Pilot operation and evaluation of a meteorological data fed water budget system for turfgrass

Assessing the water balance including subsurface runoff in high Alpine catchments is still a major challenge due to environmental and meteorological complexity, and mostly data-lacking hydrology. The aim of this study is the determination of the water balance components and water budget with focus on approximation of interflow, subsurface runoff and groundwater interactions, depending on sediment and bedrock properties.In this process we investigate a small, high data providing Alpine catchment in the Wipp Valley (Tyrol, AT) to evaluate the best modelling approach in order to apply it on catchments along the Austrian Brenner axis. Thus, a direct model comparison of the main study catchment, with its (moderate data providing) neighbouring valley is carried out. The main study catchment (Padaster Valley) covers 11.2 km2 and is located east of Steinach am Brenner in the Wipp Valley. Due to its partially usage as a deposital site, respectively a landfill for the tunnel excavation material of the Brenner Base Tunnel, this valley represents a highly interesting site in a hydrological aspect. Thus, the Padaster Valley is highly monitored and hence predestined for hydrological investigations. Hydrological data such as discharge is measured high frequently on four gauges, meteorological data on two gauges. An additional study catchment (Navis Valley) covers 63 km2 and is located northerly next the Padaster Valley. Seven gauges provide meteorological data, however, continuous discharge data is just measured at the valley mouth. Further meteorological data for both areas will be contributed by the ZAMG (Zentralanstalt f&#252;r Meteorologie und Geodynamik), whose INCA model provide a high spatial resolution dataset of 1km. However, in order to gain a better overall understanding of subsurface runoff and hydrogeological processes, geological data will be considered and incorporated/integrated in the modelling process. This includes geological maps, - cross sections and geophysical analysis, which help to estimate the bedrock topography, and consequently the volume as well as deeper seated hydrogeological properties of the sediment cover. In this context, continuous data from 7 groundwater observation wells provide information regarding groundwater levels and hydraulic head. To increase the model accuracy regarding subsurface flow processes, subsurface-depending runoff types after Pirkl & Sausgruber (2015) are applied. Furthermore, several maps such as land use, surface runoff coefficient and soil map including grain size distribution of the layers have been compiled by in-situ fieldwork for this study. In order to model the water budget, subsurface runoff and overall hydrological slope properties, the distributed hydrological Model WaSIM (Richards version; Schulla, 1997) is applied. The model is based on a modular system which uses physically-based algorithms.The present study is been carried out by the Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW) in collaboration with the Brenner Base Tunnel (BBT-SE).

Download Full-text

MODELING OF THE WATER BUDGET SYSTEM IN RECLAIMED MAN-MADE ISLAND

PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING ◽

10.2208/prohe.38.197 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 197-202

Author(s):

Kuniaki SATO ◽

Teruyuki FUKUHARA ◽

Yukio MIYAMOTO

Keyword(s):

Water Budget ◽

Budget System

Download Full-text

Regional-Scale Model Analysis of Climate Changes Impact on the Water Budget of the Critical Zone and Groundwater Recharge in the European Part of Russia

Water ◽

10.3390/w13040428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 428

Author(s):

Sergey O. Grinevskiy ◽

Sergey P. Pozdniakov ◽

Ekaterina A. Dedulina

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Groundwater Recharge ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Water Budget ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

European Part ◽

European Part Of Russia ◽

Hydrus 1D

Groundwater recharge by precipitation is the main source of groundwater resources, which are widely used in the European part of Russia (ER). The main goal of the presented studies is to analyze the effect of observed climate changes on the processes of groundwater recharge. For this purpose analysis of long-term meteorological data as well as water budget and groundwater recharge simulation were used. First, meteorological data of 22 weather stations, located from south (Lat 46°) to north (Lat 66°) of ER for historical (1965–1988) and modern (1989–2018) periods were compared to investigate the observed latitudinal changes in annual and seasonal averages of precipitation, wind speed, air temperature, and humidity. Second, water budget in critical zone was simulated, using codes SURFBAL and HYDRUS-1D. SURFBAL generates upper boundary conditions for unsaturated flow modelling with HYDRUS-1D, taking into account snow accumulation and melting as well as topsoil freezing, which are important processes that affect runoff generation and the infiltration of meltwater. Water budget and groundwater recharge simulations based on long-term meteorological data and soil and vegetation parameters, typical for the investigated region. The simulation results for the historical and modern periods were compared to find out the impact of climate change on the average annual and seasonal averages of surface runoff, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge, as well as to assess latitudinal differences in water budget changes. The results of the simulation showed, that despite a significant increase in air temperature, groundwater recharge in the southern regions did not change, but even increased up to 50–60 mm/year in the central and northern regions of ER. There are two main reasons for this. First, the observed increase in air temperature is compensated by a decrease in wind speed, so there was no significant increase in evapotranspiration in the modern period. Also, the observed increase in air temperature and precipitation in winter is the main reason for the increase in groundwater recharge, since these climate changes lead to an increase in water infiltration into the soil in the cold period, when there is no evapotranspiration.

