ASSESSMENT OF LYMPHOID NEOPLASM RISK FACTORS IN PEOPLE OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO PROLONGED IONIZING RADIATION

Objective: To estimate the incidence of malignant neoplasms of lymphoid tissue (MNLT) among employees of the siberian chemical combine (SCC) occupationally exposed to prolonged ionizing radiation.Material and methods. The study included 44,041 employees of the SCC, of whom 16,938 were occupationally exposed to prolonged low-intensity ionizing radiation (IR). Of 295 cases with hemoblastoses, there were 89 with occupational exposure to IR. The structure and incidence of hemoblastoses (based on the number of person-years of observation, (PYO), as well as the standardized relative risk (SRR) of their development and excess relative risk (err) per unit dose of radiation (GR) were evaluated. Calculation of SRR was carried out for the following intervals of the total dose of external exposure: 0; >0–0.05; >0.05–0.10; >0.10-0.15; >0.15–0.20; >0.20-0.30; >0.30-0.50; >0.5–1.0; ≥ 1.0 Gy. The control group consisted of occupationally non-exposed employees of the SCC. The calculation of SRR and err was performed using the poisson regression using the amfit module of the EPICURE package.Results. The incidence of MNLT among males of SCC was 17.1 per 100,000 PYO, with the highest incidence rates for Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic leukemia (CL) excluding CLL. Among females of the SCC, the incidence of MNLT was 21.3 per 100,000 PYO. It was found that in none of the intervals of the external exposure there was no statistically significant excess of the SRR compared with the control group. The results of ERR/GY calculation also did not demonstrate the increased risk of hemoblastosis among people occupationally exposed to IR.Conclusion. Occupational exposure in the studied dose range does not increase the risk of developing MNLT.

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Descriptive characteristics of gynecological malignant neoplasms

Tumors of female reproductive system ◽

10.17650/1994-4098-2021-17-3-79-88 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 79-88

Author(s):

A. V. Rumyantseva ◽

M. V. Bannikova ◽

T. V. Azizova

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Main Group ◽

Nuclear Industry ◽

Control Group ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Mayak Production Association ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

The One

Background. Gynecological malignant neoplasms (GMN) are the leading disease group among female cancers.Objective: to characterize GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods.Materials and methods. The cohort considered in the study included females (n = 5689) who had been hired at the Mayak Production Association in the period between 1948 and 1982. All these females were exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods during their employment. They were followed up until 31.12.2018. Two groups of females were identified in the study cohort: the one with a verified GMN (the main group) and another one free of GMN (the control group). The occupational and reproductive characteristics were analyzed for the identified groups of females, and associations of GMN with various risk factors were assessed.Results. Among GMN the uterine corpus cancer had the top position. In 70 % of the females GMN were diagnosed during a menopausal period. The females of the main group demonstrated significantly higher frequency of underlying pre-malignant conditions (endometriosis, uterine myoma, endometrial hyperplastic processes, ovarian epidermoids, menopausal bleedings) compared to the control group.Conclusion. Studies of GMN in females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods for sure are of a certain scientific and practical interest. The findings can provide the basis for specialized cancer care for employees of the nuclear industry.

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Pregnancy Outcome Following Gestational Exposure to Fluoroquinolones: a Multicenter Prospective Controlled Study

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.42.6.1336 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1336-1339 ◽

Cited By ~ 157

Author(s):

Ronen Loebstein ◽

Antonio Addis ◽

Elaine Ho ◽

Roseann Andreou ◽

Suzanne Sage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

In Utero ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Clinically Significant

ABSTRACT Concerns regarding the teratogenicity of fluoroquinolones have resulted in their restricted use during gestation. This is despite an increasing need for their use due to emerging bacterial resistance. The objectives of the present investigation were to evaluate pregnancy and fetal outcomes following maternal exposure to fluoroquinolones and to examine whether in utero exposure to quinolones is associated with clinically significant musculoskeletal dysfunctions. We prospectively enrolled and followed up 200 women exposed to fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin) during gestation. Pregnancy outcome was compared with that for 200 controls matched for age and for smoking and alcohol consumption habits. Controls were exposed to nonteratogenic, nonembryotoxic antimicrobial agents matched by indication, duration of therapy (±3 days), and trimester of exposure. Rates of major congenital malformations did not differ between the group exposed to quinolones in the first trimester (2.2%) and the control group (2.6%) (relative risk, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 3.49). Women treated with quinolones had a tendency for an increased rate of therapeutic abortions compared with the rate among women exposed to nonteratogens (relative risk, 4.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.98 to 20.57), resulting in lower live-birth rates (86 versus 94%; P = 0.02). The rates of spontaneous abortions, fetal distress, and prematurity and the birth weight did not differ between the groups. Gross motor developmental milestone achievements did not differ between the children of the mothers in the two groups. We concluded that the use of fluoroquinolones during embryogenesis is not associated with an increased risk of major malformations. There were no clinically significant musculoskeletal dysfunctions in children exposed to fluoroquinolones in utero. The higher rate of therapeutic abortions observed in quinolone-exposed women compared to that for their controls may be secondary to the misperception of a major risk related to quinolone use during pregnancy.

