ANALYSIS OF CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIAN GROUP OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

Background. One of the main directions in the field of ensuring radiation safety of “nuclear legacy” facilities is the assessment of radiation effects and most significant radiogenic risks in employees of nuclear enterprises and their descendants.Objective. Analysis of the cancer incidence among employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of their professional activities.Material and Methods. The actual values and standardized estimated risks of developing cancer among the SGCE workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation were calculated using generally accepted methods based on the information of the regional medical dosimetry registry of Seversk Biophysical Research Center of FMBA, containing updated data on all SGCE employees diagnosed with cancer (period from 01.01.1950 to 31.12.2015 inclusive). The control group consisted of workers who were not occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.Results. Among the male personnel of the SGCE, the highest incidence of cancer of the digestive, respiratory, and skin organs (including melanoma) was observed in patients aged 50–59 and 70–79 years. Among the female workers, the highest cancer incidence was in the age group 40–49 years; cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, genital tract and breast was the most common. The cancer incidence rate in the SGCE workers who occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was not higher that that observed in the control group. The median age of male cancer patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly lower than the median age of male cancer patients of the control group. In female cancer patients, a significant difference in the median age of cancer diagnosis was found only in relation to skin cancer. Both male and female SGCE personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was at high risk of certain cancers: among male patients – cancer of the mesothelium and soft tissues, genital organs, eyes and brain, as well as multiple primary tumors; among female patients – cancer of lips, oral cavity, pharynx, digestive system, respiratory system, skin (including melanoma), mesothelium, soft tissues, breast, urinary tract, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, as well as multiple primary tumors.Conclusion. The data obtained will allow determination of the main directions for assessing the health risks of personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the formation of a set of measures aimed at improving the system of protection and improving the health of workers at radiation hazardous enterprises and the extension of their working longevity.

Predictors of Acute Myocardial Infarction Development in Personnel of Radiation Dangerous Plants. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety

Purpose: To examine the predictors of acute myocardial infarction development and to evaluate the relationship of the radiation component (external γ-radiation) with the probability of developing acute myocardial infarction in workers of radiation-dangerous plants working age (under 60 for men, 55 for women), by the example of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises personnel. Material and methods: The work is based on the results of a prospective population study (1998–2013). The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was verified in 540 people of working age (34 women and 506 men). For each case selected control (n = 1,080) among the employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises, passed periodic medical examination in the study period. Every person was described by means of 46 variables including characteristics of social status, a number of risk factors, associated diseases, biochemical indices including the level of general cholesterol, the main clinical data, cumulative dose of external radiation and the amount of 239Pu content in an organism. Results: It was determined that in the group of the personnel of working age the most important traditional predictors of acute myocardial infarction, less important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease are conditions of the individual accumulation of a dose, but not the magnitude of the total external doses in the evaluation range. Conclusion: To improve the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the level of morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction, it is recommended to form risk groups taking into account the most significant predictors of this disease (age, systolic blood pressure, smoking). For the personnel of radiation dangerous plants working age insignificant conditions for the formation of radiation dose (age of first exposure, the rate of accumulation of radiation dose, duration of exposure) under conditions of trouble-free operation of the equipment. Active measures for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and targeted correction of detected somatic disorders for the prevention of acute vascular catastrophes are expedient for workers of radiation hazardous industries from 40 to 60 years with an individual risk of acute myocardial infarction less than 50 % using the model described below.

The Role of Bak1 Methylation in the Induction of Chromosomal Aberrations under Chronic Low-Intensity External Radiation

Purpose: To study the relationship between the methylation status of the Bаk1 promoter and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in human blood lymphocytes under chronic low-intensity external ionizing radiation. Material and methods: The study was performed on 41 people (31 men and 10 women, aged from 36 to 83 years) who are former or current employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises, who have been exposed or haven't been exposed to chronic low-intensity external radiation in the course of their professional activities. The workers included in the study were divided into two groups: the first – 15 people who did not have exposure, the second – 26 people who had external exposure (gamma radiation, total dose 89–716 mSv). Whole blood was used to isolate DNA and evaluate chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes. The methylation status of the Bаk1 promoter was determined using methylsensitive PCR, which was performed after pretreatment of the isolated DNA with methylsensitive AoxI restrictase. The obtained quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistica 10. The differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The methylation status of the Bаk1 promoter in the study groups does not differ (p = 0.18). The study of the effect of external radiation dose on the methylation status of the Bak1 promoter showed that the unmethylated promoter prevails in workers with an average radiation dose of 273.37 ± 43.82 mSv, while the methylated promoter – in workers with an average radiation dose of 183.63 ± 20.58 mSv (p = 0.03). The unmethylated promoter Bаk1 is associated with an increased frequency of chromatid fragments in the blood lymphocytes of group 2 workers (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The status of methylation of the Bаk1 promoter in human blood lymphocytes under chronic low-intensity ionizing radiation does not change, but it is observed to depend on the radiation dose and is associated with an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations (chromatid fragments). Thus, the unmethylated Bаk1 promoter prevails when the external radiation dose is increased. An increase in the frequency of chromatid fragments is associated with an unmethylated Bаk1 promoter. In addition, exposure to chronic low-intensity external radiation is accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of chromosomal fragments in the blood lymphocytes of workers of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises.

