

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Nicu MARCU ◽  
Georgeta-Mădălina MEGHIȘAN ◽  
Ionel Mugurel JITEA
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Policy Measures

Fruits and vegetables sectors are considered to be strategic in the European Union due to their contribution to a better human health. Among others positive effects, their intake increase reduce mortality and obesity, assuring in the same time harmonised development for young children. The present study thus focused to reveal the consistency of the measure implemented in the Common Agricultural Policy to support fruits and vegetables production in Romania in liaison with the policy objectives. The country is one of the main ten important European producers of horticultural products in terms of production volumes and acreage. Results showed that over the last seven years (2007-2014), the sectorial production drawbacks have not been ameliorated very much. Both sectors are dominated by small-size farms that can produce only seasonally and mainly for short-market chains. In the same time, the greenhouses area shrink to levels that made the country extremely dependent to imports especially for tomatoes. The analysis of the pillar one payments schemes revealed that the fruits and vegetables producers could have access to only one payment that was half from European averages. Moreover, almost half of the producers had low sizes that left them outside the eligible criteria. The measures designed for the second pillar also penalized producers through the selection criteria. These results showed that for Romania there was not a real consistency between the actual policy measures and the objectives assumed by policy makers. The future measures (2014-2020) seem to correct these negative findings being better tailored to the situation of the local fruits and vegetables producers.

International trade protectionist policies and in-state preferences: A link

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Abutabenjeh ◽  
Stephen B. Gordon ◽  
Berhanu Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
State Preference ◽  
Public Policy Instruments ◽  
The U.S

By implementing various forms of preference policies, countries around the world intervene in their economies for their own political and economic purposes. Likewise, twenty-five states in the U.S. have implemented in-state preference policies (NASPO, 2012) to protect and support their own vendors from out-of-state competition to achieve similar purposes. The purpose of this paper is to show the connection between protectionist public policy instruments noted in the international trade literature and the in-state preference policies within the United States. This paper argues that the reasons and the rationales for adopting these preference policies in international trade and the states' contexts are similar. Given the similarity in policy outcomes, the paper further argues that the international trade literature provides an overarching explanation to help understand what states could expect in applying in-state preference policies.

Time is of the essence: Explaining the duration of European Union lawmaking under the co-decision procedure

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212110364
Author(s):  
Adam Kirpsza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decision Procedure ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Issue Linkage ◽  
Rational Choice Institutionalism ◽  
Legislative Procedure ◽  
Ordinary Legislative Procedure ◽  
European Parliament Elections

The article explores factors affecting the duration of the co-decision procedure (currently the ordinary legislative procedure), the main procedure for adopting legislation in the European Union. Drawing from rational choice institutionalism, it expects the speed of co-decision to be determined by three attributes: the impatience of legislators, issue linkage and the characteristics of Council and European Parliament negotiators ( relais actors). The hypotheses are tested using survival analysis on a dataset of 599 controversial legislative acts submitted and enacted under co-decision between 1999 and 2009. The results show that co-decision proposals are decided faster when they are urgent, negotiated prior to the European Parliament elections and concluded through single proposal logrolls. By contrast, multi-proposal packages and the ideological distance between relais actors prolong decision-making. Overall, the article contributes to the literature by showing that the impatience of legislators, package deals and the properties of negotiators are relevant drivers of co-decision duration.

A Legal and Exploratory Empirical Analysis of Changes to Innocent Spouse Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
James M. Plečnik
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Rule Change ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Innocent Spouse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Based

ABSTRACT This paper studies recent changes to innocent spouse law instituted by Rev. Proc. 2013-34. This rule change explicitly addresses issues with innocent spouse rulings, while also making innocent spouse law more flexible. I use legal and empirical methodologies to study 81 innocent spouse cases, and find that the recent rule changes have significantly modified the impact of various factors. Changes to some factors were stated objectives of the rule change; for example, abuse now has an increased impact on innocent spouse rulings. However, some changes appear to be side effects of the revised law's increased flexibility. Specifically, the health factor was unchanged by Rev. Proc. 2013-34, but appears to have gained prominence due to greater flexibility in innocent spouse law. Overall, my findings show that judges can now decide a case based on various criteria, rather than being bound primarily by taxpayer knowledge—as was the case pre-Rev. Proc. 2013-34.

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