Irrigation and seed-type effects on tuber yield, culinary attributes, and economic performance of French fry, chipping, and fresh market potato under short growing conditions of the Canadian Prairies

AbstractAdaptive plastic responses in invasive species allow for establishment and persistence despite the lack of genetic matching to new environments. The capacity of annual species to invade habitats to which they are not adapted is likely to be predicated on post-invasion seed trait variation correlated with conditions in the new habitat. To test this, I compared variation in seed traits and germination patterns of Aegilops triuncialis, an invasive annual grass, from 69 sample populations from 24 sites in California (USA) across 13 years. Seed mass, germination fractions, seed viability, and strength of induced dormancy between dimorphic seed pairs were used to investigate plastic variation within and among populations, across two general soil types, and among two widespread maternal genotypes. I found that seed mass variation was constrained although both seed types showed a 3-fold range among populations, 20–25% variation within populations between years, and was positively correlated with longer growing seasons. However, induced seed dormancy in the small seed type was correlated with large seed mass and to late-season precipitation, suggesting that longer growing seasons influence the strength of maternal and sibling chemical signals that induce dormancy in the small seeds. Thus variation in small seed germination fractions varies with the growing conditions experienced by the maternal plant. The greater longevity of the small seed type suggests that plasticity in germination in this species may contribute to seed bank formation, which is atypical of invasive annual grasses in California, and this may contribute to the persistence and spread of A. triuncialis in invaded ranges.

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Comparing fall and spring seeding of Kochia scoparia on saline soil

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-137 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 1055-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Steppuhn ◽

D. G. Green ◽

G. Winkleman ◽

J. A. Kernan ◽

E. Coxworth

Keyword(s):

Saline Soil ◽

Plant Competition ◽

Early Spring ◽

Late Spring ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Forage Production ◽

Kochia Scoparia ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Growing Conditions

Kochia scoparia naturally invades distributed soils in the Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies and offers potential as a forage crop in saline environments. A 3-yr study conducted on severely saline soil near Swift Current, Saskatchewan, compared kochia production resulting from fall (natural- and implement-seeded) and spring (early- and late-seeded) treatments. Late spring-seeded crops produced, on average, 5.4 t of dry, shoot biomass per ha per yr. Early spring and fall-seeded kochia (naturally or implement-placed) yielded between 5.4 and 10.9 t ha−1. Of the nine comparisons between forage yields from fall and spring seedings, six favored fall over spring, two were equal, and one produced more forage from early spring seedings than from the naturally-seeded fall treatment. The late spring treatment consistently produced the least forage. Fall seedings exhibited a greater potential for forage production because fall-seeded plants usually established early in the growing season and in sufficient number to fully exploit soil and water resources when conditions became favorable and effective rooting depths were not restricted by concentrated salt layers. When drier growing conditions prevailed, the lower plant densities associated with early spring seedings tended to minimize plant competition and foster greater forage production. Key words: Kochia forage, seeding dates, salinity, Kochia establishment, Kochia agronomy

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Effect of Fertility Levels and Varieties on Tuber Yield and Processing Quality of French Fry Grade Potato

Journal of Krishi Vigyan ◽

10.5958/2349-4433.2016.00007.6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K S Sandhu ◽

M S Shahi ◽

R K Sharma ◽

Gurbax Singh

Keyword(s):

Tuber Yield ◽

Processing Quality ◽

French Fry

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OSU Douglas County Demonstration Farm

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.457b ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 457B-457

Author(s):

Jerry Maul

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

Plant Production ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Bedding Plant ◽

New Varieties ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Diverse Groups

