scholarly journals Power, Ideology and Structure: The Legacy of Normalization for Intellectual Disability

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray K. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structural Correspondence ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

Since its first formulation in English, the ‘principle of normalization’ has had a profound impact on policy and practice in the field of intellectual disability. Over the past fifty years, normalization, and Social Role Valorization, have drawn on liberal humanist philosophy, adopting varied and complex positions in relation to it. This article will consider an apparent structural correspondence between a discourse of ‘liberal equality’ with versions of normalization that emphasised conformity to social norms, and those drawing primarily on ‘liberal autonomy’, emphasising independence and self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities. Despite this seeming correspondence, the article eschews a structuralist account in favour of a discursive and rhizomatic model, in which the philosophical elements are seen as tactical forces deployed in the pursuit of wider strategic ends. The article concludes by highlighting paradoxes in contemporary thinking that can be traced to the legacy of normalization, specifically, the tensions between sameness, difference, equality and independence.

Services Available from Providers in the Disability Field to Older Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Laurie Buys
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

As most older adults with intellectual disabilities reside in community based accommodation, the availability of support programs and services becomes important to the maintenance of independent living. Thirty nine community based organisations in Brisbane, Australia that assist people with intellectual disabilities were surveyed regarding the types of programs offered to older adults with intellectual disabilities. The results showed that 75% of the organisations had provided assistance to an older adult with an intellectual disability in the past 12 months. However, none of the agencies surveyed reported that they provided specialised programs or services to older adults with intellectual disabilities.

Intellectual Disability in the Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

This book provides a transnational perspective on intellectual disability in the twentieth century with contributions from distinguished authors in 14 countries across 5 continents. Each chapter outlines policies and practice from the featured nation. Life stories illustrate their impact on people with intellectual disabilities and their families. The book brings together accounts of how intellectual disability was viewed, managed and experienced in countries across the globe. It examines the origins and nature of contemporary attitudes, policy and practice; and sheds light on the challenges of implementing the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCPRD).

Paradoxical lives: intellectual disability policy and practice in twentieth-century Australia

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Lee-Ann Monk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy History ◽  
History Of ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Broad Outline

This chapter uses the history of Kew Cottages, (1887-2008), the first purpose-built institution for people with intellectual disabilities in Australia, as a lens through which to explore the history of Australian intellectual disability policy and practice. Influenced by international thinking, the broad outline of Australia’s policy history follows a similar pattern to other western countries. In the first decades of the twentieth century, in an atmosphere of anxiety about the ‘menace of the feeble-minded’, policy emphasised institutional segregation. In its last decades, policies of normalisation and deinstitutionalisation promised to return people with intellectual disabilities to the community. Yet the life stories of the Cottages’ residents recounted here reveal that in the nexus between policy and practice, the lives of people with intellectual disabilities could prove paradoxical.

scholarly journals Praca osób z głębszą niepełnosprawnością intelektualną jako źródło emancypacji w kontekście samorealizacji

2018 ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Irena Ramik-Mażewska
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Autonomous Action ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

The problem of normalization, autonomy and self-determination of people with intellectual disabilities in special education has already taken its place. The consequence of this continuing discourse is the personal nature of disability, international, timeless declarations and modifications of already established rights. Recently, the emancipatory trend is gaining in importance in this discourse. It remains in close correlation with the primary objective of educating people with intellectual disabilities which is comprehensive preparation for life. It is a form of conscious self-reliance, self-knowledge and capacity to take autonomous action. One of the areas of development of self-reliance is work. The resulting interpersonal and intrapersonal experiences can become the path to emancipation. Sometimes, one that goes beyond the standards of rehabilitation.

