MILITARY ART OF THE KISH ATAMAN OF ZAPOROZ’KA SICH PETRO KALNYSHEVSKY IN HISTOROGRAPHY OF THE END OF THE ХVІІІ – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Halyna Кotsur
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
The Military

Petro Kalnyshevsky (1691-1803) entered the history of Ukraine as the last kish ataman of the Zaporoz’ka Sich, a talented military leader, a diplomat, an economist and a philanthropist. Personality of P. Kalnyshevsky causes heated debate until this time, despite a significant number of works (over 1650) devoted to the study of the important milestones of his life and activities. Among the masses of various topics associated with P. Kalnyshevsky, which arise periodically, is the military activity and martial art of the Zaporozhian leader, through the prism of the history of Nova Sich and the Russian-Turkish wars of the eighteenth century. The analysis of the status of the study of the figure of the Cossack ataman of the Zaporoz’n Sich P. Kalnyshevsky at the end of the XVIII – early XX centuries has shown unequal interest in this problem and ambiguous attitude towards it. We must pay tribute to the fact that it was the historical researches of the specified period that formed the basis for further objective research on the history of New Sich and the direct activities of P. Kalnyshevsky. The military activities of P. Kalnyshevsky began to be highlighted in the writings of the first historians of the Cossacks and continue to cause a research interest until nowadays. Nevertheless, there are no special studies on the identified issues in Ukrainian historiography. This issue was considered and continues to attract the attention of historians only in the context of studying the history of the Cossacks in general, or the life and activities of P. Kalnyshevsky. The historiographical analysis of the works related to the military activity of the Cossack ataman P. Kalnyshevsky made it possible to identify certain features and stages of the study of this problem. This issue didn’t attract the attention of scientists for a long time, and the available information concerned mainly the military service of the Zaporozhians during the Russo-Turkish wars. Thus, at the time of the XVIII century, we encounter small references that cover the military service of the Sich Cossacks. They are devoid of objectivity and permeated with a negative attitude towards the Cossacks, which shows the undeniable influence of imperial ideology on scientific research. There are observed some changes in the problem that we find out in the works of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Historians of this era sought to deeper and more objective clarification of the issue. They used archival materials in their studies. However, the source base was provided without its critical analysis.

scholarly journals The actor of power in the conditions of modern warfare: David's strategy vs Goliath's strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Natalia Aleksandrovna Balakleets
Keyword(s):  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Natural Outcome ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
The Military ◽  
David And Goliath

This article is dedicated to solution of the crucial problems of the philosophy of war – the paradox of David and Goliath. The weaker, technically inferior side of military confrontation often defeats the stronger one, which is equipped with the latest technology by the world political actors. The author describes the heterogeneous and asymmetric nature of modern wars, which involve state and non-state actors, and combine regular and irregular combat practices. It is indicated that the mobile and flexible strategy of partisan war, which is more effective than the actions of regular army, is now being adopted by them. Therefore, if an irregular soldier, a partisan, in the conditions of classical inter-state war possessed the status of “unlawful combatant”, in modern wars, the soldiers of regular army must prove their superiority over the partisans. The scientific novelty of this research lies in determination of the two paradigms of warfare relevant to the current situation in the society, which correspond to the strategies of David and Goliath. The first is characteristic to high-tech societies, which have entered the post-heroic era losing imperative of sacrifice. The conclusion is made that the military activity of modern Goliaths is being transformed in accordance with transhumanistic and poshumanistic scenarios. The natural outcome of high-tech warfare of the future should become a post-human war waged by artificial intelligence. The response to high-tech challenges of the leading world political actors is the guerrilla warfare strategy of modern David, which is founded on the idea of sacrifice and willingness to take lethal risks, and debunks the key role of the factor of technological superiority in achieving victory.

Rapports intertextuels et (re)constructions identitaires dans le roman Bois rouge de Jean-Marie Touratier

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Loredana Stănică ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Jean De Lery ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Great Complexity

Published in 1993, the novel Bois rouge by Jean-Marie Touratier brings to life the history of the short-lived French colony of Brazil, the Antarctic France, whose existence, reduced to only five years (1555-1560), was described in the travelogues written in the 16th century by André Thevet (Les Singularitez de la France Antarctique - The New Found World, or Antarctike) and Jean de Léry (Histoire d’un voyage faict en la terre du Brésil – History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil). Beneath the appearance of a simple story told by an ironic voice, sometimes even satirical towards the military leader of the French colony, the Knight of Malta Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon and his chaplain, André Thevet, future cosmographer of the kings of France, the novel delves into issues of great complexity, such as (the issue of) identity and the relationship to the Other (the American “savage”).

