scholarly journals Indonesia and a Marginality Trap

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(50)) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Anton O. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Muslim Communities

Indonesia has a huge population over 270 million people. The Republic of Indonesia is the largest Muslim state in the world. Its steady economic growth faces a deep challenge due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesian education and medicine systems are insufficient whereas the country nowadays has no high-tech or knowledge-intensive technologies. Indonesia looks a bit marginal facing current challenges, especially in comparison with the developed countries. The poverty rate is high in Indonesia. The country also faces a rise of radical Muslim communities. The COVID-19 pandemic does help the Indonesian military to strengthen again. Many challenges — demographic, economic, social, political and cultural — imply that any Indonesian government has to maneuver between the Armed Forces, Muslim groups, and the poor.

Design of High-Tech Metre Gauge Coaches on Indian Railways

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
K B L Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Vertical Mode ◽  
The Past ◽  
Test Speed ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The World ◽  
Lateral Mode ◽  
Ride Index ◽  
The Developed Countries

This paper traces the steps taken by the Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) of Indian Railways in the past to improve the metre gauge bogie design, which resulted in crossing the age-old speed barrier of 75 km/h, initially in 1977, when the Pink City Express was introduced at a maximum permissible speed of 100 km/h. The ‘Sperling ride index’ achieved at that time at the 110 km/h test speed was nearing 3.2 in the lateral mode and 3.33 in the vertical mode. Major design modifications are described that were carried out in the conventional metre gauge bogie/body, using indigenous technology, while designing high-tech metre gauge (MG) coaches. These are suitable for running on Indian Railways' track at a maximum permissible speed of 120 km/h and at the same time provide superior riding characteristics (with sperling ride index restricted to 2.75) comparable to those available on the main line coaches of 1000 mm gauge in the developed countries of the world.

A Study on the Economic Benefits of Globalization: Focusing on the Poverty and Inequality between the Rich and the Poor

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyup Shin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries

Globalization is now well recognized by many as an inescapable feature of the world today. In particular, in the middle of global economic crisis globalization is one of the hot issues drawing much attention from countries around the world. There are contradictory perspectives on globalization. There are many sweeping statements that assert that economic globalization is increasing global poverty and inequality between the rich and the poor in the world. There are also many others who insist that the poverty and inequality issues have been resolved in some sense through globalization. In order to find the answer to the question, firstly the meaning of globalization was fully explained. Based on the understanding of globalization, the questions such as how globalization has contributed to reduce the economic gap between the developed and the developing countries, and to reduce the poverty by analyzing the economic growth, the number of people living below the absolute poverty line and so on were analyzed. The reasons why globalization is a good opportunity for some countries while some other countries get not something from the globalization was also discussed in this research. We found that globalization has contributed to reduce global poverty and to increase the welfare of both the developed and developing countries. However globalization has impacted different groups differently. Some have benefited enormously, while others have borne more of the costs. The developed countries could get more economic benefits from the less developed countries through globalization. This means, inequality between the rich and the poor countries still remained as a serious threat in the global economy. And even among the developing countries globalization has impacted differently. The trends toward faster growth and poverty reduction are strongest in developing economies that have integrated with the global economy most rapidly, which supports the view that integration has been a positive force for improving the lives of people in developing countries There are two main reasons for the inequality existing between the developed and developing countries. The fist one is the difference of economic size and power between the developed countries and the developing countries started to exist from the late 18th century. The second one is the differences in the management skill in taking advantage of the globalization.

scholarly journals The Resource Potential of the Participating Countries of the Eurasian Economic Union