MUSICAL FOLKLORE OF SIBERIAN UDMURTS IN SOUND COLLECTIONS OF THE UDMURT INSTITUTE OF HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF THE UDMFRC UB RAS

The article considers archival sound collections according to the musical and song tradition of the Siberian group of Udmurts living in the Krasnoyarsk region and the Tomsk region. The main stock repository today is the phonogrammarchiv of the Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature of the UdmFRC UB RAS. Expeditionary recordings made in 1974 and 2006 make it possible to trace the state of musical folklore in dynamics. Analysis of the field material showed a decrease in the number of songs and the complete disappearance of rites in late recordings, while the layer of non-ritual songs survived quite well. The same phenomenon (partial disappearance of the rite layer of songs and the prevalence of the non-ritual) we see in the Udmurt traditional culture. In our opinion, this is facilitated by the emotional component of non-ritual songs, which is relevant at all times. During the course of the work, new materials stored in other funds were identified and will be considered in subsequent studies. The further planned comparative analysis of musical folklore of the Udmurt resettlement tradition with autochthonous tradition will allow relating the degree of preservation and/or loss of its components.

Factors Influencing the Health Condition of the Adult Population Residing in the Activity Area of Atomic Industry Enterprise

Purpose: Development of the basic directions of a modern strategy for protecting the health of the adult population living in the activity zone of nuclear industry enterprises (using the example of the Seversk population). Material and methods: The object of the study was the population of the city of Seversk, formed around the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises. The subject of the study was demographic indicators; disability; incidence of malignant neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory system, injuries and accidents); socio-economic, behavioral and technological risk factors affecting the occurrence of major diseases. Results: It was established that by the end of the study period (1970–2017), the studied population was in a state of natural population decline due to a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in mortality, while the mortality rate exceeded the birth rate. During the period under review, the primary incidence of malignant neoplasia significantly increased; at the same time, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the frequency of injuries and poisoning, decreased. Among the adult population of Seversk, behavioral factors (the habit of smoking, regular use of alcohol, a sedentary lifestyle, lack of regular physical activity) are more common than socio-economic (living conditions, financial situation) risk factors. Important risk factors are incorrect assessment by citizens of their own health and the reasons for its violation. Among Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises workers exposed to tekhnogenic risk factor (long-term occupational exposure), there is an increased risk of cancer death of all localizations taken together, respiratory and digestive organs; bones, joints, mesothelium, soft tissues and genitals. At the same time, the risk of oncological mortality during irradiation was not exceeded in the range of small doses of (up to 100 mSv), and for any of the localization of malignant neoplasms this effect is not dose-dependent. Conclusion: The data obtained made it possible to specify and substantiate the basic directions of the modern strategy for protecting the health of the adult population living in the activity zone of nuclear industry enterprises (using the example of the Seversk population).

Genome Wide Association Study of an Association between Gene Polymorphisms and the Increased Frequency of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in the Persons Exposed to Long-Term Irradiation

Purpose: To conduct genome wide association study of the association of 750,000 SNPs and an increased frequency of different types of chromosomal aberrations, induced by chronic irradiation in the dose range of 100–300 mSv. Material and methods: The study was conducted among Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises healthy employees (n = 37) exposed to professional external γ-radiation in a dose range of 100–300 mSv. The de novo induced CNVs were previously detected in these persons. Mean dose – 188.8 ± 8.3 mSv, median – 185 mSv, interquartile range – 147.8–218.7 mSv, min – 103.4 mSv, max – 295.8 mSv. Genotyping of DNA samples from 37 employees was carried out by microarray CytoScan™ HD Array (Affymetrix, USA), containing 750,000 SNP-markers of 36,000 genes. The standard cytogenetic analysis was performed in the entire examined group. Results: We analyzed the association of these SNPs with the frequencies of aberrant cells and following chromosomal aberrations: single chromatid fragments, chromatid exchanges, paired fragments, dicentrics, rings, and translocations. We have found that 8 SNPs (rs10779468, rs158735, rs158710, rs158712, rs11131536, rs528170, rs9533572, rs10512439) are associated with the frequency of aberrant cells. Conclusion: We have discovered polymorphic variants that are associated with an increased frequency of aberrant cells in workers of Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises exposed to irradiation at a dose of 100–300 mSv. This polymorphic variants can be considered as potential markers of individual radiosensitivity. To confirm identified associations, further validation studies on an extended sample of people exposed to radiation are needed.

MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE PUBLIC LANDS OF THE KUZNETSK REGION IN THE "POST-REFORM" PERIOD

The current paper features the migratory process on the state lands in the Kuzbass region in the late 1860s – early 1890s. The purpose of the research is to present data on the main problems and features of the resettlement movement in the subregion. The article reviews a significant amount of sources on the matter. An analysis of the statistical and narrative data obtained from the works by A. A.Kauffman, V. N.Sobolev et al allowed the author to make a detailed description of the process in question. No other summary research on Kuzbass history reflects the subject, thus making it possible to use the current results for educational and scientific purposes. The author has allocated and characterized the stages of the migratory process, its dynamics and local features. Up to the middle of the 1880s the settling process was quite active on the territory of the modern Kuzbass, especially in its northwest part, which resulted in dozens of new agricultural settlements populated by farmers from all over the Russian Empire. A new stage of country migrations on the royal lands began in the middle of the 1880s. In 1885 the Ministry of Internal Affairs set up the West Siberian group to deal with the resettlement sites on the local state lands. In 1882 – 1893, 40 new settlements were created on the royal lands of Bogotolsky, Dmitriyevsky, Alchedatsky, Baimsky and Pochitansky areas of the Mariinsky district and the Ishim area of the Tomsk district of the Tomsk province (within the territorial borders of the nowadays Kuzbass), 27 of which were to the southeast from Mariinsk.