scholarly journals FINANCIAL METHODS OF INFLUENCE ON INNOVATIVE MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WORLD EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
R.S. Bilyk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Accelerated Depreciation ◽  
Institutional Foundations ◽  
Financial Regulatory

These article is about the objective preconditions and regularities of conducting transformational changes in the economy of different countries of the world on innovative basis. It is substantiated, that the development of innovative modernization of the economy should be one of the main means system of state regulation itself. The experience of developed countries of the world had analyzed with regard to the use of financial methods and tools for activating innovation and conducting R & D. It substantiated, that the necessity of implementation of this experience in Ukraine in order to ensure modernization of the economy through introduction of various tax privileges, accelerated depreciation of fixed capital, cheap loans, etc.. It had proved, that the development and implementation of financial regulation methods in the mechanism of innovation modernization of the economy should take into account the features and structure of the domestic economy, the depth of globalization transformations and the degree of development of financial institutions. The focus of financial regulatory methods for modernizing the economy involves the concentration, distribution and redistribution of financial and economic resources, reorientation of the economy towards an innovative model of development. The priority directions had determined and recommendations had developed on improving the institutional foundations of financial policy in the context of innovative modernization of the Ukrainian economy. Among the most important areas are the following: the search for new sources and increase of financing of innovative development, improvement of the effectiveness of the influence of financial instruments on the rate of economic growth, the growth of the share of high-tech component of the economy, etc.

FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Makukh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Debt Market

The article analyses the main trends in the world economy through the prism of the current global financial and credit system. Various forecasts for the development of the world economy were assessed and noted that they do not correspond to real trends and patterns. These forecasts cannot assess the conceptual principles of the structure of the financial and credit base of the economy. Such forecasting is carried out on the principles of the achieved indicators and the developed methods of estimation of disturbances in the financial markets. The specificity of the state of the debt market is indicated, which allows to develop the economy only by increasing the total debt obligations, which leads to a complete loss of profitability of debt securities. It is proved that no defaults and debt write-offs do not renew the economy; these instruments only restart the mechanism of holding the debt market. Such development is a direct consequence of liberal regulation and a departure from the full functions of money, which leads to a conceptual change in the paradigm of the financial system. The limitations of the dominant concept of the financial and credit system, which was based on the basic foundations of the Bretton Woods Conference, were revealed. Criteria for financial regulation of a market economy have been identified and substantiated, which have exhausted their effectiveness and do not guarantee an early effect, but are only immediate. It is noted that the global pandemic and financial infusions to overcome it are a tool for accumulating total debt in the long run. The primary measures for debt restructuring are indicated, namely the support of low-debt fundamental companies that will meet the objective basic needs of innovative companies. Factors of economic development are explained: growth of economic productivity, short-term and long-term credit cycles and political component. It is indicated that productivity determines the priority of society's development in the long run, and the element of its implementation is knowledge in the absence of political dictate, which will form a new financial and credit mechanism. High-tech knowledge is needed to ensure productivity development, so investing in education and knowledge without different dogmas can bring the world economy to a new level of efficiency.

Design of High-Tech Metre Gauge Coaches on Indian Railways

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
K B L Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Vertical Mode ◽  
The Past ◽  
Test Speed ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The World ◽  
Lateral Mode ◽  
Ride Index ◽  
The Developed Countries

This paper traces the steps taken by the Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) of Indian Railways in the past to improve the metre gauge bogie design, which resulted in crossing the age-old speed barrier of 75 km/h, initially in 1977, when the Pink City Express was introduced at a maximum permissible speed of 100 km/h. The ‘Sperling ride index’ achieved at that time at the 110 km/h test speed was nearing 3.2 in the lateral mode and 3.33 in the vertical mode. Major design modifications are described that were carried out in the conventional metre gauge bogie/body, using indigenous technology, while designing high-tech metre gauge (MG) coaches. These are suitable for running on Indian Railways' track at a maximum permissible speed of 120 km/h and at the same time provide superior riding characteristics (with sperling ride index restricted to 2.75) comparable to those available on the main line coaches of 1000 mm gauge in the developed countries of the world.

