scholarly journals Computing the Water Budget Components for Lakes by Using Meteorological Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265
Author(s):  
Rawya Kansoh ◽  
Mohamed Abd-El-Mooty ◽  
Rania Abd-El-Baky
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
Budget Equation ◽  
Gains And Losses

Lake Mariout located between the longitudes of 29° 49′ and 29° 56′E and latitudes of 31° 04′ and 31° 08′N in Egypt. It is situated on the southern side of Alexandria City, Egypt. The land surrounding the lake is occupied by agriculture field, population zones and fish farms. This makes the lake to serve as a sink to drain different kinds of drainage waters from surrounding catchment areas of Alexandria City. The water of Lake Mariout is pumped to the Mediterranean Sea through El-Max pump station. The water budget was computed by measuring or estimating all of the lake’s water gains and losses. Applying the hydrology budget balance for lakes takes the interaction between the inflow and the outflow water from lakes into account. It is very useful for conservation and better management of water resources. All water budget components of the lake are estimated. Groundwater amount is the most difficult component to be measured or estimated in the water budget equation. Most of the previous studies assumed that the residual of water budget to be the groundwater flow to the lake. The results show that the lake Mariout receives approximately 8.95 m3/d from the main drains which represents the major part of the inflow water to lake. The discharge of El-max pump station is also one of the largest components of the outflow water (102 m3/s), while the water loss by evaporation represents 3.2% of the outflow water from the lake. Moreover, the water gain by rainfall 0.38% of the inflow water. The Groundwater flow to/out the lake was estimated as a residual of the water budget equation. It represents 1.2% of the total inputs for the lake water budget. The result shows that the lake is under severe environmental pressure. One of that is the groundwater comes from catchments areas which may be affect the configuration and operating system management of El-Max pump station by the time running.

scholarly journals Assessment of the discharge regime and water budget of Belo Vrelo (source of the Tolisnica River, central Serbia)

2014 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Marina Cokorilo-Ilic ◽  
Vesna Ristic-Vakanjac ◽  
Sibela Oudech ◽  
Boris Vakanjac ◽  
Dusan Polomcic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Discharge Regime ◽  
Budget Equation

A sufficiently long spring discharge regime monitoring data set allows for a large number of analyses, to better understand the process of transformation of precipitation into a discharge hydrograph. It is also possible to determine dynamic groundwater volumes in a karst spring catchment area, the water budget equation parameters and the like. It should be noted that a sufficiently long data set is deemed to be a continuous spring discharge time series of more than 30 years. Such time series are rare in Serbia. They are generally much shorter (less than 15 years), and the respective catchment areas therefore fall into the ?ungauged? category. In order to extend existing karst spring discharge time series, we developed a model whose outputs, apart from mean monthly spring discharges, include daily real evapotranspiration rates, catchment size and dynamic volume variation during the analytical period. So far the model has solely been used to assess the discharge regime and water budget of karst springs. The present paper aims to demonstrate that the model also yields good results in the case of springs that drain aquifers developed in marbles. Belo Vrelo (?White Spring?, source of the Tolisnica River), which drains marbles and marbleized limestones and dolomites of Cemerno Mountain, was selected for the present case study.

scholarly journals Conceptual and Mathematical Modeling of a Coastal Aquifer in Eastern Delta of R. Nestos (N. Greece)

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ioannis Gkiougkis ◽  
Christos Pouliaris ◽  
Fotios-Konstantinos Pliakas ◽  
Ioannis Diamantis ◽  
Andreas Kallioras
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Groundwater Flow Model ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In this paper, the development of the conceptual and groundwater flow model for the coastal aquifer system of the alluvial plain of River Nestos (N. Greece), that suffers from seawater intrusion due to over-pumping for irrigation, is analyzed. The study area is a typical semi-arid hydrogeologic environment, composed of a multi-layer granular aquifers that covers the eastern coastal delta system of R. Nestos. This study demonstrates the results of a series of field measurements (such as geophysical surveys, hydrochemical and isotopical measurements, hydro-meteorological data, land use, irrigation schemes) that were conducted during the period 2009 to 2014. The synthesis of the above resulted in the development of the conceptual model for this aquifer system, that formed the basis for the application of the mathematical model for simulating groundwater flow. The mathematical modeling was achieved using the finite difference method after the application of the USGS code MODFLOW-2005.