Download Full-text

Projected Changes in the Water Budget for Eastern Colombia Due to Climate Change

Water ◽

10.3390/w12010065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oscar Molina ◽

Thi Thanh Luong ◽

Christian Bernhofer

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Water Balance ◽

Water Budget ◽

Climate Models ◽

Global Climate ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Global Climate Models ◽

Water Balance Components ◽

Temporal And Spatial Distribution

There is a lack of information about the effect of climate change on the water budget for the eastern side of Colombia, which is currently experiencing an increased pressure on its water resources due to the demand for food, industrial use, and human demand for drinking and hygiene. In this study, the lumped model BROOK90 was utilized with input based on the available historical and projected meteorological data, as well as land use and soil information. With this data, we were able to determine the changes in the water balance components in four different regions, representing four different water districts in Eastern Colombia. These four regions reflect four different sets of climate and geographic conditions. The projected data were obtained using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM), in which two global climate models were used in addition to two different climate scenarios from each. These are the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. Results showed that the temporal and spatial distribution of water balance components were considerably affected by the changing climate. A reduction in the generated streamflow for all of the studied regions is shown and changes in the evapotranspiration and stored water were varied for each region according to both the climate scenario as well as the characteristics of soil and land use for each area. The results of spatial change of the water balance components showed a direct link to the geography of each region. Soil moisture was reduced considerably in the next decades, and the percentage of decrease varied for each scenario.

Download Full-text

Evapotranspiration Partitioning and Response to Abnormally Low Water Levels in a Floodplain Wetland in China

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2016/3695427 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaosong Zhao ◽

Yuanbo Liu

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Land Surface ◽

Water Budget ◽

Poyang Lake ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Partition Ratio ◽

Water Levels ◽

Water Evaporation ◽

Floodplain Wetland ◽

Wetland Water

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the wetland water budget. Water level declines in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, have caused concerns, especially during low water levels. However, how wetland ET and its partitioning respond to abnormally low water levels is unclear. In this study, wetland ET was estimated with MODIS data and meteorological data. The wetland ET partitioning and its relationship with abnormally low water levels were analyzed for 2000–2013. The results showed that the water evaporation rate (Ewater) was larger than the land ET rate (ETland); theETland/Ewaterranged from 0.77 to 0.99. When the water level was below 12.8 m, the ET partition ratio was larger than 1, which indicates that wetland ET comes from land surface ET more than water evaporation. The negative standardized water level index (SWI) was used to represent an abnormally low water level in the wetland. Although the monthly wetland ET decreased as the negative SWI decreased,ETlandwas higher than the average under negative SWI conditions from September to December, when the water level decreased. The abnormally low water level induced more water loss from the land surface, especially when the water level decreased, which reduced the available water resources along the wetland shore.

Download Full-text

Computing the Water Budget Components for Lakes by Using Meteorological Data

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2020-03091545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 1255-1265

Author(s):

Rawya Kansoh ◽

Mohamed Abd-El-Mooty ◽

Rania Abd-El-Baky

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Flow ◽

Water Budget ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Pump Station ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

Southern Side ◽

Alexandria City ◽

Budget Equation ◽

Gains And Losses

Lake Mariout located between the longitudes of 29° 49′ and 29° 56′E and latitudes of 31° 04′ and 31° 08′N in Egypt. It is situated on the southern side of Alexandria City, Egypt. The land surrounding the lake is occupied by agriculture field, population zones and fish farms. This makes the lake to serve as a sink to drain different kinds of drainage waters from surrounding catchment areas of Alexandria City. The water of Lake Mariout is pumped to the Mediterranean Sea through El-Max pump station. The water budget was computed by measuring or estimating all of the lake’s water gains and losses. Applying the hydrology budget balance for lakes takes the interaction between the inflow and the outflow water from lakes into account. It is very useful for conservation and better management of water resources. All water budget components of the lake are estimated. Groundwater amount is the most difficult component to be measured or estimated in the water budget equation. Most of the previous studies assumed that the residual of water budget to be the groundwater flow to the lake. The results show that the lake Mariout receives approximately 8.95 m3/d from the main drains which represents the major part of the inflow water to lake. The discharge of El-max pump station is also one of the largest components of the outflow water (102 m3/s), while the water loss by evaporation represents 3.2% of the outflow water from the lake. Moreover, the water gain by rainfall 0.38% of the inflow water. The Groundwater flow to/out the lake was estimated as a residual of the water budget equation. It represents 1.2% of the total inputs for the lake water budget. The result shows that the lake is under severe environmental pressure. One of that is the groundwater comes from catchments areas which may be affect the configuration and operating system management of El-Max pump station by the time running.

Download Full-text

Water Budget Triangle: A New Conceptual Framework for Comparison of Green and Gray Infrastructure

ICSI 2014 ◽

10.1061/9780784478745.095 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. G. Eger ◽

D. G. Chandler ◽

B. Kasaee Roodsari ◽

C. I. Davidson ◽

C. T. Driscoll

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

Water Budget

Download Full-text

Economic Effects of 2004-2009 Tax Reforms: Retrospective Analysis

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2012-2-108-123 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 108-123

Author(s):

E. Penukhina ◽

D. Belousov ◽

K. Mikhailenko

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Tax Policy ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Tax Policies ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Tax Reforms ◽

Russian Economy ◽

Balanced Budget ◽

Budget System

The article determines, describes and analyzes phases of tax reforms in Russia. We estimate macroeconomic and fiscal effects of various tax policies held during the second and third phases of tax reforms. The necessity of providing a balanced budget system, as well as complex assessment of effects of tax policy changes for the development of the Russian economy is noted.

Download Full-text