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulesh Kalenova ◽  
Rahman Alshanov ◽  
Ali Abishev ◽  
Valentina Gerasimenko
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
State Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Against the background of international openness and globalization of the world economy, it is very difficult to achieve higher competitiveness in the state without the support of friendly neighbors. In this age of competition of constructive ideas, high technologies, knowledge-intensive the problem of innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the Eurasian Economic Union became central dominant of understanding the goals and methods of reforming the modern state economy. The main ambitious goal is a breakthrough of Kazakhstan in the 30 most competitive countries of the world. This goal promotes the development of a coherent policy of modern developments management and the formation of a national innovation system with effective mechanisms of interaction between government, business and science in the context of the EEU. Kazakhstan tries to integrate experience of developed countries into this process. These countries began their journey to progress from the unification into regional economic alliances. The article analyzes the integration processes and actions of economic activity of participating countries of the Eurasian Economic Union in the new environment. It also examines contemporary processes of globalization and the necessity of creating an economic union, particular features of the regional economic communities. The article includes materials of the Eurasian Economic Union historical background. There was conducted analysis of integration processes development in the economic environment on the example of post-Soviet states joined in the Eurasian Economic Union.

scholarly journals Getting Competitive Advantages for High-Tech Companies: Model Formation

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Levina
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Business Combination ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Model Formation ◽  
To Receive

Research objective — to create model of obtaining competitive advantages the hi-tech companies. The method of the qualitative and comparative analysis which allows to receive a set of successful and unsuccessful configurations – combinations of factors which bring is chosen or don't lead to desirable result. The model is urged to promote formation of steady competitive advantage — a stable fast conclusion of a large number of qualitative and demanded innovations to the world market. Two successful scenarios for the sector companies "Electronics and technical providing" are revealed. If the company functions in various branches, it needs to concentrate on increase of liquidity and business combination by acquisition affiliated and creations of joint ventures in the macroregion. Managers of the hi-tech companies of the developed countries can use the developed model during the developing and correction of strategy, and also at adoption of administrative decisions. The separate specified factors and were considered earlier in literature, their association in the specified scenario models for obtaining competitive advantages is new development.

scholarly journals Integration Processes of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the World Economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin İsmayilov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Developed Countries

The article deals with the economic development characteristics of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the natural resources and production of Azerbaijan. After the independence, the policy of the new market economy followed by the Azerbaijani state and government and plans of how the developed countries will integrate their economic practice will be examined. With the new investments in the country and the introduction of the products to be produced in the world markets, the steps and plans to strengthen the economic relations with the world will be discussed. The role of Azerbaijan in the world economy, its foreign-economic relations with other states and continents were analyzed extensively. Proposals have been made to further develop and upgrade existing economic relations.

scholarly journals PRIORITIES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (48) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
A. Bejsenov ◽  
Sh. Abzhalelova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Developed Countries

The use of a systematic approach in the formation of innovation policy in the developed countries of the world has acquired paramount importance, especially against the background of such modern trends in the development of the world economy:- competition for high-quality human capital is becoming the most important characteristic of global innovative development, the growing mobility of highly qualified personnel also ensures processesdissemination of knowledge;- the role of information technologies in the process of spreading knowledge is becoming more and more relevant for the further growth of innovative activity, the processes of spreading knowledge have gone beyond the limits of individual economies;- globalization forces companies to compete at ever higher levels of technology and at the same time stimulates the processes of specialization and localization of innovations.

scholarly journals Development of the innovative economy based on the transformation of the knowledge-intensive enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Tatyana Kurina
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