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Anxiety and depression in parents 4–9 years after the loss of a child owing to a malignancy: a population-based follow-up

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704002740 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1431-1441 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

ULRIKA KREICBERGS ◽

UNNUR VALDIMARSDÓTTIR ◽

ERIK ONELÖV ◽

JAN-INGE HENTER ◽

GUNNAR STEINECK

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Stressful Life Event ◽

Population Based ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Bereaved Parents ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Loss Of A Child

Background. Some consider the loss of a child as the most stressful life event. When the death is caused by a malignancy, the parents are commonly exposed not only to their own loss, but also to the protracted physical and emotional suffering of the child. We investigated parental risk of anxiety and depression 4–9 years after the loss of a child owing to a malignancy.Method. In 2001, we attempted to contact all parents in Sweden who had lost a child due to a malignancy during 1992–1997. We used an anonymous postal questionnaire and utilized a control group of non-bereaved parents with a living child.Results. Participation among bereaved parents was 449/561 (80%); among non-bereaved 457/659 (69%). We found an increased risk of anxiety (relative risk 1·5, 95% confidence interval 1·1–1·9) and depression (relative risk 1·4, 95% confidence interval 1·1–1·7) among bereaved parents compared with non-bereaved. The risk of anxiety and depression was higher in the period 4–6 years after bereavement than in the 7–9 years period, during which the average excess risks approached zero. Psychological distress was overall higher among bereaved mothers and loss of a child aged 9 years or older implied an increased risk, particularly for fathers.Conclusions. Psychological morbidity in bereaved parents decreases to levels similar to those among non-bereaved parents 7–9 years after the loss. Bereaved mothers and parents who lose a child 9 years or older have on average an excess risk for long-term psychological distress.

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Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Exhibit Altered Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Parameters

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8010012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Iman M. Ahmad ◽

Maher Y. Abdalla ◽

Tiffany A. Moore ◽

Lisa Bartenhagen ◽

Adam J. Case ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Exposed Workers ◽

Immune Alterations ◽

Occupationally Exposed

Studies have shown an increased risk for a variety of cancers, specifically brain cancer, in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Although the mechanisms mediating these phenomena are not fully understood, ionizing radiation-mediated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and immune modulation are likely involved. A group of 20 radiation exposed workers and 40 sex- and age-matched non-exposed control subjects were recruited for the study. We measured superoxide (O2•−) levels in whole blood of healthcare workers and all other measurements of cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) activity and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) in plasma. Levels of O2•− were significantly higher in radiation exposed workers compared to control. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in radiation exposed workers compared to control was observed, while there was no significance difference in the other 27 screened cytokines. A significant positive correlation was found between MIP-1α and O2•− levels with no correlation in either IL-6 or IL-1α. Further, a dose-dependent relationship with significant O2•− production and immune alterations in radiation exposed workers was demonstrated. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of oxidative DNA damage, GSH/GSSG levels, or EcSOD activity. Although the biologic significance of cytokines alterations in radiation exposed workers is unclear, further studies are needed for determining the underlying mechanism of their elevation.

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Exposure to crystalline silica in Canadian workplaces and the risk of kidney cancer

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2019-105870 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (9) ◽

pp. 668-671

Author(s):

Cheryl E Peters ◽

Laura Bogaert ◽

Lidija Latifovic ◽

Linda Kachuri ◽

Shelley A Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Kidney Cancer ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Population Based ◽

Crystalline Silica ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

Canadian Provinces

ObjectivesThe causes of kidney cancer are not well understood though occupational exposures are thought to play a role. Crystalline silica is a known human carcinogen, and despite previous links with kidney disease, there have been few studies investigating its association with kidney cancer. We addressed this research gap using a population-based case-control study of Canadian men.MethodsQuestionnaire data were obtained from individuals with histologically confirmed kidney cancer, and population-based controls recruited from eight Canadian provinces (1994–1997). An industrial hygienist characterised participants’ lifetime occupational exposure, and their confidence in the assessment (possibly, probably or definitely exposed) to silica on three dimensions (intensity, frequency and duration), and cumulative exposure was estimated. Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsNearly half of the 689 kidney cancer cases (49%) and 2369 controls (44%) had ever been occupationally exposed to crystalline silica. In a fully adjusted model, workers ever-exposed to silica had a slightly increased risk of kidney cancer relative to those who were unexposed (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.32). Odds were modestly (and generally not statistically significantly) increased for models with duration of exposure and cumulative exposure, though exposure-response relationships were not evident.ConclusionsOur findings do not provide evidence that occupational exposure to crystalline silica increases risk of kidney cancer in men.