The demand for horticultural information from the OSU Extension Service is sought by both commercial fresh-market vegetable growers and noncommercial clients. Educational programs at the Demonstration Farm were designed to meet the needs of these two diverse groups. At the request of local growers, vegetable trials were established to evaluate the large number of new varieties that come onto the market every year. Since 1987, nearly 250 varieties of eggplant, melons, peppers, squash, sweet corn, and tomatoes have been evaluated for their adaptability to Douglas County's Mediterranean climate and growing conditions. Annual reports on the performance of the varieties are shared with county vegetable growers and Extension Agents throughout Oregon. Many of the vegetables for the trials are grown as bedding plants in the Demonstration Farm greenhouses. A greenhouse program was established to offer Master Gardeners the opportunity to participate in all of the cultural aspects of bedding plant production. This includes; seeding, transplanting, pinching, watering, and fertilizing. When planting season arrives, Master Gardeners help transplant the seedlings to the trial plots. An average of 40 Master Gardeners have participated in the greenhouse and trial program each year, since their inception in 1987. An average of 300 people attend the field days every summer to tour the vegetable trials. An outdoor gardening class, “Summer In The Garden,” is offered to the general public every summer. An average of five sessions are held in July and August on a variety of topics related to vegetable culture, pest control, and new varieties. The sessions are taught by the Horticulture Agent with the assistance of Master Gardeners. Attendance has averaged 25 students annually.

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Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Potato Producers in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh

Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development ◽

10.3329/jard.v6i1.1665 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Hossain ◽

MK Hasan ◽

Q Naher

Keyword(s):

Technical Efficiency ◽

Significant Role ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Potato Production ◽

Average Level ◽

Average Yield ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Potential Yield

A study was carried out in three potato growing areas viz. Munshiganj, Bogra and Jessore covering 75 potato growers to measure technical efficiency and economic performance of potato production. Farmers obtained average tuber yield of 24.90 t/ha which was higher than the average yield of Bangladesh (14.90 t/ha) but close to potential yield (25-30 t/ha) of diamant and cardinal varieties. The estimated results showed that gross margin and BCR for potato cultivation were Tk. 174319/ha and 2.40, respectively. The average level of technical efficiency among the sample farmers was 75%. This implies that given the existing technology and level of inputs the output could be increased by 25%. Training on the potato production, extension linkage and quality seed played a significant role in the technical efficiency of the potato production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jard.v6i1.1665J Agric Rural Dev 6(1&2), 113-118, June 2008

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Selection of potato clones for tuber yield, vine maturity and frying quality

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620180222 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 276-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giovani O Silva ◽

Arione S Pereira ◽

Fernanda Q Azevedo ◽

Agnaldo DF Carvalho ◽

Jadir B Pinheiro

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Vine Maturity ◽

Selection Indices ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Average Tuber Weight ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT Development of Brazilian potato cultivars adapted to different growing conditions, production systems and regions of the country is very important to increase the competitiveness of the national potato chain. In this sense, the objective of this work was to verify the performance of advanced potato clones for tuber yield traits, vine maturity and frying quality. An experiment was carried out in Pelotas-RS in spring, 2014. A set of nine advanced potato clones and two control cultivars were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Plots consisted of single rows of 20 plants spaced at 0.80 m between rows and 0.30 m between plants. The data of each trait were submitted to the deviance analysis, estimated the genetic values and selected the best genotypes using selection indices of the sum of ranks and the lowest distance from the ideotype. Clones F131-08-26 and F183-08-01, and the check ‘Asterix’ were distinguished for yield of marketable tubers. F183-08-01 and the control stood out for specific gravity and average tuber weight. Clone F161-07-02 ranked among the best for specific gravity, frying color and vine maturity. F97-07-04 and F183-08-01 and the check ‘Asterix’ were the best according to the selection indices, however, would result in losses in the frying color and vine maturity traits.

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Effect of fungicide seed treatments on root pathogens of cereal crops under field conditions

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps09172 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 905-917 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.R. Fernandez ◽

W.E. May ◽

G.P. Lafond

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Field Trials ◽

Wheat Seed ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Head Blight ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Infected Seed ◽