Rainfall estimates from opportunistic sensors in Germany across spatio-temporal scales – Geostatistical interpolation framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Eisele ◽  
Maximilian Graf ◽  
Abbas El Hachem ◽  
Jochen Seidel ◽  
Christian Chwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Geostatistical Interpolation ◽  
Primary Network ◽  
Ground Measurement ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>Precipitation - highly variable in space and time - is the most important input for many hydrological models. As these models become more and more detailed in space and time, high-resolution input data are required. Especially for modeling and prediction in fast reacting catchments, such as urban catchment areas, a higher space-time resolution is needed than the current ground measurement networks operated by national weather services usually provide. With the increasing number and availability of opportunistic sensors such as commercial microwave links (CMLs) and personal weather stations (PWS) in recent years, new opportunities for measuring meteorological data are emerging.</p><p>We developed a geostatistical interpolation framework which allows a combination of different opportunistic sensors and their specific features and geometric properties, e.g. point and line information. In this framework, a combined kriging approach is introduced, taking into account not only the point information of a reliable primary network, e.g., from national weather services, but also the higher uncertainty of the PWS- and CML-based precipitation. The path-averaged information of the CMLs is included through a block kriging-type approach.</p><p>The methodology was applied for two 7-months periods in Germany using an hourly temporal and a 1x1 km spatial resolution. By incorporating CMLs and PWS, the Pearson correlation could be increased from 0.56 to 0.73 compared to using only primary network for interpolation. The resulting precipitation maps also provided good agreement compared to gauge adjusted radar products.</p>

Water budget and subsurface runoff determination for small Alpine catchments using WaSIM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bergmeister ◽  
Klaus Klebinder ◽  
Bernhard Kohl ◽  
Ulrich Burger ◽  
Georg Orsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Direct Model ◽  
Subsurface Runoff ◽  
Alpine Catchments ◽  
Brenner Base Tunnel

<p>Assessing the water balance including subsurface runoff in high Alpine catchments is still a major challenge due to environmental and meteorological complexity, and mostly data-lacking hydrology. The aim of this study is the determination of the water balance components and water budget with focus on approximation of interflow, subsurface runoff and groundwater interactions, depending on sediment and bedrock properties.</p><p>In this process we investigate a small, high data providing Alpine catchment in the Wipp Valley (Tyrol, AT) to evaluate the best modelling approach in order to apply it on catchments along the Austrian Brenner axis. Thus, a direct model comparison of the main study catchment, with its (moderate data providing) neighbouring valley is carried out. The main study catchment (Padaster Valley) covers 11.2 km<sup>2</sup> and is located east of Steinach am Brenner in the Wipp Valley. Due to its partially usage as a deposital site, respectively a landfill for the tunnel excavation material of the Brenner Base Tunnel, this valley represents a highly interesting site in a hydrological aspect. Thus, the Padaster Valley is highly monitored and hence predestined for hydrological investigations. Hydrological data such as discharge is measured high frequently on four gauges, meteorological data on two gauges. An additional study catchment (Navis Valley) covers 63 km<sup>2</sup> and is located northerly next the Padaster Valley. Seven gauges provide meteorological data, however, continuous discharge data is just measured at the valley mouth. Further meteorological data for both areas will be contributed by the ZAMG (Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik), whose INCA model provide a high spatial resolution dataset of 1km. However, in order to gain a better overall understanding of subsurface runoff and hydrogeological processes, geological data will be considered and incorporated/integrated in the modelling process. This includes geological maps, - cross sections and geophysical analysis, which help to estimate the bedrock topography, and consequently the volume as well as deeper seated hydrogeological properties of the sediment cover. In this context, continuous data from 7 groundwater observation wells provide information regarding groundwater levels and hydraulic head. To increase the model accuracy regarding subsurface flow processes, subsurface-depending runoff types after Pirkl & Sausgruber (2015) are applied. Furthermore, several maps such as land use, surface runoff coefficient and soil map including grain size distribution of the layers have been compiled by in-situ fieldwork for this study. In order to model the water budget, subsurface runoff and overall hydrological slope properties, the distributed hydrological Model WaSIM (Richards version; Schulla, 1997) is applied. The model is based on a modular system which uses physically-based algorithms.</p><p>The present study is been carried out by the Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW) in collaboration with the Brenner Base Tunnel (BBT-SE).</p>