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Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Receiving Ibrutinib

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v128.22.5597.5597 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 (22) ◽

pp. 5597-5597 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Benjamin Andrick ◽

Abulrahman Alwhaibi ◽

David DeRemer ◽

Sameera Quershi ◽

Rahil Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Pneumococcal Infection ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Current Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Due to immune dysregulation and subsequent increased risk of infection associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), both the CDC and ACIP recommend patients with CLL receive the 13- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV13). The effect of ibrutinib, a selective inhibitor ofBruton'styrosine kinase (BTK) which effects B-antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, on IgG antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination in patients with CLL has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response to PCV13 in patients receiving in ibrutinib and CLL control patients (no active treatment). Methods Study patients were enrolled on an IRB approved protocol at Georgia Cancer Center. Specific inclusion criteria a) histological confirmed CLL as defined by WHO classification b) no current therapy (CLL control) c) ibrutinib 420 mg/day (active) d) ECOG ≤ 2. Exclusion criteria a) Previous vaccination with PCV13 within 2 years b) anti-CD20 therapy within last 6 months c) IVIG therapy within 6 weeks. Serum pneumococcal antibody assessment was performed by microsphere photometry on subjects at Day 0 and Day 30 days following vaccination. Antibody specific serotypes (1, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23) were determined by ELISA. Pre- and post- vaccination expression of BTK and HACS1 (hematopoietic adapter containing SH3 and SAM protein) of CD19+ lymphocytes was determined by Western Blot analysis. The primary objective was to determine whether concurrent administration of PCV13 in patients receiving ibrutinib generates a ≥ 2 fold increase in ≥ 3 of pneumococcal serotypes as compared to the control group. Secondary objectives were to evaluate expression BTK and HACS in both study groups. Results At interim analysis, 9 patients have been enrolled to date, with 8 patients (n=4 ibrutinib, n=4 CLL control) having completed pre and post-vaccination assessments. The median patient age was 69 yo(range: 53-77 yo) with 75% ≥ 65 yo. All CLL control patients (4/4) generated a ≥ 2 fold increase in ≥ 3 of pneumococcal serotypes, whereas (0/4) of ibrutinib patients generated an adequate immune response to PCV13 (p=0.029; Fisher exact). See Table 1 for mean serotype changes in both patient cohorts. Conclusions Preliminary data suggests that patients who are receiving ibrutinib group do not generate an effective immune response to PCV13 vaccination compared to untreated CLL controls. This may have an impact on susceptibility and response to infection with pneumococcal infection as well. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Impact of Low-Dose Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation on T-Cell Populations and Subpopulations and Humoral Factors Included in the Immune Response

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325818785564 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 155932581878556 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilona Gyuleva ◽

Jana Djounova ◽

Ivanka Rupova

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cell ◽

Occupational Exposure ◽

Low Dose ◽

Dose Range ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Control Group ◽

T Helper ◽

Humoral Factors

The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of low-dose occupational exposure on T helper response. One Hundred five employees working in Nuclear Power Plant, Kozloduy, Bulgaria and control group of 32 persons are included in this investigation. Flow cytometry measurements of T-cell populations and subpopulations and natural killer T cells are performed and levels of G, A, and M immunoglobulins and interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and interferon γ were determined. The data interpreted with regard to cumulative doses, length of service, and age. The results of the present study are not enough to outline a clear impact of occupational radiation exposure on T helper populations. Nevertheless, the observed even slight trends in some lymphocyte’s populations and in cytokines profile give us the reason to assume a possibility of a gradual polarization of T helper 1 to T helper 2 immune response at dose range 100 to 200 mSv. The results of the present study indicate the need to perform a more detailed epidemiological survey including potential confounding and misclassifying factors and possible selection bias that could influence the results.

