PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES OF PEATS AND MINERALS OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZE AND BULK DENSITY FOR POTTING SUBSTRATES

1984 ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Bunt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density

scholarly journals Effect of composition on physical properties of food powders

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Szulc ◽  
Andrzej Lenart
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Powders

Abstract The paper presents an influence of raw material composition and technological process applied on selected physical properties of food powders. Powdered multi-component nutrients were subjected to the process of mixing, agglomeration, coating, and drying. Wetting liquids ie water and a 15% water lactose solution, were used in agglomeration and coating. The analyzed food powders were characterized by differentiated physical properties, including especially: particle size, bulk density, wettability, and dispersibility. The raw material composition of the studied nutrients exerted a statistically significant influence on their physical properties. Agglomeration as well as coating of food powders caused a significant increase in particle size, decreased bulk density, increased apparent density and porosity, and deterioration in flowability in comparison with non-agglomerated nutrients.

scholarly journals Variations in selected soil physical properties with landforms and slope within an inland valley ecosystem in Ashanti region of Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J.C. Nwite ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
T. Wakatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Inland Valley

One peculiar feature of the inland valleys abundant in West Africa is their site-specific hydrology, underlain mainly by the prevailing landforms and topography. Development and management of these land resources under the increasingly popular sawah (a system of bunded, puddled and levelled rice field with facilities for irrigation and drainage) technology is a promising opportunity for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the region. Information on the variations in selected soil physical properties as influenced by the prevailing landforms may serve as a useful guide in site selection. This is of practical importance since majority of the inland valleys are potentially unsuitable for sawah development and most farmers in the region are of low technical level. Three landforms (river levee, elevated area and depressed area) were identified within a sawah field located in an inland valley at Ahafo Ano South District of Ghana. Each of these landforms was topsoil-sampled along on identified gradient (top, mid and bottom slope positions). Parameters determined included particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity and field moisture content. The soil is predominantly clayey. There were no variations in the particle size distribution among the slope positions in the river levee. Overall, the river levee had lower silt content than the elevated and the depressed landforms. The bulk density, total porosity, and gravimetric moisture content indicated relative improvements only in the depressed area in the order, bottom &gt; mid &gt; top slope. Irrespective of slope position, the three landforms differed in these parameters in the order, depressed &gt; river levee &gt; elevated. The sand fraction impacted negatively on the silt fraction and bulk density of the soil, both of which controlled the soil moisture status. Despite the fairly low silt content of the soil, the silt fraction strongly influenced the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.80). So too did the soil bulk density on the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90). It is concluded that: (1) since the landforms more prominently influenced the measured parameters than the slope positions, the former should take pre-eminence over the latter in soil suitability judgment; (2) with respect to moisture retention, variations in silt fraction and bulk density of this and other clayey inland-valley soils should be used as guide in site selection for sawah development.

The Effect of Milling Time on Physical Properties, Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of Bonded Magnet BaFe12O19

2020 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Suprapedi ◽  
Muljadi ◽  
Priyo Sardjono ◽  
Ramlan Ramlan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Bonded Magnet

A bonded permanent magnet of Barium hexa Ferrite has been made using powder BaFe12O19 (commercial ferrite) and a polymer of bakelite powder as binder. The composition of bakelite was varried 5% wt. The preparation of sample was begun with mass weighing for each material, then mixed together using ball mill for 1, 6 and 12 hours and using aquades as milling media. The mixed powder is dried in an oven at 110 °C for 4 hours, then the particle size distribution was measured. After that, the dried sample powder was pressed to form a pellet at pressure 40 MPa and temperature about 160 °C for 20 minutes. The characterization of sample pellet was done such as measurement of bulk density, hardness , magnetic properties using VSM and anylisis of microstructure using SEM. The results of the characterization show that the density and magnetic properties tend to increase with increasing of milling time, where the highest density, hardness and highest magnetic properties are achieved at sample with milling time for 12 hours. The value of magnetic properties at this condition are flux magnetic of 530 Gauss, remenance of 3100 Gauss, coercivity of 1,10 kOe.

