THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SEED COAT DAMAGE IN THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY LEGUME SEEDS

1981 ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison A. Powell ◽  
S. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Legume Seeds

scholarly journals Strategic directions of increase of bean production in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
V. I. Sichkar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
The Impact

Goal. Based on the results to substantiate the need for a significant increase in legume crops in Ukraine on the basis of analysis of food and feed indicators of their seeds, the impact on soil quality and the environment. Material and methods. Field – determination of features of growth and development of plants, elements of seed productivity; biometric and measuring-weight – accounting of yield and total biomass; biochemical – determination of protein, fat and other components of seeds; statistical – variation, regression and analysis of variance. Results and discussion. The significant nutritional value of legume seeds, which is rich in high-quality protein with a high content of essential amino acids, isoflavones, essential micronutrients, is substantiated. It is distinguished by high taste, quickly swells and boils, has a pleasant aroma. This group of crops is able to fix nitrogen from the air, provide for their own needs and leave a significant amount of it in the soil for subsequent crop rotations. Legumes should be considered in the crop rotation system together with winter wheat as fallow crops. Their synergistic effect on subsequent crop rotations is explained by the peculiarity of the microflora of the root zone, where symbiotic and free-living bacteria are concentrated. Observations indicate the need to increase crops of pea, chickpea and lentil in Ukraine, as there are all the necessary conditions - adapted to insufficient moisture varieties, developed technology for their cultivation, accumulated positive experience for obtaining high yields. Conclusions. Based on our own results and analysis of the experience of many countries around the world revealed the importance of legumes for our country. Their role in providing high-quality food, improving soil quality, increasing the country’s export potential is noted

scholarly journals Mechanical damage caused by the use of grain carts for transport during soybean seed harvest

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Albaneze ◽  
Francisco Amaral Villela ◽  
Jean Carlo Possenti ◽  
Karina Guollo ◽  
Ivan Carlos Riedo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Harvest

Abstract: Mechanical damage constitutes one of the factors limiting production of high quality soybean seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on seed viability and mechanical damage caused to soybean seeds when using a grain cart, together with an auger unloading system, as a means of transporting grain from the combine to the truck. Seed samples were collected in two seed production fields in the region of Abelardo Luz, SC, Brazil, at three different times (10:00, 12:30, and 16:00) and from three places (in the combine grain tank, in the grain wagon, and in the truck). The percentages of broken seeds, moisture content, mechanical damage to the seed coat, and germination were evaluated. The use of auxiliary grain cart equipment contributed to an increase in breakage and mechanical injury in seeds, worsening seed viability. Seeds collected at lower moisture contents had higher breakage and higher rates of mechanical damage.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI SENYAWA FENOL DAN POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN DARI KACANG-KACANGAN: REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Nurud Diniyah ◽  
Sang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Legume Seeds

Legumes are good dietary source of bioactive phenolic compounds which play significant roles in many physiological as well as metabolic processes. Flavonoids, phenolic acids and condensed tannins are the main phenolic compounds that are provide in legume seeds. Majority of the phenolic compounds are serving in the legume seed coats. The majority of seed coat of legume seeds are phenolic acids and flavonoids (mainly catechins and procyanidins). Gallic and protocatechuic acids are common in kidney bean and mung bean. Almost 70% of total phenolic compounds in lentils and cranberry beans (seed coat) are catechins and procyanidins. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds is in lineal intercourse with their chemical structures such as number as well as position of the hydroxyl groups. Processing mostly conducts to the alleviation of phenolic compounds in legumes because of chemical rearrangements. Phenolic content also lessen due to leaching of water-soluble phenolic compounds into the cooking water. This review provides comprehensive information of phenolic compounds identified in grain legume seeds along with discussing their antioxidant. Keywords: antioxidant activity, legume seeds, phenolic compounds, processing

scholarly journals The seed coat of Phaseolus vulgaris interferes with the development of the cowpea weevil [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)]

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana B. Silva ◽  
Maurício P. Sales ◽  
Antônia E. A. Oliveira ◽  
Olga L. T. Machado ◽  
Kátia V. S. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
The Common

We have confirmed here that the seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) do not support development of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), a pest of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] seeds. Analysis of the testa (seed coat) of the bean suggested that neither thickness nor the levels of compounds such as tannic acid, tannins, or HCN are important for the resistance. On the other hand, we have found that phaseolin (vicilin-like 7S storage globulin), detected in the testa by Western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing, is detrimental to the development of C. maculatus. As for the case of other previously studied legume seeds (Canavalia ensiformis and Phaseolus lunatus) we suggest that the presence of vicilin-like proteins in the testa of P. vulgaris may have had a significant role in the evolutionary adaptation of bruchids to the seeds of leguminous plants.

