scholarly journals Strategic directions of increase of bean production in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
V. I. Sichkar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
The Impact

Goal. Based on the results to substantiate the need for a significant increase in legume crops in Ukraine on the basis of analysis of food and feed indicators of their seeds, the impact on soil quality and the environment. Material and methods. Field – determination of features of growth and development of plants, elements of seed productivity; biometric and measuring-weight – accounting of yield and total biomass; biochemical – determination of protein, fat and other components of seeds; statistical – variation, regression and analysis of variance. Results and discussion. The significant nutritional value of legume seeds, which is rich in high-quality protein with a high content of essential amino acids, isoflavones, essential micronutrients, is substantiated. It is distinguished by high taste, quickly swells and boils, has a pleasant aroma. This group of crops is able to fix nitrogen from the air, provide for their own needs and leave a significant amount of it in the soil for subsequent crop rotations. Legumes should be considered in the crop rotation system together with winter wheat as fallow crops. Their synergistic effect on subsequent crop rotations is explained by the peculiarity of the microflora of the root zone, where symbiotic and free-living bacteria are concentrated. Observations indicate the need to increase crops of pea, chickpea and lentil in Ukraine, as there are all the necessary conditions - adapted to insufficient moisture varieties, developed technology for their cultivation, accumulated positive experience for obtaining high yields. Conclusions. Based on our own results and analysis of the experience of many countries around the world revealed the importance of legumes for our country. Their role in providing high-quality food, improving soil quality, increasing the country’s export potential is noted

scholarly journals Specification of the Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Consumption of the Animal and Vegetable Sources of Protein

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
John Adrian ◽  
Raymond Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Red Meats ◽  
The Impact

Proteins are one of the basic and essential nutrients consumed by man. Both animal and vegetable sources provide proteins in the human diet. Many proteins derived from animal sources are nutritionally adequate because all essential amino acids are present. However, proteins from vegetable sources are often deficient in one or more essential amino acids. Therefore, vegetable protein must generally be supplemented with other proteins in order to provide good nutition. However, vegetable proteins can provide a satisfactory diet if the individual is judicious in selecting foods.A study of 1955 data indicated that approximately 55 percent of the protein component of the American diet came from animal sources. A recent analysis indicated that red meats contributed approximately 30 percent of the animal source to total protein. Dairy products, poultry, and fish contributed the balance. Similarly, wheat flour provided approximately 15 percent of total vegetable protein intake with other cereals (rice, corn, barley and rye), legume seeds (beans, peas and soybeans), and nuts constituting the balance.

scholarly journals Temporal water table changes in soil toposequence of the Poznań Lakeland (western Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Michał Kozłowski ◽  
Jolanta Komisarek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper presents results of determination of temporal changes in water table depths in the toposequence of Retisols/Luvisols and Phaeozems/Gleysols. Assessment of temporal trends in the water table depth was made with the use of the linear regression analysis. The results obtained indicate that the mean water table depth and mean high and low water table depths were deeper in the soil at the upper part of the slope in comparison with soil located at the footslope. A higher amplitude of water table was observed in Retisols than in Gleysols but the highest variability of water table level was noted in the soils at the footslope compared to those at the slope summit. In Retisols, with each month of observation from 1993 to 2012, the water table showed a tendency to increase. These trends were the highest from January to April, which may be related to the tendency of increasing monthly sums of precipitation in December, January and February. In the Gleysol at the footslope, in the period 1993–2012 and in the vegetation season, the water table depth showed a tendency to decrease. This trend may be due to the impact of water table on the soil water content at the root zone, which is used in the process of evapotranspiration.

Salinity and nutrient distribution in soil profiles of long-term crop rotations

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
G. J. Beke ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
T. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

The effect of cropping systems on salt and nutrient movement in soil has been studied mainly at relatively short-term (< 20 yr) experimental sites or at commercial sites without documented history. This study investigated the impact of two similar, unfertilized, long-term crop rotation experiments, differing in duration and experimental design, on soil EC (salinity), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), nitrate-N, and extractable-P distributions in semi-arid southern Alberta. The experiments, established in 1911 and 1951 at the Lethbridge Research Station on moderately well drained soils, included continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fallow-wheat-wheat and fallow-wheat cropping sequences. Regardless of length of experiment or cropping sequence, the salinity and SAR values increased with soil depth. Leaching of salts had occurred to a minimum depth of 150 cm, depending on the nature of the parent material and soil-drainage volumes. Within the 90- to 150-cm depth, most salt leaching had taken place under the fallow-wheat rotation and least under the continuous-wheat cropping sequence. Downward movement of nitrate-N generally peaked in the lower root zone, regardless of cropping system or duration of the experiment. Deep leaching of nitrate-N had occurred in the fallow-wheat soil. Movement of extractable P was restricted to the 0- to 30-cm depth. Significant deep leaching of salts had taken place over the 35-yr period of the 1951 experiment whereas the longer, 75-yr period of the 1911 experiment was required to cause significant deep leaching of nitrate-N and of extractable P movement in the 0- to 30-cm depth. Key words: Dryland crop rotations, summerfallow, semi-arid region, soil salinity, soil nitrate and phosphate

Effect of tillage and crop rotations on the light fraction organic carbon and carbon mineralization in Chernozemic soils of Saskatchewan