Effect of management practice on properties of a Victorian red-brown earth .1. Soil physical-properties

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Lorimer ◽  
LA Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Continuous Cropping

The effects of five management practices (native forest, native pasture, Phalaris pasture, crop-pasture rotation, continuous cropping), that had been in place for 18 years, on some soil physical properties of a red-brown earth near Bendigo, Victoria, were studied. Particle size distribution, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of soil in the A and B horizons at different, management sites were measured. Where cultivation had occurred, soil in the A horizon contained less silt and clay, and more fine sand and coarse sand. The bulk density of the A horizon of soil that had produced at least six wheat crops since 1969 was greater than that of soil used for pasture or forest, while the hydraulic conductivity of soil cropped every year since 1969 was much less than that of soil under native forest. Particle size distributions for soil from the B horizons at the five management sites were found to be similar. Where pastures and crops had been established, the hydraulic conductivity of the upper B horizon was lower, and the bulk density was higher, than that of soil in the native forest (Eucalyptus spp).

scholarly journals Effects of Morphology on the Bulk Density of Instant Whole Milk Powder

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haohan Ding ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Irina Boiarkina ◽  
David I. Wilson ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Whole Milk Powder

The chemical and physical properties of instant whole milk powder (IWMP), such as morphology, protein content, and particle size, can affect its functionality and performance. Bulk density, which directly determines the packing cost and transportation cost of milk powder, is one of the most important functional properties of IWMP, and it is mainly affected by physical properties, e.g., morphology and particle size. This work quantified the relationship between morphology and bulk density of IWMP and developed a predictive model of bulk density for IWMP. To obtain milk powder samples with different particle size fractions, IWMP samples of four different brands were sieved into three different particle size range groups, before using the simplex-centroid design (SCD) method to remix the milk powder samples. The bulk densities of these remixed milk powder samples were then measured by tap testing, and the particles’ shape factors were extracted by light microscopy and image processing. The number of variables was decreased by principal component analysis and partial least squares models and artificial neural network models were built to predict the bulk density of IWMP. It was found that different brands of IWMP have different morphology, and the bulk density trends versus the shape factor changes were similar for the different particle size range groups. Finally, prediction models for bulk density were developed by using the shape factors and particle size range fractions of the IWMP samples. The good results of these models proved that predicting the bulk density of IWMP by using shape factors and particle size range fractions is achievable and could be used as a model for online model-based process monitoring.

scholarly journals Particle size distribution and clay minerals in dryland soils of Aceh Besar, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
S Sufardi ◽  
T Arabia ◽  
K Khairullah ◽  
I Apriani
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Physical Constraints

Abstract Soil particle size distribution is a fundamental physical property affecting other soil properties. This research aims to determine the distribution of soil particles and the composition of clay minerals on each layer of the horizon in four soil profiles (P1, P2, P3, and P4) with different parent materials in the dryland of Aceh Besar district which includes Entisols Jantho, Andisols Saree, Inceptisols Cucum, and Oxisols Lembah Seulawah. Particle size distribution (or texture) and bulk density (BD) were analyzed in the laboratory. Soil structure and consistency were observed directly in the field. The type of clay minerals was identified by X-ray diffraction, while Fe, Al, and Si-oxide were extracted by dithionite-citrate solution. The results shown that the particle size distribution and the physical properties of dryland soils of Aceh Besar vary between soil orders. Andisols Saree has better physical properties than the physical properties of other soils and low bulk density. The Al, Fe, and Si fractions and clay mineral composition in the soil profiles also vary considerably between soil orders. The Andisols are dominated by allophane minerals (amorphous fractions) while Entisols, Inceptisols and Oxisols consist of mixed minerals of feldspar, quartz, halloysite, goethite, and other clay minerals. These soil orders have some soil physical constraints i.e. high soil bulk density, low water holding capacity and poor soil structures. Improvements in the physical properties of the soil on Aceh Besar dryland are indispensable to improve the quality of the soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Steeping Time on the Proximate Compositions and Selected Physical Properties of Soybean Flour

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
E.G. Ikrang ◽  
J.U. Okoko ◽  
M.M. Akwa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Drying Temperature