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Paternal Occupational Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals as a Risk Factor for Leukaemia in Children: A Case-Control Study from the North of England

Advances in Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2014/323189 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Mark S. Pearce ◽

Lucy R. Baxter ◽

Louise Parker

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Control Group ◽

Live Births ◽

The North ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Control Study ◽

Polychlorinated Organic Compounds

Occupations with exposures to a variety of chemicals, including those thought to be potential endocrine disruptors, have been associated with an increased risk of leukaemia in offspring. We investigated whether an association exists between paternal occupations at birth involving such exposures and risk of leukaemia in offspring. Cases (n=958) were matched, on sex and year of birth, to controls from two independent sources, one other cancers, one cancer-free live births. Paternal occupations at birth were classified, using an occupational exposure matrix, as having “very unlikely,” “possible,” or “likely” exposure to six groups of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals. There was a significantly increased risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) for polychlorinated organic compounds (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.08–3.54) only in comparison with cancer-free controls, and for phthalates (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.00–2.61) only with registry controls. A number of other, including inverse, associations were seen, but limited to one control group only. No associations were seen with likely paternal exposure to heavy metals. The associations identified in this study require further investigation, with better exposure and potential confounding (for example maternal variables) information, to evaluate the likelihood of true associations to assess whether they are real or due to chance.

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Hepatitis E virus infection in North Italy: high seroprevalence in swine herds and increased risk for swine workers

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268817002485 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 145 (16) ◽

pp. 3375-3384 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

L. MUGHINI-GRAS ◽

G. ANGELONI ◽

C. SALATA ◽

N. VONESCH ◽

W. D'AMICO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Bile Sample ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Swine Workers ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Swine Herds

SUMMARYWe determined the hepatitis E virus (HEV) seroprevalence and detection rate in commercial swine herds in Italy's utmost pig-rich area, and assessed HEV seropositivity risk in humans as a function of occupational exposure to pigs, diet, foreign travel, medical history and hunting activities. During 2011–2014, 2700 sera from 300 swine herds were tested for anti-HEV IgG. HEV RNA was searched in 959 faecal pools from HEV-seropositive herds and in liver/bile/muscle samples from 179 pigs from HEV-positive herds. A cohort study of HEV seropositivity in swine workers (n = 149) was also performed using two comparison groups of people unexposed to swine: omnivores (n = 121) and vegetarians/vegans (n = 115). Herd-level seroprevalence was 75·6% and was highest in farrow-to-feeder herds (81·6%). Twenty-six out of 105 (24·8%) herds had HEV-positive faecal samples (25 HEV-3, one HEV-4). Only one bile sample tested positive. HEV seropositivity was 12·3% in swine workers, 0·9% in omnivores and 3·0% in vegetarians/vegans. Factors significantly associated with HEV seropositivity were occupational exposure to pigs, travel to Africa and increased swine workers’ age. We concluded that HEV is widespread in Italian swine herds and HEV-4 circulation is alarming given its pathogenicity, with those occupationally exposed to pigs being at increased risk of HEV seropositivity.

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ANALYSIS OF CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIAN GROUP OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

Siberian Journal of Oncology ◽

10.21294/1814-4861-2021-20-5-5-17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 5-17

Author(s):

D. E. Kalinkin ◽

R. M. Takhauov ◽

I. V. Milto ◽

A. B. Karpov ◽

L. R. Takhauova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Multiple Primary Tumors ◽

Multiple Primary ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

Siberian Group

Background. One of the main directions in the field of ensuring radiation safety of “nuclear legacy” facilities is the assessment of radiation effects and most significant radiogenic risks in employees of nuclear enterprises and their descendants.Objective. Analysis of the cancer incidence among employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of their professional activities.Material and Methods. The actual values and standardized estimated risks of developing cancer among the SGCE workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation were calculated using generally accepted methods based on the information of the regional medical dosimetry registry of Seversk Biophysical Research Center of FMBA, containing updated data on all SGCE employees diagnosed with cancer (period from 01.01.1950 to 31.12.2015 inclusive). The control group consisted of workers who were not occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.Results. Among the male personnel of the SGCE, the highest incidence of cancer of the digestive, respiratory, and skin organs (including melanoma) was observed in patients aged 50–59 and 70–79 years. Among the female workers, the highest cancer incidence was in the age group 40–49 years; cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, genital tract and breast was the most common. The cancer incidence rate in the SGCE workers who occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was not higher that that observed in the control group. The median age of male cancer patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly lower than the median age of male cancer patients of the control group. In female cancer patients, a significant difference in the median age of cancer diagnosis was found only in relation to skin cancer. Both male and female SGCE personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was at high risk of certain cancers: among male patients – cancer of the mesothelium and soft tissues, genital organs, eyes and brain, as well as multiple primary tumors; among female patients – cancer of lips, oral cavity, pharynx, digestive system, respiratory system, skin (including melanoma), mesothelium, soft tissues, breast, urinary tract, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, as well as multiple primary tumors.Conclusion. The data obtained will allow determination of the main directions for assessing the health risks of personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the formation of a set of measures aimed at improving the system of protection and improving the health of workers at radiation hazardous enterprises and the extension of their working longevity.

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