Developing Professional Identity of Military Translators: Communicative Aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
B. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Professional Duty ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
The Military

The article reveals the relevance of the study due to the need to develop the professional identity of military translators in the context of their preparation for professional communication in international conflicts. The research discloses the essence of the professional identity of military translators as a psychological and pedagogical phenomenon, which is an integrative quality of the military translator's personality, characterized by understanding the social significance, purpose and meaning of military service, high motivation to fulfill professional duty, and the ability to linguistically support military activity at the international level. Special attention in the formation of the professional identity of military translators in a communicative context is paid to the mastery of military terminology and terminology combinations, linguistic realities and military slang, and the peculiarities of professional communication in the military sphere. The author concludes that the development of the professional identity of military translators contributes to the development of the personality of the future officer and is a means of improving the quality of the training of military translators for professional communication in international conflicts.

Lyrics of Protest

2017 ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gakahu
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Country Music ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Political Music ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Political Songs

The history of Kenya is loaded with continuous moments when music played a key role in expressing various issues in the country. Music is one of the most important modes through which ordinary Kenyans express their wishes, identity, frustrations and aspirations. For a long time, freedom of speech in Kenya, especially on issues touching political injustice had been curtailed. However, musicians in Kenya offered an alternative means of challenging the political status quo in the country by use of musical lyrics which address injustices directly or metaphorically. What is the place of music in Kenya's political landscape? Has political music in Kenya made a difference in governance and in educating the masses on their political and social rights? Have political songs helped change the political and social climate in Kenya? These issues are examined in this chapter.

scholarly journals Greek mercenaries in Sais Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Vladimir Il'ich Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Colonization ◽  
Greek World

This article is dedicated to examination of the history of emergence of Greek mercenaries during the riling time of XXVI Sais Dynasty. The author reviews the status and role of Greek mercenaries in the armed forced of Sais rulers, organization of their service and living conditions. Considering the fact that the use of Greek mercenaries in Egypt army was a part of the traditional policy of Sais rulers and carried mass character, the author refers to the problem  of social origin of the phenomenon of mercenarism in the Greek society of Archaic era. The research applies comparative-historical method that allows viewing the phenomenon of mercenarism in the historical context – based on the comparative data analysis of ancient written tradition. By the time of Sais Dynasty, control over regions that traditionally provided mercenaries to the Egypt army was lost. Under the circumstances, in order to compensate such losses, Egypt conscripted into military service the hailed from the Greek world. Mercenaries became the first Greeks settled on the Egyptian land. The conclusion is made that the Greek colonization, in absence of other ways to enter the formerly closed to the Greeks Egypt, at its initial stage manifested in such distinct form.

scholarly journals Taking “KuangLu Figure” as an Example, This Paper Discusses the Significance of the Collection of Imitation Works in the Study of Art History

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Hengjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Original Work ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

For a long time, “KuangLu figure” (Figure 1) has been regarded as one of Hongguzi’s representative works. In fact, the masterpiece “KuangLu figure” is not the original work of Hongguzi but a copy of later generations, but it has not affected the status of the masterpiece in the history of art. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the importance of the imitation in the study of art history.

scholarly journals Theoretical review of psychosemantic studies of military servants

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Qualitative Effect ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
The Military

The article analyzes psychosemantic researches of servicemen in Ukraine and Russia. The study proposed solutions to the following tasks: to analyze the main content of psychosemantic research with the military and determine the focus of further research with the military. The general analysis of psychosemantic studies of servicemen can be divided into three groups: The first group is the study of the peculiarities of the personal and semantic sphere of servicemen, as well as professional identity. The second group is the study of the behavior of the military, the features of their communication and motivation to serve. Performance of their official duties due to the regularity and hierarchy of military service. The third is the study of the formation of social representations about the image of the military and the army in general. Familiarization with the results and conclusions of the psychosemantic researches of military personnel, received by specialists, allowed to determine the focus of further research in this direction. In further studies, in our opinion, the actual question arises of the study of social representations of conscripts and soldiers of the regular service for the army and the military, as well as its impact on society as an important social institution. The study of these social representations can have a qualitative effect on the formation of young people's motivation to undergo military service, their adaptation to military activity, and the quality of their military professional tasks. The need for conducting these studies is determined by the dynamics of society development, the peculiarities of the modern worldview and the importance of military structures for each country.