Coping With Criticism and Praise

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Esdale ◽  
Andrew Jahoda ◽  
Carol Pert
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractThrough experiencing stigma and discrimination, people with intellectual disability may become more sensitive to criticism from others and be less likely to believe praise. This study compared how people with and without intellectual disability viewed praise and criticism, using a vignette task developed for the study. Participants were asked to imagine someone saying something praiseworthy or critical and were then asked about their emotions, beliefs, and thoughts. People with intellectual disability were more likely to believe and be distressed by criticism. Contrary to predictions, this group were also more likely to believe praise and experience positive affect. The results suggest that the self-perceptions of people with intellectual disabilities is more dynamic and reliant on the views of others.

scholarly journals Looking at the past

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-168
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Bureaucratic Corruption ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Analysis

The article describes the reminiscences of Oleksnadr Bozhko, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Armenia. Having arrived to Yerevan as the first Ambassador of independent Ukraine, the author became a witness to the events that initially led to a long-lasting political crisis, and subsequently to the unconstitutional change of Armenian government. The article analyses the tumultuous events that Ukrainian Embassy faced immediately after its opening in September 1996. At that time, the Armenian society, which for years had been patiently overcoming numerous abuses of power, the arbitrariness of oligarchs, bureaucratic corruption and bribery at courts, broke out with a riot of peaceful disobedience. It was the time when the reminiscences of the fierce Armenian-Azerbaijani War for Nagorno-Karabakh of 1991–1994 were still in minds of people when society had been drawn into an exhaustible internal political confrontation on the eve of the presidential elections. The more electoral confrontation grew, the more dissatisfying was the population with the leadership of the state. Eventually the state of emergency was introduced in the country. These factors affected further activities of Ukrainian diplomats. It was important to quickly find premises suitable for a diplomatic mission and to carry out the diplomatic procedures necessary for the launch of Embassy’s activities. The author states with sorrow that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia did not even find money to fuel a car and bring Ukrainian delegation to Yerevan. Shattered roads that have long been unrepaired, queues near bakeries and kerosene selling points, semi-empty store shelves and even faded eyes of those, with whom the author communicated, – those were sad realities of the Armenian life in the mid-nineties. The formation of the diplomatic services in both countries was carried out under difficult conditions, likewise the maintenance of diplomats’ activity in Ukraine was similarly poor then. The article also describes that the stumbling point in Ukrainian-Armenian relations was an issue of Nagorno-Karabakh. The principle of territorial integrity was one of the fundamental in security sphere of Ukraine, whereas Armenia, which acted as guarantor of Nagorno-Karabakh security, adhered to the principle of self-determination of the nation. In this respect, Armenian politicians considered everything related to the Nagorno-Karabakh issue. This dramatic problem was originated from 1921, when Nagorno-Karabakh was included to the Azerbaijani SSR. The policy of displacing the Armenians from their ancestral lands, which was deliberately carried out by the authorities of Soviet Azerbaijan, caused frustration of Armenians, dozens of thousands of whom had lived in that territory for centuries. The author analyses the cooperation with the Directorate for Political Analysis and Planning of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine regarding the defining Ukraine’s possible position in the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict. The author emphasizes that the article is not just a diplomatic memoirs but also an attempt to comprehend what has happened to us over the past two decades, looking back at the past experience. Keywords: Armenia, Embassy of Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh, Ukrainian-Armenian relations.

scholarly journals Structuring the civil service in the context of intergenerational transformation

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Nurgissa KUSHEROV
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Staff Turnover ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic

The article highlights the problems of deep intergenerational transformation in the civil service of the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade, offers a new approach to public administration in accordance with the theory of generations, formulating solutions based on the value of each generation. At the same time, frequent staff turnover, self-determination of civil servants, efficiency of civil service and other issues are analyzed in accordance with the concepts of the theory of generations. The article developed empirical recommendations that will serve as the basis for improving some functions of the civil service.

Intellectual Disability, Identity, and the Internet

2013 ◽  
pp. 198-223
Author(s):  
Darren D. Chadwick ◽  
Chris Fullwood ◽  
Caroline J. Wesson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Disability Identity ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Online Behaviour ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

This chapter provides insight into the nature of online engagement by people with intellectual disabilities, the extent and quality of this engagement in terms of the access that people have, and how people with intellectual disabilities present themselves in the online world. The authors of this chapter provide an overview of the extant literature on intellectual disability, identity, and the Internet. The chapter begins by outlining issues around Internet use and access by people with intellectual disabilities, including potential barriers. It then moves on to address online behaviour and the potential benefits of Internet use for people with intellectual disabilities. The chief focus of the chapter follows, describing the manner in which computer mediated communication affects how people with intellectual disabilities present themselves in the online world as well as considering the role that family members and supporters play in the development and management of people’s online identities. Finally, the chapter introduces future directions for research into intellectual disability, identity, and the Internet.

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