Gully Morphology and Gully Erosion Control in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 656-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Ehiorobo ◽  
O.R. Ogirigbo
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Data Control ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Bank Stabilization ◽  
And Control

Gully erosion is a highly visible form of soil erosion that results in large volume of soil and sediment transport. Gully processes have a three dimensional nature that are affected by a wide array of factors and processes which include topography, soils, land use and climatic events. In this study the four major Gully erosion sites in Calabar including Ikot Efangha Mkpa, Bebobsco, Inyang Ansa (Atimbo) and Winners, present case studies scenarios. Morphological parameters of the gullies including length, width, depth, slope, area e.t.c were determined from GPS and Total Station Surveys. Meteorological data were obtained from meteorological station in Calabar while soil characteristics for the study areas were obtained from soil samples collected from the site and analysed in the laboratory. The effects of these on the rate of soil loss and gullying were determined.Using hydrological, hydraulics and structural analysis along with the acquired data, control measures were proposed for the gully sites. These included the design of drop structures to control the runoff from the gully heads and prevent further under cutting of the heads. The use of Vertiver grass for bank stabilization and catchment areas protection was proposed. The results of the studies and control measures proposed can be adopted for planning for gully remediation and control in other similar situations.

Pilot operation and evaluation of a meteorological data fed water budget system for turfgrass

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.L. Tsirogiannis ◽  
N. Malamos ◽  
A. Christofides ◽  
S. Anastasiadis ◽  
C. Koliopanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Budget ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Budget System

scholarly journals A Conceptual Model of Groundwater Dynamics in the Catchment Area of the Zagorska Mrežnica Spring, the Karst Massif of Kapela Mountain

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1983
Author(s):  
Renato Buljan ◽  
Krešimir Pavlić ◽  
Josip Terzić ◽  
Dario Perković
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Dinaric Karst ◽  
Groundwater Dynamics

The investigation area is located in the world-famous Dinaric karst. This study presents a conceptual model of groundwater dynamics and its interaction with surface waters, extending from the natural water retention of the Drežničko Polje to the spring zone on the far side of the Kapela Mountain range, including a description of the regional groundwater flow in the Zagorska Mrežnica spring zone. The aim of this research was to determine the possibility of an artificial enlargement of the natural retention of this karst field. Large amounts of water could be exploited in this way for the existing hydroelectric power plants of Gojak and Lešće on the Donja Dobra River. The prolonged retention of the water wave in the Drežničko Polje would extend its efficiency in regards to the production of electrical energy, and simultaneously achieve the mitigation of floods that frequently occur in the broader area of Ogulin. Photogeological analysis of the area was performed, together with geological and hydrogeological mapping, groundwater tracing, measurements of water flows in streams and springs, exploratory drilling and measurements of water levels in 26 piezometric boreholes in the Drežničko Polje. Available meteorological data from nearby weather stations (Jasenak, Drežnica and Modruš) were exploited, as well as hydrological data collected specifically for the modelling of runoff. Based on the results of the data processing, this study has determined: (1) the dynamics of the groundwater flow from the Drežničko Polje to the spring area of the Zagorska Mrežnica, (2) the dynamics of recharge and discharge of the natural retention of the Drežničko Polje; and (3) an improved interpretation of the Zagorska Mrežnica karst spring dynamics. The obtained results of groundwater flow dynamics indicate typical karst flow conditions in the Dinaric Karst, but also contain some specific features.

