Institutional Change through Innovation: The URBAN Community Initiative in Berlin, 1994–99

10.1068/c0416 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Community Initiative ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City

Reunification profoundly challenged the local government structure inherited from the Cold War period in Berlin. Yet this sudden socioeconomic and political change did not produce any immediate impact on institutional arrangements or policy instruments within the urban policy field. In this context, the implementation of the European Community Initiative URBAN, between 1994 and 1999, offered an opportunity to actors who were willing to challenge the existing balance of power to contest the legitimacy of preexisting interests and representations. The author argues that, in a context of competing interpretations of the issues raised by segregation processes which have left pockets of poverty in both parts of the city, the URBAN programme has managed to become an important driving force behind an underlying process of change. Its innovative approach to urban poverty and social exclusion exerted an impact on the parameters of this process of change, exacerbating existing political and organisational conflicts and challenging local networks, sources of legitimacy, and policy instruments.

scholarly journals Verification of urban policy instruments in the Campos dosGoytacazes City Plans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo de Sousa Araújo Ronaldo de Sousa Araújo ◽  
Eugênio Bartnig de Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Juliana Landim Gomes Siqueira ◽  
Zélia Maria Peixoto Chrispim
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Methodological Aspect ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
The Law ◽  
The City

The Urban Policy of Brazil, established with the Federal Constitution and the City Statute, brought to light a series of instruments to be used by municipalities in their urban planning. The objective of this research was to verify the use of these instruments in the laws of the cityplans of 2008 and 2020 in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, state of Rio de Janeiro. In the methodological aspect, online meetings through Google Meet were fundamental for bibliographical and documental survey, comparative analysis of the laws of cityplans, elaboration of a table with results and elaboration of an article. With the study it was possible to analyze the use of urban policy instruments in the analyzed cityplans. It was found that in the two cityplans, several instruments are included in the law in a bureaucratic way, without elements that indicate possibilities of application. It was concluded that the use of urban policy instruments in the analyzed cityplans happened in a similar way. The difficulty of applying many instruments was evident in both studied plans

scholarly journals Urban poverty in Switzerland : exclusion processes and public policy

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Exclusion Processes ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
The City ◽  
Organizing Principles ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract. Poverty is lodged in the heart of abundance itself. The weakening of the social fabric is particularly apparent in cities: the deskilling of labor, the decline in social and symbolic Status, isolation, and the loss of social protection due to the crisis of the welfare State constitute different aspects of exclusion. Urban poverty also appears as a denial of citizenship. This article applies a pluralistic approach in studying urban poverty. It also suggests organizing principles as a basis for transforming and "territorializing" of public social policy instruments in the city.

scholarly journals A Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir e o Solo Criado: uma necessária avaliação das matrizes conceituais

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Vera F. Rezende ◽  
Fernanda Furtado ◽  
Maria Teresa Corrêa de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Jorgensen Junior
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Related Concept ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The City

Este artigo contempla uma avaliação sobre as matrizes conceituais que orientaram a construção da noção da Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir, instrumento definido no Estatuto da Cidade para integrar a política urbana municipal das cidades brasileiras. Este trabalho propõe uma análise do longo caminho percorrido desde os primeiros debates até a edição de sua versão atual no Estatuto da Cidade, entendendo esta avaliação como necessária para uma melhor compreensão das potencialidades da outorga onerosa e das questões que permeiam os atuais debates sobre sua implementação em diferentes municípios. Para tanto, o trabalho realiza uma sistematização do extenso material bibliográfico que aborda o instrumento, assim como das questões pertinentes ao Solo Criado, conceito que lhe dá origem, percorrendo as décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990. Palavras-chave: Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir; Solo Criado; Estatuto da Cidade; direito de construir; instrumentos de política urbana. Abstract: This paper analyzes the conceptual framework underlying the “Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir”, a legal instrument defined in the City Statute as part of urban policy in Brazilian municipalities. We focus on the evolution of this powerful and complex instrument from the early stages of its debate until its current version in the City Statute, emphasizing the importance of such analysis to the understanding of the procedure’s potential and to the controversy on its implementation across different municipalities. With this intent, this paper investigates the literature on the procedure, as well as on a related concept, the “Solo Criado”, from the seventies until the nineties. Keywords: Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir; Solo Criado; City Statute; building rights; urban policy instruments.