scholarly journals Key innovative technologies in russian oil production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Marine M. Manukyan ◽  
Sergey N. Yashin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
The World

The problem of innovation is a key one for most of the industrialized countries of the world. Scientific and technical products resulting from intellectual activity need to create a system of protection of industrial property rights, which is a mandatory attribute of developed countries. The efficiency of modern Russian national economy is based on the scientific and technical potential of the country, along with natural and labor resources. The transition of the economy to a new qualitative state increases the importance of innovation and the development of high-tech industries, which, ultimately, are the most important factor in overcoming the economic crisis and providing conditions for economic growth. The innovative development of the Russian oil and gas sector depends on the state of the world market. It is necessary to look for other sources directly related to the main issues of scientific and technological development, including: improving the efficiency of exploration; increase of efficiency of development of oil and gasoline in remote areas; improving the efficiency of exploration in the floodplains of the remaining oil reserves; the increase in the average and low production of dense and high-quality construction of wells to a depth of more than 4 km; increasing the productivity of reservoir wells with low permeability. Therefore, scientific foundations of the development of oil and gas complex and the law of the development of innovative technologies are very relevant and have important theoretical and practical significance. The relevance of the topic of the article is expressed in the fact that the world's largest oil and gas companies are constantly looking for ways to improve efficiency, including through the use of innovative methods of oil search, exploration and production. In this case, the competitiveness and long-term survival of an oil company depends on the effectiveness of its innovation activities. The article considers the main innovative technologies in oil production in Russia and their features.

scholarly journals Indonesia and a Marginality Trap

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(50)) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Anton O. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Muslim Communities

Indonesia has a huge population over 270 million people. The Republic of Indonesia is the largest Muslim state in the world. Its steady economic growth faces a deep challenge due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesian education and medicine systems are insufficient whereas the country nowadays has no high-tech or knowledge-intensive technologies. Indonesia looks a bit marginal facing current challenges, especially in comparison with the developed countries. The poverty rate is high in Indonesia. The country also faces a rise of radical Muslim communities. The COVID-19 pandemic does help the Indonesian military to strengthen again. Many challenges — demographic, economic, social, political and cultural — imply that any Indonesian government has to maneuver between the Armed Forces, Muslim groups, and the poor.

scholarly journals Mechanism of improvement of logistics system in agro-industrial complex of Belarus in the conditions of regional trade and economic integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-178
Author(s):  
N. V. Kireyenka ◽  
A. L. Kosava
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Food System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

In conditions of establishing market relations and development of integration processes, efficient functioning of agrarian complex of the Republic of Belarus requires searching for new mechanisms and methods to improve competitiveness. As experience of economically developed countries of the world shows, states and producers actively use diverse logistic solutions, models, strategies and methods for planning and arranging activities. Organization of resource support for agricultural producers and promotion of their products in market according to logistics principles results in a significant economic, social and environmental effect. The paper, in the context of the modern period, presents social and economic indicators of the transport and logistics sector, system of state regulation, structural characteristics of logistics centers, agricultural foreign trade and logistics infrastructure. The main factors were identified hindering development of agrologistics in Belarus. Organizational and economic mechanism has been developed for improving logistical activities at the interstate (EAEU) and national levels have been developed. In case of proposal to create a single agrologistics market of Eurasian Economic Union at the interstate level, it is planned to increase efficiency of the national agrologistics market on the national level based on expansion of logistics infrastructure. Via integration of several prediction methods (expert assessments (pessimistic, optimistic and probabilistic opinions), economic and mathematical (extrapolation, time series analysis), non-standard (verbal information)), a reasonable forecast of development of logistics centers of the Republic of Belarus until 2025 was made. The issues in the paper are of interest for preparation of draft state programs and strategies in the field of agrologistics and development of exchange activities, development of country position in implementation of the agreed agro-industrial policy of the EAEU Member States.Acknowledgments. The study was performed within the framework of the following research programs and assignments: State program of scientific research “Quality and efficiency of agro-industrial production” for 2016–2020, subprogram 1 “Economics of agro-industrial complex”, task 1.3 “Study of theoretical and methodological basis for efficient functioning of the national food system, improvement of foreign economic activity of agro-industrial complex, methods and mechanisms of management for agricultural products quality in the context of deepening regional and international integration ” for 2016–2018; State Research and Technical Program “Agropromkompleks-2020” for 2016–2020, subprogram “Agropromkompleks – efficiency and quality”, task 1.1 “Develop a system of scientifically substantiated recommendations ensuring sustainable and efficient functioning of the national food market, foreign trade policy of the agro-industrial complex of Belarus, forming of mechanism of state regulation of agricultural products quality in the context of development of the world trade and economic space” for 2016–2018.

