DETERMINATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF POTTED PLANTS AND CUT FLOWERS BY MODULATED CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE

AbstractThe Anemone genus is a tuberous geophyte which undergoes a dormancy period during unfavorable environmental conditions for growth. Five species of the Anemone genus naturally grow in several regions of Iran. The diverse uses of Anemone in gardens for landscaping, cut flowers, and potted plants indicate its high ornamental potential. Its dormancy and flowering are influenced by various factors. The present paper was conducted to explore the flowering behavior of Anemone accessions in response to different pre-treatments. For this purpose, tubers of 18 Anemone accessions (A. coronaria and A. biflora) were collected from natural regions of six provinces in Iran. These tubers were subjected to different conditions of non-chilling (20 °C, 90 days), chilling (4 °C, 90 days), GA3 (150 mgL-1; 24 h), and 5-azaCitidine (5-azaC; 40 µM; 24 h) prior to the cultivation. Most of the accessions were able to enter the flowering stage without chilling. The shortest period for the sprouting of tubers (16.89 ± 7.83 days) belonged to 5-azaC pre-treatment. In addition, this treatment accelerated the flowering time (about 30 days earlier) and diameter of the stem, bud, and flower. Morphological characteristics, such as stem height, number of leaves, bud, and petal and the longevity of flowers on the plant were significantly affected by GA3 pre-treatment. Our results indicated a positive correlation between flower length, stem height, and stem diameter with flower longevity under different pre-treatment conditions. The present study demonstrated that accessions Anm3, Anm12, and Anm18 had ornamental values higher than the population mean across four conditions.

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Cardiac Troponins: Analytical Characteristics and Diagnostic Capabilities of Modern (High-sensitive) Determination Methods

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/47764.15025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin ◽

Duplyakov V Dmitry

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Physiological State ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Routine Practice ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Sensitive Determination ◽

Determination Methods ◽

Cardiac Troponins

Cardiovascular diseases have a leading role in terms of morbidity, mortality, and disability of the population, causing significant socio-economic damage to all countries of the world. This circumstance requires researchers to constantly seek for new biomarkers and improve methods for determining existing biomarkers, and search for new therapeutic targets to improve diagnostic and treatment strategies. Recently, there have been some important changes in laboratory diagnostics of patients with acute coronary syndrome, due to the introduction into the routine practice of new high and ultrasensitive methods for the determination of biomarkers of injury, specific to cardiac muscle tissue, namely cardiac troponins. A key advantage of highly sensitive immunochemical assays is the ability to detect cardiac troponins in the early stages of myocardial infarction. This allows making the optimal decision on the early choice and conduct of reperfusion therapy, which significantly improves the further prognosis of patients. Among the most significant generally recognised disadvantages of highly sensitive determination methods are low specificity and a huge variety of troponin immunoassays. The decrease in specificity is reflected in the fact that cardiac troponins are no longer considered the “gold standard” of diagnosis related to Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) (irreversible ischaemic damage to cardiomyocytes). As a result, any damage to the myocardium, even insignificant and reversible under physiological state (physical activity, stress) and several pathological conditions, can lead to an increase in serum levels of cardiac troponins and affect the accuracy of the diagnosis. Each method for the determination of cardiac troponins, among the existing wide variety of troponin immunoassays, possesses different analytical characteristics, and detects different concentrations of troponins in the same patient. This article provides a view of current data on the biology of cardiac troponins, and defines the analytical characteristics of new high-sensitive methods for the determination of cardiac troponins.

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Effect of Vascular Activity in the Determination of Rate Constants for the Uptake of 18F-Labeled 2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: Error Analysis and Normal Values in Older Subjects

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1986.129 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 724-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

A. C. Evans ◽

M. Diksic ◽

Y. L. Yamamoto ◽

A. Kato ◽

A. Dagher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rate Constant ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Rate Constants ◽

Cerebral Blood Volume ◽

Physiological State ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Activity ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Volume ◽