Exploring Potentials for Culinary Tourism through a Food Festival: The Case of Thessaloniki Food Festival

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
George Chatzinakos
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Culinary Tourism ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
New Destination ◽  
Structural Networks ◽  
The City ◽  
Culinary Culture

This paper seeks to conceptualize the way Thessaloniki is promoting culinary tourism, whilst supporting and building upon local networks; engaging and co-creating an urban experience with its citizens and visitors. The aim of the paper is to suggest a potential framework that can be used as a strategic planning tool for the promotion of culinary tourism in Thessaloniki. In this direction, a food festival is being investigated. The last, is conceived by the organizers as the foundation of the idea of culinary tourism in the city. However, the findings indicate that there is a lack of active participation by the locals and not enough communication among various assets that are associated with the culinary identity of the city. In general, Thessaloniki seems to embody the ongoing struggle of a new destination, which is dealing with the complex process of branding and marketing without having the proper tools and the vital required collaboration between its structural networks. Accordingly, the research provides a lens through which the culinary culture of Thessaloniki can be used as a strategic pillar for stimulating a sustainable way of “consuming” and promoting the city’s identity; enhancing Thessaloniki’s appeal as a culinary destination.

New walls to keep the bad out: populism and the totalitarian psyche

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Coline Covington
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Group Solidarity ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Psychic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cold War

The Berlin Wall came down on 9 November 1989 and marked the end of the Cold War. As old antagonisms thawed a new landscape emerged of unification and tolerance. Censorship was no longer the principal means of ensuring group solidarity. The crumbling bricks brought not only freedom of movement but freedom of thought. Now, nearly thirty years later, globalisation has created a new balance of power, disrupting borders and economies across the world. The groups that thought they were in power no longer have much of a say and are anxious about their future. As protest grows, we are beginning to see that the old antagonisms have not disappeared but are, in fact, resurfacing. This article will start by looking at the dissembling of a marriage in which the wall that had peacefully maintained coexistence disintegrates and leads to a psychic development that uncannily mirrors that of populism today. The individual vignette leads to a broader psychological understanding of the totalitarian dynamic that underlies populism and threatens once again to imprison us within its walls.

After Victory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. John Ikenberry
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
World Order ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Cold War

The end of the Cold War was a “big bang” reminiscent of earlier moments after major wars, such as the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the end of the world wars in 1919 and 1945. But what do states that win wars do with their newfound power, and how do they use it to build order? This book examines postwar settlements in modern history, arguing that powerful countries do seek to build stable and cooperative relations, but the type of order that emerges hinges on their ability to make commitments and restrain power. The book explains that only with the spread of democracy in the twentieth century and the innovative use of international institutions—both linked to the emergence of the United States as a world power—has order been created that goes beyond balance of power politics to exhibit “constitutional” characteristics. Blending comparative politics with international relations, and history with theory, the book will be of interest to anyone concerned with the organization of world order, the role of institutions in world politics, and the lessons of past postwar settlements for today.

Implantação do aterro sanitário no município de Marituba-PA e os efeitos sobre as comunidades do entorno