scholarly journals دور الشفافية المالية في حد الفساد

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (0) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
عكاب حمد ◽  
شيماء محمد
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Transparency

The corruption in general and financial and administrative corruption in particular has become a global phenomenon that worries the whole world. Corruption rates vary among countries and their levels are lower in developed countries and vice versa in developing countries. In recent years they reached very advanced levels, All levels (financial, economic, social, political, cultural...) The fact that the world is aware of the seriousness of this phenomenon has pushed everyone to seek ways or means to help reduce corruption. If there are different solutions to that goal, the application of financial transparency may be the most effective solution. The solution may be in the fight against financial and administrative corruption and reducing it through the establishment of a stable and stable financial policy that allows individuals to familiarize themselves with the state's fiscal policy approach. See all the details related to income and expenditure and the general budget. This is done by disseminating the laws, instructions and circulars of the state's financial policy, making them accessible to everyone in a simple and easy way so that all individuals can know the rights and duties assigned to them. The lack of clarity of the details of the revenues obtained and the expenses and their losses have greatly contributed to the growth of corruption. Corruption and financial transparency are inverse. The greater the transparency, the less corruption and vice versa. The more transparency, the greater the corruption

scholarly journals Economic Security Management of Insurance Services Market of Ukraine: The Theoretical Aspects and Practical Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
R. V. Kobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article is aimed at defining the theoretical aspects of managing the economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, searching for ways to develop special practical recommendations to solve the outlined problem. In the context of transformational changes and globalization metamorphoses, the issue of ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market in Ukraine is one of the priorities. The article discusses the risk factors influencing the provision of a high level of economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, analyzes the mechanisms for managing the economic security of the insurance services market. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of models of the State regulation of economic security of the insurance services market of the countries of the world, which helps to form the main emphasis on the state of development of the insurance services market of Ukraine. The practice of developed countries of the world indicates the inadmissibility of such a mechanism for ensuring economic balance as insurance premiums, and the need to focus on the formation of insurance reserves. Based on the practice of the developed countries of the world, it is advisable to summarize the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the insurance services market as a single system, monitoring of which will ensure systematic economic development, quick managerial decisions in transformational conditions and attraction of investment funds for long-term strategic planning. In addition, the article draws a parallel between ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market and the development of the Ukrainian economy in the context of a rapid change in external influence factors, involving priority mechanisms for ensuring the long-term investment development of the country. The main directions of improvement of the State regulation of economic security of insurance services market are proposed.

scholarly journals World experience of innovative cluster model of regional development: priorities of adaptation in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Vira SHPYLOVA
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Model ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Local Cluster ◽  
Innovative Cluster ◽  
The World ◽  
Small And Medium Business