scholarly journals “What the great Alexander and the famous Julius Caesar wanted so much to see”. A commemoration of the fourth centenary of the Blue Nile Sources discovery by the Spanish Jesuit Pedro Páez Xaramillo (April 21th, 1618)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 012
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
History Of ◽  
White Nile ◽  
Athanasius Kircher ◽  
The Military

On April 21, 1618 Pedro Páez visited the small spring where the waters of the Blue Nile rise before passing through Lake Tana. The site had been seen before by the military leader of the group of Ethio-Portuguese descendants of the Portuguese soldiers who had helped the Christian kingdom in the wars of 1541-1543, who passed the news to the missionaries shortly before 1607. In both cases the Ethiopian kings, Särsä Dengel and Susenyos, took them to the sources, showing that the local population had a clear knowledge of the river course. Páez was the first European who described all its characteristics, occupying a complete chapter of his “History of Ethiopia”. Although this book was not published until the 20th century, the manuscript was copied and the information was incorporated into the global knowledge before the end of the 17th century, through the works of the German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher and the maps of the Venetian geographer, Vincenzo Coronelli. In this way, a problem that had intrigued travellers, geographers and historians since antiquity was solved. The next European who visited the place was the Scottish James Bruce in 1770, and the sources in Lake Victoria of the other large arm of the river, the White Nile, were not discovered until two and a half centuries later, with the travels of the English John Hanning Speke in 1858-1862.

THE HISTORY OF POPULATION MIGRATION FROM EASTERN TURKESTAN IN THE FERGHANA REGION AT THE END OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Akrom Akhunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Turkestan ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Military

The article discusses the problem of the peoples of East Turkestan fleeing the oppression of the Chinese Manchus and moving to two regions of Central Asia: the 70s and the Fergana Valley.An independent state will be created in East Turkestan by the military leader and diplomat Yakubbek. After his death in 1877, a struggle for the throne began between his sons, which passed into the hands of the Chinese. The occupation of the Etishahr state led to a massive resettlement ofthe population to the Fergana Valley. As a result of migration, large numbers of ethnic Uyghurs migrated to the Fergana Valley and Uyghur villages emerged.

Conscription that didn’t happen (as to the question regarding the attempt for the conscription of Ukrainians into the Polish army in 1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 173-193
Author(s):  
Igor Mraka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Special Investigation ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military

Background: In the summer of 1920 the Polish-Soviet reached its apogee. While Soviet troops were approaching Warsaw, the fate of Polish statehood was to be decided. Having suffered numerous casualties, captivity and desertion of servicemen, the Polish army needed additional replenishment. Desertion, panic, self-harm of the military turned out to be especially destructive for the army, which badly undermined its fighting capacity. Under such circumstances, the Polish authorities took the decision to conduct general conscription campaign, which also included national minorities. The topic of conscription into the Polish army in the summer of 1920 in Eastern Galicia, involving also Ukrainians, has not been the subject of special investigation. Some aspects are only partially mentioned in the works by Polish researchers. Domestic scientists have hardly touched upon this problem. Given this, the following topic remains its relevance. Purpose: The work is aimed to analyze the circumstances under which the military-political authority decided to conduct additional conscription campaign into the Polish army in the summer of 1920, to determine the attitude of conscripts to military service duty, and to reveal the factors that influenced the mobilization and its results. Results: The conscription campaign in Eastern Galicia in the summer and autumn of 1920 did not live up to the country authority’s expectations, since most conscripts avoided joining the army. That was due to the unfavorable development of the situation at the front (Soviet offensive, desertion), disorganization of the administrative apparatus, because of panic, and hasty evacuation), infectious diseases, Soviet propaganda. The failure of conscription was also caused by some subjective factors such as low level of national consciousness of recruits, poor understanding of the tragic circumstances in which the country found itself, unwillingness to serve and fight owing to the work in households, survival instinct, and cowardice. The attempt and idea to conscript Ukrainians into the Polish army was unrealistic from the very beginning due to the tense social and political relations, the negative attitude of Ukrainians towards the Polish state, and the unpredictable outcome of the situation in case of increasing number of Ukrainians in the army. Therefore, realizing the challenges associated with the growth of the number of Ukrainians in the army especially at the front country's authorities refused to implement this plan. Key words: 1920, Polish Army, deserters, conscription, Eastern Galicia, national consciousness.

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