Growing Conditions

It is of importance to reduce the spread of Fusarium graminearum to western regions of the Canadian prairies where Fusarium head blight has so far occurred to a limited extent. Determining the effectiveness of fungicides against F. graminearum in infected seed under various growing conditions will help design a comprehensive strategy for preventing the spread of this pathogen. Field trials at various locations in eastern Saskatchewan were conducted (2003-2005) to examine the performance of registered and experimental fungicides on Fusarium colonization of subcrown internodes (SIs) of plants derived from Fusarium-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum [T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] wheat seed, and on SI discoloration. Among the fungi isolated from discolored SIs were Fusarium spp., including F. graminearum, and Cochliobolus sativus. Fusarium graminearum infections were mostly seed-borne whereas infection by other fungi appeared to be mostly soil-borne. Compared with the untreated infected control, the combined seed treatments reduced discoloration of SIs, but no single fungicide reduced discoloration consistently across site-years or crops. Similarly, no product consistently reduced the isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium pathogens, although some fungicides appeared to be more effective than others in reducing isolation of F. graminearum or C. sativus. Our observations agree with results from a controlled-environment study of effects of seed treatments on F. graminearum colonization of plants derived from infected common and durum wheat seed, thus confirming that treatment of F. graminearum-infected seed with fungicides will not likely prevent the spread of this pathogen.

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Effects of row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen on yield of barley and wheat under zero-till management

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-127 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 703-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

G. P. Lafond

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Wide Range ◽

Growing Conditions

Adopting water-conserving tillage practices on the Canadian prairies will protect the soil against erosion while conserving soil water. The use of tall-standing stubble to conserve water creates a dilemma for producers because maximum yields can only be obtained with narrow rows, and tall stubble may limit the use of narrow row spacings. A 4-yr study on a thin Black clay soil investigated the effects of three row spacings (10, 20 and 30 cm), six seeding rates (34, 67, 100, 134, 168 and 202 kg ha−1 for wheat and 27, 54, 81, 108, 134 and 161 kg ha−1 for barley) and two rates of N (low and high) in hard red wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum (Triticum durum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using a continuous cropping, zero-till production system. The yields of cereals were maintained with 30-cm row spacing over a wide range of growing conditions under zero-till management. Durum had a 5.8% yield advantage and barley a 2.4% advantage for the 30-cm row spacing over the 10-cm row spacing. The number of plants established and the number of spikes produced decreased as row spacing increased for all crops. But wider row spacing resulted in more kernels produced per spike, which, in the case of barley and durum, more than compensated for the lower number of spikes. Increasing seeding rates significantly improved grain yield in all crops and years because more spikes were produced. Grain yield was related to the reciprocal of seeding rate. The few row spacing × seeding rate interactions observed in 2 of 12 cases suggest that seeding rates need not be adjusted for changes in row spacing. The results obtained have important implications for equipment design and the ability to more easily handle high-crop-residue situations. Key words: Yield components, seeding rate, row spacing, yield compensation

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Response of Kochia scoparia to nitrogen fertilization on a saline soil

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss94-038 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 267-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Steppuhn ◽

D. G. Green ◽

J. E. Knipfel ◽

E. Coxworth ◽

J. A. Kernan

Keyword(s):

Saline Soil ◽

N Uptake ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Yield Response ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Kochia Scoparia ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Safe Limit ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Disturbed Soils

Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. naturally invades mechanically disturbed soils in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian Prairies and offers potential as a forage crop in saline environments. A 3-yr study conducted on severely saline soil (~ 11 dS m−1) near Swift Current, Saskatchewan, evaluated the production of kochia forage and plant-N uptake following applications of 0, 56, 112 and 168 kg N ha−1 of ammonium nitrate. The yield response in aboveground, dried forage (Y) followed a curvilinear function based on the quantity of nitrogen applied (N): Y = 4740 + 38.5N − 0.121N2. The N-fertilizer requirement to produce 7500 kg ha−1 of dried forage (96% of the function maximum) equalled 110 kg N ha−1 and reflected average growing conditions at the study site during 1987–89. The kochia assimilated protein N (Kjeldahl) within its tissue in direct proportion to the fertilizer dosage applied, reaching theoretical maxima which varied yearly: 18 g kg−1 in 1987, 12 g kg−1 in 1988 and 22 g kg−1 in 1989. Although NO3-N concentrations increased with each addition of fertilizer N, the maximum accumulation of NO3 N (0.5 g kg−1) among all the tests and treatments was within the safe limit of 1.1 g kg−1 to avoid livestock poisoning. The efficiency with which the fertilizer N was assimilated by the kochia ranged between 44 and 69% over the test years and fertilizer treatments. Key words: Saline soil, N fertilization, kochia forage, soil fertility, salinity

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