Introduction. In many countries around the world, globalization is accompanied by the intensification of clustering processes, which is recognized as the best opportunity to strengthen and develop small and medium-sized businesses, increase the competitiveness of enterprises in the development of international relations and interregional partnerships. Cluster formations are relevant for developed countries, as well as for those in the development stage, in which small and medium-sized businesses are the basis of the economy, provide the production of the bulk of GDP and provide employment for a significant part of the working population. Purpose. The article is devoted to the review of the experience of developed countries in the implementation, support and development of clustering as the best opportunity to strengthen and develop small and medium-sized businesses, increase the competitiveness of enterprises, the formation of strong international ties. The study aims to assess the world experience in terms of formation and implementation of economic interests and priorities of adaptation in Ukraine. Results. To identify the priorities of clustering as a progressive model of regional economic development, the peculiarities of the formation and development of cluster structures in the most developed countries are considered. Peculiarities of cluster formation in the USA, Great Britain, France, Japan, China, and Germany are highlighted. In European countries, about 70% of cluster structures operate in the industrial sector. In India and Japan, more than 65-70% of enterprises are active members of clusters, in the United States; more than 50% of enterprises operate as part of cluster associations. The economies of Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden are affected by clustering, and the activity of creating clusters in China and Southeast Asia has increased significantly. The characteristic features of the cluster model in each of the countries and the role of clusters in the formation of the country's GDP are revealed. It is established that innovation is the basis of the cluster model in any country. The influence of state regulation and regional programs on the development of cluster formation is noted. It is noted that a few decades ago clustering developed slowly, spontaneously and chaotically, but now it is a powerful tool of interaction between the state, research institutions, business sector, which is implemented through the mechanism of financing research institutions with equipment and resources. Conclusion. The review of innovative cluster models of developed countries testifies to their focus on innovative development and relevant state policy. Also, clustering, which in itself involves a partnership of participants, can be successful when there is close cooperation of business with different areas and specialization of research institutions that provide development of different types of innovations. The priorities of adaptation of the world experience of the innovative cluster model to the Ukrainian realities are substantiated: sustainable development of small and medium business; brand creation; involvement in cluster formation of regional level institutions, creation of a local cluster structure; long-term perspective of cluster formation. The article is devoted to the Review of experience of development of the countries concerning Implementation, support and development of clustering as the best opportunity for strengthening and development of small and medium business, Increase of competitiveness of the enterprises, formation of strong international communications. Research of orientations is based on an estimation of world experience from a position of formation and realization of economic interests and priorities of adaptation in Ukraine. The world experience of the innovative cluster model is highlighted. Features of cluster formation in the USA, Great Britain, France, Japan, China, and Germany are considered. The characteristic rids of the cluster model in each of the countries and the role of clusters in the formation of the country’s GDP is revealed. It is established that innovation is the basis of the cluster model in any country. The influence of state regulation and regional programs on the development of cluster formation is noted. The Priorities of adaptation of the WORLD experience of the innovative cluster model to the Ukrainian realities are substantiated: sustainable development of small and medium business; creating a brand; Involvement in clustering of regional level institutions, creation of a local cluster structure; long-term perspective of cluster formation.

scholarly journals The World Financial Crisis and The Polish Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Adamowicz ◽  
Tomasz Adamowicz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The subject of the work is to provide an overview of the global financial crisis in the years 2007-2011; its course, symptoms and effects in the world and in Poland. The work presents the causes and the sources of crisis as well as corrective measures taken by governments and financial institutions. The subject literature and information from different national and international financial institutions and organisations were used as a source of research materials and data for analysis. The financial crisis appeared in Poland with some delay and was less intensive than in other developed countries. Anti-crisis measures taken in Poland complied with the recommendations of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. The measures taken by the Polish central bank concerned the institutional sphere, the manner in which the financial policy worked and how it was pursued, as well as the real sphere of the economy, including especially enterprises, households and public institutions.

scholarly journals Cities as command and control centres of the world economy: An empirical analysis, 2006–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (38) ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Csomós
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

AbstractAs a result of their rapid economic growth, several powerful corporate giants have emerged in developing countries, especially in China, operating not only in the traditional manufacturing sector, but also in high-tech industries and finance. Major cities in developing countries have gradually become important command and control centres of the global economy, and have also become powerful enough to be in the same tier as major cities of developed countries around the world. In this paper, I examine the position of cities as command and control centres on the basis of the power of their headquartered corporations. The result shows that until 2012, New York, London, Tokyo, and Paris; i.e. the global cities, were the leading command and control centres. However, the gap between these global cities and Beijing gradually closed, and by 2015, the Chinese capital outranked all the global cities. The outstanding performance of Beijing-based corporations that operate in financial, energy, and construction services sectors is the driving force behind Beijing’s increasing global power. In addition, the leading position of the global cities as command and control centres has been threatened by the San Francisco-San Jose metropolitan region, a newly emerging economic hub in the United States.

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