Effect of boiling water, seed coat structure and provenance on the germination of Acacia melanoxylon seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey E. Burrows ◽  
James M. Virgona ◽  
Roger D. Heady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Acacia Melanoxylon ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Timber Tree ◽  
Water Treatments

Acacia melanoxylon (Mimosoideae or Mimosaceae) is a high quality timber tree with an extensive natural distribution in Australia and a wide genetic and phenotypic diversity. Seeds from three widely differing provenances in Tasmania were tested to determine whether they had different responses to various dormancy-breaking treatments. All provenances had limited germination (<11%) if seeds were untreated and between 85% and 91% germination after 40 days if the seeds were nicked. For all provenances short (≤60 s) exposure to boiling water gave high germination percentages. These values were generally lower, although usually not significantly so, than the germination percentages following nicking. Germination percentages decreased with increasing time of exposure to boiling water, although one provenance had a significantly greater tolerance to one of the longer (20 min) treatments. Nicked seeds germinated quickly and uniformly, whereas those subjected to the boiling-water treatments germinated after a longer period and more gradually. In untreated seeds, the lens was a low, elliptically shaped dome (~110–135 µm wide, 140–190 µm long). In more than 99% of the seeds examined, the structure of the lens was markedly altered after a 10-s exposure to boiling water. A wide diversity of altered lens structure was found, from a circular hole between the macrosclereids, to a short fissure where the macrosclereids did not separate to their bases. Nicked seeds had a 200–375 times greater area for water uptake than a fully disrupted lens and this was probably the principal reason why the nicked seeds germinated sooner and more rapidly.

Flavonoid content in different legume germplasm seeds quantified by HPLC

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Wang ◽  
A. G. Gillaspie ◽  
J. B. Morris ◽  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
J. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Seed Coat Colour ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Flavonoid content was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and seed-coat colour was recorded from different legume seeds. Soybean seeds generally contained significantly higher amounts of daidzein (315–354 μg/g), genistein (438–458 μg/g), kaempferol (38–68 μg/g) and total measured flavonoids (892–917 μg/g), while cowpea and peanut seeds contained a significantly higher amount of quercetin (214–280 μg/g and 133–289 μg/g, respectively) than the other legumes tested. Significant variation for flavonoid content existed among and within legume species. Daidzein was significantly correlated with genistein and kaempferol (r = 0.92, P < 0.0001; r = 0.68, P < 0.0001), respectively. Genistein was also significantly correlated with kaempferol (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001). Due to differences in genetic background, no consistent relationship was observed between seed-coat colour and flavonoid content. Variation observed in flavonoid content and seed-coat colour would be useful for legume breeding programmes and consumer use.

Relating Mechanical Changes at the Glass Transition with Water Absorption Behavior of Dry Legume Seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Ross ◽  
Susan D. Arntfield ◽  
Stefan Cenkowski ◽  
Gary R. G. Fulcher
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Exponential Equation ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Seed Coats

This work provides a novel view of explaining water uptake behavior commonly observed in legume seeds. A model proposed by Peleg to describe the mechanical changes in biomaterials transitioning from a glassy state to a rubbery state was used to describe water uptake by legume seeds exhibiting a lag during imbibition and to characterize the mechanical changes of the seed coat as affected by soaking time. The seeds characterized by Peleg’s model possessed seed coats with a glass transition temperature higher than ambient soaking conditions. Alternatively, the water uptake behavior of legume seeds that did not exhibit a lag phase was characterized by an exponential equation used in polymer science to model solvent sorption by materials above their glass transition. A modified exponential equation was developed to model the mechanical behavior of these seed coats as affected by soaking time. Seeds characterized by the exponential equation possessed seed coats with a glass transition temperature near ambient soaking conditions. This work demonstrates, through the use of two separate models, water uptake behavior of legume seeds can be explained by the glass transition temperature of the seed coat.

Some problems of objective-prism spectra classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
E. K. Kharadze ◽  
R. A. Bartaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Objective Prism

The unique 70-cm meniscus-type telescope of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory supplied with two objective prisms and the seeing conditions characteristic at Mount Kanobili (Abastumani) permit us to obtain stellar spectra of a high quality. No additional design to improve the “climate” immediately around the telescope itself is being applied. The dispersions and photographic magnitude limits are 160 and 660Å/mm, and 12–13, respectively. The short-wave end of spectra reaches 3500–3400Å.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

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