A study to investigate the effect of temperature (80, 85, 90, 95, and 100oC) and steeping time (12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 hours) on the proximate composition (ash, crude fibre, fat , protein, and carbohydrate) values (%) and physical properties (bulk density, packed density (g/ml), angle of repose (degrees), and particle size (μm)) on soybean flour was conducted. Response surface Methodology (RSM) was used for the work. Central Composite Design in Design Expert (version 6.0, 2002, Minneapolis, United States) computer software package was used to design the experiment. Analysis was also done and all results were presented with a three dimensional plot. The results showed that the moisture content of the soybeans flour ranged from 3.26 – 7.35, 3.40 – 4.50 for ash, 3.15 – 4.82 for crude fibre, 31.32 – 35.21 for protein, 19.37 – 22.65 for fat, and 29.66 – 35.19% for carbohydrate. Angle of repose for soybeans flour samples ranged from 33.15 – 38.16o, bulk density varied between 0.30-0.36, packed density varied between 0.52 – 0.57g/ml and particle size distribution varied between 0.44 – .98μm for the different samples. It was observed that longer steeping time and drying temperature resulted to an increase in the protein content and decrease in crude fibre content. Conversely shorter steeping time and lower drying temperature resulted in an increase in the fat content. A nine-point hedonic scale on sensory and acceptability tests showed that sample soaked for 24 hours and dried at 90oC was most preferred in taste and overall acceptability. Keywords: Soybean flour; packed density; angle of repose; steeping time, temperature.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME SOILS DERIVED FROM REDDISH BROWN MATERIALS IN THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
D. B. Cann
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Obvious Feature ◽  
Bt Horizon

Nearly all of the 16 soils from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick that were studied had Ae horizons, acid sola and dense, reddish brown parent materials, but they differed widely in the kind and the degree of B horizon development. Particle-size analyses supported the micromorphological observations in indicating that marked illuviation of clay had occurred in some soils, and weak illuviation in others. In a few soils it was difficult to estimate the extent of Bt horizon development as there were obvious discontinuities in the materials. Horizons having the chemical requirements of Podzol B horizons (Bf), significant accumulations of amorphous Al and Fe associated with organic matter, were found in only three of the soils. None of the soils had a Bft horizon; hence, the subgroup, Textural Podzol, should be eliminated. Bisequa development was evident in several of the soils and one was a Bisequa Podzol. Prominently mottled Bg horizons were the most obvious feature of the Gleysolic soils and some of them had Btg horizons. The bulk density of the fragipan in one of the soils was about 2.0, and many of the parent materials had equally high bulk densities. Free carbonates occurred at depths ranging from 60 to 180 cm in 12 of the 16 soils studied.

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DEPTHS OF PLOWING ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A CLAY SOIL AT GUYENNE, QUEBEC

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
J. R. Lessard ◽  
H. A. Hamilton ◽  
M. Levesque ◽  
S. J. Bourget
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Different Depths

An experiment was initiated in 1955 to study the effect of plowing to depths of 6, 12 and 24 inches on the physical properties of a Guyenne clay soil. A 4-year crop rotation was established. Soil core samples were taken in 1957, 1959 and 1960 and determinations of bulk density and porosities were made. The soil particle-size distribution was determined for all tillage treatments in 1960.Plowing to a depth of 24 inches resulted in higher bulk density and lower non-capifiary porosity values in the surface 6-inch soil layer of soil than the 6- and 12-inch plowing. The 18- to 24-inch soil layer was less packed than the corresponding undisturbed layers at the same depth, as a result of deep tillage. The clay content of the 0- to 6-inch layer of soil was also increased by 24-inch plowing. Year-to-year data showed the importance of seasonal climatic conditions on the soil physical properties.

Growth of Container-grown Plants With and Without Azomite Soil Amendment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492c-492
Author(s):  
Chris Ely ◽  
Mark A. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Water Holding

Azomite is a mined, commercially available, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosiliclate soil amendment reported to act as a source of mineral elements. To determine its effect on plant growth, Dendranthema `Connie' rooted cuttings, Malus seedlings, and Citrus seedlings were grown in containers in one of two growing media: ProMix BX or ProMix BX with Azomite (1:1, v:v). Plant height was monitored weekly and after 6 weeks of growth, fresh and dry plant weights of roots and shoots were determined. There was no difference in any of the parameters measured as a result of the addition of Azomite. Any nutritional influence of the Azomite may only be evident in different conditions, e.g., field soil, or over an extended period of time. The Azomite altered the medium's physical properties and therefore bulk density and water-holding capacity of the Azomite were determined for consideration.

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