Wide Range

Regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) can be calculated using data obtained during the kinetic analysis of 18F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake measured by positron emission tomography (PET). As a result the influence of vascular activity upon the determination of FDG rate constants can be minimized. The method is investigated by simulation experiments and by analysis of PET studies on seven older, healthy human volunteers aged 52–70 years. The accuracy of measured FDG rate constants k1, k2, and k3, obtained either by omitting the early portion of the uptake curve or by explicit inclusion of CBV as a fit parameter, is compared. The root mean square error in measured rate constant for the latter method is equivalent to that obtained by omitting the first 2.5–3 min of tissue data and neglecting the CBV term. Hence, added information about the physiological state of the tissue is obtained without compromising the accuracy of the (FDG) rate constant measurement. In hyperemic tissue the explicit determination of the vascular fraction results in more accurate estimates of the FDG rate constants. The ratio of CBV determined by this method to CBV obtained using C15O in six subjects with CBV in the normal range was 0.92 ± 0.32. A comparison of the CBV image obtained by this method with that obtained using C15O in an arteriovenous malformation case demonstrates the accuracy of the approach over a wide range of CBV values. The mean value for CBV fraction in gray matter obtained by this method in the older control group was 0.040 ± 0.014. Average gray matter rate constants obtained were k1 = 0.084 ± 0.012, k2 = 0.150 ± 0.071, and k3 = 0.099 ± 0.045 min−1.

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Gas Exchange and Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorescence Techniques for in Vivo Assessments of Alternative Electron Transfer

Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_452 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 1925-1928

Author(s):

F. Fredrick ◽

R. Lemeur

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Fluorescence Techniques ◽

Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorescence

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Milk as a Complex Multiphase Polydisperse System: Approaches for the Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs4040151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alena Smirnova ◽

Georgii Konoplev ◽

Nikolay Mukhin ◽

Oksana Stepanova ◽

Ulrike Steinmann

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Rapid Determination ◽

Physiological State ◽

Atomic Spectroscopy ◽

Milk Analysis ◽

Polydisperse System ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Non Destructive

Milk is a product that requires quality control at all stages of production: from the dairy farm, processing at the dairy plant to finished products. Milk is a complex multiphase polydisperse system, whose components not only determine the quality and price of raw milk, but also reflect the physiological state of the herd. Today’s production volumes and rates require simple, fast, cost-effective, and accurate analytical methods, and most manufacturers want to move away from methods that use reagents that increase analysis time and move to rapid analysis methods. The review presents methods for the rapid determination of the main components of milk, examines their advantages and disadvantages. Optical spectroscopy is a fast, non-destructive, precise, and reliable tool for determination of the main constituents and common adulterants in milk. While mid-infrared spectroscopy is a well-established off-line laboratory technique for the routine quality control of milk, near-infrared technologies provide relatively low-cost and robust solutions suitable for on-site and in-line applications on milking farms and dairy production facilities. Other techniques, discussed in this review, including Raman spectroscopy, atomic spectroscopy, molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, are also used for milk analysis but much less extensively. Acoustic methods are also suitable for non-destructive on-line analysis of milk. Acoustic characterization can provide information on fat content, particle size distribution of fat and proteins, changes in the biophysical properties of milk over time, the content of specific proteins and pollutants. The basic principles of ultrasonic techniques, including transmission, pulse-echo, interferometer, and microbalance approaches, are briefly described and milk parameters measured with their help, including frequency ranges and measurement accuracy, are given.

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Determination of the influence of herbicides on dicotyledons plant transpiration using the sap flow method

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/655/2014-pse ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 562-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Brant ◽

J. Pivec ◽

K. Hamouzová ◽

P. Zábranský ◽

J. Satrapová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Sap Flow ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Plant Transpiration ◽

Flow Method ◽

Infrared Gas Analyser ◽

The Impact ◽

Q Values

Physiological parameters are sensitive and provide information on the toxicity of herbicides in plants. The impact of herbicide application on plant transpiration was evaluated by the sap flow method during 2009–2011. The aim of this work was to verify the sap flow method for determining the effect of herbicides on the basis of continuous measurements of the transpiration flow. Helianthus annuus was used as a model plant species. The two different herbicides tested in this study differed by the effect of active ingredients bromoxynil and clopyralid. The water flow was measured using sap flow meter T4.2. The impact of herbicides was assessed by comparing measured transpiration rate (Q) after herbicide application with an extrapolation of transpiration rate of plants before herbicide treatment (Qcalc). After treatment with bromoxynil the Q values decreased significantly compared to Qcalc. For plants treated by clopyralid, the decline of actual transpiration (Q) compared with the modelled one (Qcalc) was less substantial and the plants continued to transpire after the treatment. The effect of herbicides was also verified using infrared gas analyser and chlorophyll fluorescence meter.

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