scholarly journals Energy Security in Turbulent Times Towards the European Green Deal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odysseas Christou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Policy Adaptation ◽  
Turbulent Times ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
The Eu

This article presents a theoretical approach to energy security. It incorporates the concept of governing through turbulence as both a response to crisis onset and a source of long-term policy adaptation. The article applies this framework to an empirical analysis of the energy and climate policy of the EU through a review of policy documents in the period between 1995 and 2020. The article presents the evolution in the conceptualization of energy security in EU policy from a narrow definition restricted to characteristics of energy supply to an expanded conception that integrates additional elements from associated policy areas. The article argues that the European Green Deal represents the culmination of this process and concludes that the convergence of energy and climate policy objectives reinforces the trend towards the widened conceptual scope of energy security.

scholarly journals Cooperation and Security: Examining the Political Discourse on Natural Gas Transit in Ukraine and Slovakia

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5969
Author(s):  
Kateryna Yakovenko ◽  
Matúš Mišík
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 pandemic appeared in the midst of developing the European Green Deal, the most ambitious project to decarbonise the EU’s economy to date. Among other issues, the project highlighted the challenges connected to the long-term role of natural gas as a fossil fuel in the European economy. Moreover, the changes to the gas architecture caused by the development of new import infrastructure (especially Nord Stream and its extension, which is currently under construction) put additional pressure on the transit countries, mainly of which are linked to the Brotherhood pipeline. These have been strong supporters of natural gas utilisation and harsh critics of new pipelines that circumvent their territories, as they consider energy transit to be an important part of their energy sectors. This research examines the political discourse on gas transit in Slovakia and Ukraine in order to identify the main arguments connected to these positions. The paper examines a total of 233 textual units from both countries for the period 2014–2018. It concludes that, while Ukraine sees transit predominantly through the lens of cooperation with the EU and other actors, the Slovak political discourse considers gas transit in terms of energy security and the availability of gas for the national economy.

scholarly journals German institutional hegemony in EU sustainability policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Márton Baranyi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
Ranking Model ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
The Eu

German hegemony is a research topic subject to significant academic attention, especially within the studies linked to European integration. The existence of German hegemony within the EU is disputed, but several studies and models demonstrate that German hegemony within the European Union is significant but at the same time not desired (therefore the designation of Germany as a reluctant or benevolent hegemon). Is this true for the EU policies linked to sustainability as well, i.e. can institutional German hegemony be identified in the related policy fields? The study aims at assessing German institutional power linked to sustainability in the European Union (narrowing down policies linked to sustainability to EU energy and climate policy). It concludes that, based on a novel power ranking model assessing Member States’ influence in the various EU institutions, German institutional power is not significant in the fields of EU energy and climate policy.

Verteilungskonflikte durch die europäische Klimaschutzpolitik – Verschärft die EU die Hungerproblematik?

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Brunnengräber
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
The North ◽  
Climate Protection Policy ◽  
The One ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn this essay the European energy and climate protection policy and its effects on developing countries are to be discussed. Are their nutrition problems being detereorated or do additional exports establish opportunities for a sustainable development? I argue that coherence of energy security and climate protection policy, as aimed by the European Commission, cannot be achieved by the measures taken so far. First of all the paper discusses the primacy of competition policy while, in the second place, strategic selectivity of climate instruments will be dealt with. Thridly, the „faith in technology“ will be approached and the fourth issue is dedicated to agrofuels and the commodification of developing countries’ ressources. As a result the EU energy and climate policy is about to aggravate nutrition problems. What is needed is a Transformation to a sustainable economy to realigning the north-south divide on the one and to overcome inconsistencies between ener gy security and climate policy on the other hand.