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Liang ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
J. Schoenau ◽  
D. Curtin ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
The Impact

Light fraction of soil organic C (LFOC) represents a major portion of labile soil organic C (SOC) and is a key attribute of soil quality. Soil respiration (Cmin) is an important index depicting the potential activity of the labile SOC. Six field experiments, varying in duration (8 to 25 yr), in location (Brown, Dark Brown and Black Chernozemic soil zones of Saskatchewan) and soil texture, were conducted to evaluate the impact of tillage and crop rotations on crop production and soil quality. We sampled the 0-7.5-cm depth of soil in these experiments to determine the treatment effects on LFOC, the proportion of LFOC in the SOC (LFOC/SOC) and Cmin. Increasing the frequency of summer fallow in cropping systems decreased the LFOC in all soil zones; it also decreased the proportion of LFOC in SOC and Cmin. Tillage had little impact on LFOC in the Brown and Dark Brown Chernozemic soil zones, although it significantly decreased LFOC in the Black Chernozemic soil zone. Thus, crop rotation had a greater impact on LFOC than tillage. Tillage did not influence Cmin in any soil zone. Because adoption of no-till management increased SOC in all soil zones, we concluded that LFOC was not a sensitive indicator of the impact of tillage on this soil quality attribute for these Chernozemic soils in Saskatchewan. We also found that LFOC/SOC is directly proportional to sand content. This relationship may assist us in partitioning SOC pools with differing turnover times when modeling SOC dynamics. Key words: Soil organic C, light fraction organic C, tillage, crop rotations, texture, mineralizable C

scholarly journals Analysis of the Influence of Pesticides on the Soil in an Agricultural Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Beatrice Daniela TUDOR ◽  
Bianca Teodora BUCEVSCHI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents an analysis of the soil in an agricultural area, to determine the influence of pesticides on the soil where agricultural production is carried out. For the research of the soil quality, were analysed areas, for harvesting soil samples. On the samples collected were determined, the amount of nitrates and nitrites from the soil, were determination of heavy elements from soil composition, soil pH and it was observed of the impact of pollutants on the soil.

scholarly journals Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in forage crop rotations of the forest zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
A S Shpakov
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Meat Animal

Abstract The forest zone of Russia is most favorable for the development of dairy and meat animal husbandry. In solving the problem of intensification of animal husbandry, the most important role belongs to high-quality feed, especially in terms of their provision with protein and essential amino acids [1, 2, 3, 4]. Alfalfa is of great importance in solving the problem of producing high-quality forage. The expansion of alfalfa sowing in the forest zone is facilitated by successful breeding of varieties at the All-Russian Research Institute of feed (Selena, Pasturenaya 88, Vega 87, Lada, Lugovaya 67), combining high productivity of biomass and seeds, resistance to unfavorable environmental factors, a positive effect on fertility and nitrogen balance in the soil … The most fully productive potential of alfalfa, including longevity in nitrogen-fixing capacity, is realized in fodder crop rotations, which are the basis of field fodder production in specialized dairy and meat farms [5].

scholarly journals Study of microarthopod communities to assess soil quality in different managed vineyards

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
E. Gagnarli ◽  
D. Goggioli ◽  
F. Tarchi ◽  
S. Guidi ◽  
R. Nannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Arthropods ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Land use influences the abundance and diversity of soil arthropods. The evaluation of the impact of different management strategies on soil quality is increasingly requested. The determination of communities' structures of edaphic fauna can represent an efficient tool. In this study, in some vineyards in Piedmont (Italy), the effects of two different management systems, organic and integrated pest management (IPM), on soil biota were evaluated. As microarthropods living in soil surface are an important component of soil ecosystem interacting with all the other system components, a multi disciplinary approach was adopted by characterizing also some soil physical and chemical characteristics (soil texture, soil pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, calcium carbonate). Soil samplings were carried out on Winter 2011 and Spring 2012. All specimens were counted and determined up to the order level. The biological quality of the soil was defined through the determination of ecological indices, such as QBS-ar, species richness and indices of Shannon-Weaver, Pielou, Margalef and Simpson. The mesofauna abundance was affected by both the type of management and the soil texture. The analysis of microarthropod communities by QBS-ar showed higher values in organic than in IPM managed vineyards; in particular, the values registered in organic vineyards were similar to those characteristic of preserved soils.

Orientation of processes of biological nitrogen transformation in winter rye agroecosystems under different levels of fertilization background

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
V. Volkogon ◽  
I. Korotka
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Aim. To determine physiologically expedient rates of mineral nitrogen in winter rye production on sod-podzol- ic soils based on the orientation of the processes of biological nitrogen transformation in the plants rhizosphere. Methods. Field studies, gas chromatography determination of potential nitrogen fi xation activity and potential emissions of N 2 O. Results. The results obtained have demonstrated that the rates of mineral nitrogen, not ex- ceeding 60 kg/ha, can be considered physiologically expedient for winter rye production on sod-podzolic soils. Under the application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn, there is a higher physiological need of plants for nitrogen, which allows increasing the rates of nitrogen fertilizers up to 90 kg/ha. Conclusions. The orienta- tion of the processes of biological nitrogen transformation in the root zone of plants is a reliable indicator of determining the appropriateness of nitrogen fertilization of crops.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

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