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Rita Vasconcelos Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The municipality of Marituba, Metropolitan Region of Belém - RMB, has suffered environmental impacts due to irregularities in the landfill operation implemented in 2015, which triggered social impacts perceived by all the population, including neighboring municipalities, such as Ananindeua and Belém Protests were carried out by the Movement Outside the Garbage that is constituted by the dwellings of the surrounding neighborhoods to the place where the embankment is located, of owners of commercial activities linked to the tourism and Non Governmental Organizations that interrupted several times the transit of the main route that interconnects the seven municipalities of the RMB and the entrance of the embankment, in order to draw the attention of the municipal public power to the problems that the population would have been facing ever since. From this, the following questions arose: What social impacts would people be making in these protests? Would such problems be directly related to the activities carried out in the landfill? And finally, what are the actions of the public authority and the company that manages the enterprise in the management of these social impacts? The relevance of this study concerns not only the identification of social impacts considering the fragility of this approach in the Environmental Impact Studies and concomitantly in the Reports of Environmental Impacts, but also, from the point of view of the debate about the licensing process of enterprises of this nature and employment and the need for the joint use of environmental and urban policy instruments, considering that RMB municipalities have not yet used sustainable alternatives for the reduction of solid waste produced in their territories, as well as the reduction of environmental impacts caused by dumps , and in the case of Marituba, of the landfill that operates outside the standards established by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT, which is responsible for the management and treatment of solid waste and the National Policy on Solid Waste - PNRSN.

Atomized urbanism: secrecy and security from the Gulag to the Soviet closed cities

Urban History ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Asif Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
General Public ◽  
Early History ◽  
Physical Isolation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Camp System ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City

Abstract This article recovers the early history of the Soviet ‘closed city’, towns that during the Cold War were absent from maps and unknown to the general public due to their involvement in weapons research. I argue that the closed cities echoed and appropriated features of the Stalinist Gulag camp system, principally their adoption of physical isolation and the language of obfuscation. In doing so, I highlight a process called ‘atomized urbanism’ that embodies the tension between the obdurate reality of the city and the goal of the state to obliterate that reality through secrecy. In spatial terms, ‘atomized’ also describes the urban geography of these cities which lacked any kind of organic suburban expansion.

A Tower of Tangled Histories: The Upper Silesia Tower in Poznań and the Making of an Unromantic Poland, 1911–1955

Slavic Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-590
Author(s):  
Patryk Babiracki
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cold War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Engaging with regional, international, and spatial histories, this article proposes a new reading of the twentieth-century Polish past by exploring the vicissitudes of a building known as the Upper Silesia Tower. Renowned German architect Hans Poelzig designed the Tower for the 1911 Ostdeutsche Ausstellung in Posen, an ethnically Polish city under Prussian rule. After Poland regained its independence following World War I, the pavilion, standing centrally on the grounds of Poznań’s International Trade Fair, became the fair's symbol, and over time, also evolved into visual shorthand for the city itself. I argue that the Tower's significance extends beyond Posen/Poznań, however. As an embodiment of the conflicts and contradictions of Polish-German historical entanglements, the building, in its changing forms, also concretized various efforts to redefine the dominant Polish national identity away from Romantic ideals toward values such as order, industriousness, and hard work. I also suggest that eventually, as a material structure harnessed into the service of socialism, the Tower, with its complicated past, also brings into relief questions about the regional dimensions of the clashes over the meaning of modernity during the Cold War.

scholarly journals Imagining the smart city through smart grids? Urban energy futures between technological experimentation and the imagined low-carbon city

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110059
Author(s):  
Leslie Quitzow ◽  
Friederike Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Futures ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The City

Current imaginaries of urban smart grid technologies are painting attractive pictures of the kinds of energy futures that are desirable and attainable in cities. Making claims about the future city, the socio-technical imaginaries related to smart grid developments unfold the power to guide urban energy policymaking and implementation practices. This paper analyses how urban smart grid futures are being imagined and co-produced in the city of Berlin, Germany. It explores these imaginaries to show how the politics of Berlin’s urban energy transition are being driven by techno-optimistic visions of the city’s digital modernisation and its ambitions to become a ‘smart city’. The analysis is based on a discourse analysis of relevant urban policy and other documents, as well as interviews with key stakeholders from Berlin’s energy, ICT and urban development sectors, including key experts from three urban laboratories for smart grid development and implementation in the city. It identifies three dominant imaginaries that depict urban smart grid technologies as (a) environmental solution, (b) economic imperative and (c) exciting experimental challenge. The paper concludes that dominant imaginaries of smart grid technologies in the city are grounded in a techno-optimistic approach to urban development that are foreclosing more subtle alternatives or perhaps more radical change towards low-carbon energy systems.

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