scholarly journals Regional-Scale Model Analysis of Climate Changes Impact on the Water Budget of the Critical Zone and Groundwater Recharge in the European Part of Russia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Sergey O. Grinevskiy ◽  
Sergey P. Pozdniakov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Dedulina
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
European Part ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Groundwater recharge by precipitation is the main source of groundwater resources, which are widely used in the European part of Russia (ER). The main goal of the presented studies is to analyze the effect of observed climate changes on the processes of groundwater recharge. For this purpose analysis of long-term meteorological data as well as water budget and groundwater recharge simulation were used. First, meteorological data of 22 weather stations, located from south (Lat 46°) to north (Lat 66°) of ER for historical (1965–1988) and modern (1989–2018) periods were compared to investigate the observed latitudinal changes in annual and seasonal averages of precipitation, wind speed, air temperature, and humidity. Second, water budget in critical zone was simulated, using codes SURFBAL and HYDRUS-1D. SURFBAL generates upper boundary conditions for unsaturated flow modelling with HYDRUS-1D, taking into account snow accumulation and melting as well as topsoil freezing, which are important processes that affect runoff generation and the infiltration of meltwater. Water budget and groundwater recharge simulations based on long-term meteorological data and soil and vegetation parameters, typical for the investigated region. The simulation results for the historical and modern periods were compared to find out the impact of climate change on the average annual and seasonal averages of surface runoff, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge, as well as to assess latitudinal differences in water budget changes. The results of the simulation showed, that despite a significant increase in air temperature, groundwater recharge in the southern regions did not change, but even increased up to 50–60 mm/year in the central and northern regions of ER. There are two main reasons for this. First, the observed increase in air temperature is compensated by a decrease in wind speed, so there was no significant increase in evapotranspiration in the modern period. Also, the observed increase in air temperature and precipitation in winter is the main reason for the increase in groundwater recharge, since these climate changes lead to an increase in water infiltration into the soil in the cold period, when there is no evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Groundwater flow and water budget in the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems in east-central Florida

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicasio Sepúlveda ◽  
Claire Tiedeman ◽  
Andrew M. O'Reilly ◽  
Jeffrey B. Davis ◽  
Patrick Burger
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Floridan Aquifer ◽  
Aquifer Systems

scholarly journals Water budget of Skærsø, a lake in south-east Jylland, Denmark: exchange between groundwater and lake water

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertel Nilsson ◽  
Peter Engesgaard ◽  
Jacob Kidmose ◽  
Sachin Karan ◽  
Majken Caroline Looms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Regional Hydrogeology ◽  
Catchment Areas

The European Union’s Water Frame - work Directive aims to achieve a ‘good’ ecological status for groundwater bodies, for groundwater-dependent terrestrial ecosystems, and for aquatic surface water bodies by the year 2015. In Denmark, this goal will most likely not be fulfilled within such a short time frame due to the current poor ecological condition of Danish lakes (Søndergaard et al. 2008). However, public concern about the protection of aquatic environments has increased, and so has interest in improving lake water quality by reducing nutrient loading. Effective and sustainable lake restoration and conservation depend on the ability to (1) point out sensitive catchment areas for the lake, (2) estimate its total water and nutrient budgets and (3) relate observed differences in seepage rates to the abundance and distribution of macrophytes in the lake and to the topography and land-use of the surrounding terrain. In seepage lakes, i.e. lakes without inlets or outlets, the influence of the surrounding terrain, regional hydrogeology and lake geometry on the overall lake water budget has been studied in some detail (Krabbenhoft et al. 1990; Anderson & Cheng 1993; Cheng & Anderson, 1994; Kratz et al. 1997;

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