WHAT DOES THE 2°C TARGET IMPLY FOR A GLOBAL CLIMATE AGREEMENT IN 2020? THE LIMITS STUDY ON DURBAN PLATFORM SCENARIOS

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 1340008 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELMAR KRIEGLER ◽  
MASSIMO TAVONI ◽  
TINO ABOUMAHBOUB ◽  
GUNNAR LUDERER ◽  
KATHERINE CALVIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Emissions Intensity ◽  
Near Term

This paper provides a novel and comprehensive model-based assessment of possible outcomes of the Durban Platform negotiations with a focus on emissions reduction requirements, the consistency with the 2°C target and global economic impacts. The Durban Platform scenarios investigated in the LIMITS study — all assuming the implementation of comprehensive global emission reductions after 2020, but assuming different 2020 emission reduction levels as well as different long-term concentration targets — exhibit a probability of exceeding the 2°C limit of 22–41% when reaching 450 (450–480) ppm CO 2 e , and 35–59% when reaching 500 (480–520) ppm CO 2 e in 2100. Forcing and temperature show a peak and decline pattern for both targets. Consistency of the resulting temperature trajectory with the 2°C target is a societal choice, and may be based on the maximum exceedance probability at the time of the peak and the long run exceedance probability, e.g., in the year 2100. The challenges of implementing a long-term target after a period of fragmented near-term climate policy can be significant as reflected in steep reductions of emissions intensity and transitional and long-term economic impacts. In particular, the challenges of adopting the target are significantly higher in 2030 than in 2020, both in terms of required emissions intensity decline rates and economic impacts. We conclude that an agreement on comprehensive emissions reductions to be implemented from 2020 onwards has particular significance for meeting long-term climate policy objectives.

scholarly journals The European Geopolitical Space and the Long Path to Brexit (The Government and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Lecture 2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Helen Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Fault Lines ◽  
The Government ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Although Brexit had its short-term roots in economic and constitutional legitimation issues, it cannot be explained without considering the European geopolitical space, the EU's contrasting political formations in the security and economic spheres, and the fault lines these produce. Seen from a long-term geopolitical perspective, there have been recurrent problems in Britain's efforts to deal with the EU and its predecessors, and persistent patterns of crisis. The geopolitical environment, especially around NATO and energy security in the Middle East, first rendered non-membership of the EEC a problem, then made entry impossible for a decade, helped make EU membership politically very difficult for British governments to sustain, and then constrained the May governments’ Article 50 negotiations. These problems have a singularly British shape, but they cannot be separated from more general fault lines in the European geopolitical space.

scholarly journals EU Energy Security at a Glance: The Evolution of the Situation Between 2014-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ionuţ Alin Cîrdei
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Eu

AbstractEnsuring the energy resources needed for the functioning of society as a whole is a major concern for European countries, which must identify solutions in this regard. Measures to be taken individually and collectively aim to ensure a continuous flow of energy resources and to consolidate the energy security. The energy security of European states is quite difficult to achieve due to the energy situation of all states and due to the increased dependence on energy resources outside the European space. Ensuring energy security not only creates the conditions for the development of society, but also strengthens national security, as it eliminates possible sources of tension and contradictions, which can lead to crisis or even conflict. From this perspective, it is clear that the EU is making efforts for energy sources diversification and to reduce the likelihood of malfunctions, but the evolution of the energy situation of the EU bloc shows that this is a long-term approach and concrete measures are very difficult to implement, fact easy to notice from the analysis of the energy situation of the EU between 2014 and 2018.

scholarly journals The V4’s Gas Market transition towards the EU’s Energy Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Katarína Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Spot Markets ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Returns On Investment ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
The Eu

Current development of the European gas market uncovers several new opportunities and challenges for energy security that developed from big changes in production, transit and supply ways of natural gas to Europe. New European gas market model builds on the principles of diversification, the security of supply, interconnectivity and liberalization. Realization of the EU Third Energy Package related to a progressive shift from long-term oil-linked gas supply contracts and development of alternative gas supply sources and lines, as well as the rivalry between already established gas transit lines and the new supply lines present new challenges and require transition for the V4 countries. In this article I studied what are the new changes and challenges of the transition of V4 countries towards the EU’s energy security? To adjust to transition V4 countries should build the new infrastructure on the short-term pricing market and the ways how it will be funded. If V4 countries want to trade gas with the neighbours and transport most of the Russian gas to Europe, they need to invest into reforms of pipelines’ networks or to find other alternatives of diversification in the next decades. Returns on investment on a liberalized market with a multitude of competitors will be manageable but require serious reforms. The V4 countries will have to enter into the spot markets to efficiently trade gas. Available gas hubs in Europe are much smaller, less liquid, and mostly supplied by the same companies as the long-term traded gas hubs. This kind of markets is easy to manipulate. Therefore, it is important for the V4 countries to plan how to coordinate their national energy policies and name EU’s energy targets for the future.

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