In modern conditions of economic transformation, the task of innovative development of the economy of the Russian Federation is the use of advanced technologies in the development of high-tech industries. Russia’s entry into the top five world economies will be facilitated by its breakthrough into new areas of knowledge and technology, accelerating the processes of the country’s integration into the world economy. In the search for a solution to this problem, it is necessary to consider the latest trends in the development of the world economy, which are manifested in the context of globalization and the transformation of knowledge into a leading factor in economic growth. These trends include the formation and development of an innovative economy of a new type based on the transformation of the knowledge-intensive sector. As part of ensuring this ambitious goal, it is required to build a new innovative infrastructure that can integrate the interests of science, education, government and business, create high-tech industries and integrate into the knowledge-intensive sector, which, in turn, will ensure the accelerated innovative development of the economic system. A knowledge-based economy is a qualitatively new economic system in which production processes, organizational forms of enterprises and economic ties between them, the economic mechanism and property relations are largely transformed under the influence of technological factors. One of the strategic directions of Russia’s economic development is modern science, innovative education and a complex of high-tech industries. This study is based on the fact that in Russia there is a change in the nature of technological and innovative development, considering competitive advantages. In this regard, the most important task of the modern period of the formation of an innovative economy of a new type is the need to search for new drivers to realize the possibility of the country’s entry into the top five developed countries of the world by 2024. The relevance of this study is due to new approaches to innovative development in the context of the transformation of the knowledge-intensive sector, which is formed in partnership between the state and business.

DEFINITION OF THE RATIONAL CONFORMITY OF THE OFFICIAL COMPOSITION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE FOR THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ARMY OF STATES - NATO MEMBERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
І. Кrasota ◽  
V. Skorik
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Junior Officers ◽  
The World ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defense Reform

The article provides a comparative analysis of the experience of the armies of the developed countries of the world, first of all the NATO member states and the Armed Forces of Ukraine in determining the ratio of officers. The scientific task of establishing a rational balance of officers' composition is one of the key tasks of the defense reform in Ukraine on personnel management. The Matrix's achievement of the strategic objectives and the fulfillment of the main objectives of the defense reform in the Strategic Defense Bulletin of Ukraine determined the goal of achieving a more rational ratio of the categories of personnel of the defense forces, including the ratio of the officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In 2002-2004 and 2016, for the optimization of the ratio of the officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, an analysis was made of the existing correlation between the categories of officers in the armies of the leading countries of the world, including the armed forces of the NATO member states. According to the results of the conducted research, it was proposed to have the following ratios of the officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine: officers - about 25% of the total number of servicemen, senior and senior officers - about 40%, junior officers - about 60% of the total number of officers, of them : generals - 0,4%; colonels - 5%; Lieutenant Colonels - 14.6%; Majors - 20%; captains - 25%, senior lieutenants, lieutenants - 35% of the regular number of military officers by military rank. Bringing the rational balance of senior and junior officers in the Armed Forces of Ukraine should be conducted in a balanced manner to the state of security environment and needs of the state's defense, taking into account the financial and economic capabilities of the state, the long-term nature of the military threat posed by the Russian Federation, taken on the strategic course of Ukraine towards integration with the European Union and formation of conditions for joining NATO.

scholarly journals Army And Military Education In The Republic Of Bukhara (1920-1924)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (09) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Author(s):  
Rozimova Yorqinoy Yuldashevna
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Military Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Military ◽  
Rich History

The Republic of Uzbekistan has a rich history. The contribution of our brave and courageous ancestors in the military sphere is significant in achieving the level of the most important partner of the state and the army in all spheres, as well as strengthening equal diplomatic and political relations with the developed countries of the world. Therefore, this article provides information on the development of the army and military education in the Republic of Bukhara in 1920-1924.

WTO SUCCESSOR TO GATT

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Arif Sultan
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

Within a short span of time a number of economic blocs have emergedon the world horizon. In this race, all countriedeveloped, developingand underdeveloped-are included. Members of the North America FreeTrade Agreement (NAITA) and the European Economic Community(EEC) are primarily of the developed countries, while the EconomicCooperation Organization (ECO) and the Association of South EastAsian Nations (ASEAN) are of the developing and underdevelopedAsian countries.The developed countries are scrambling to create hegemonies throughthe General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). In these circumstances,economic cooperation among Muslim countries should be onthe top of their agenda.Muslim countries today constitute about one-third of the membershipof the United Nations. There are around 56 independentMuslim states with a population of around 800 million coveringabout 20 percent of the land area of the world. Stretchingbetween Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, the Muslim Worldstraddles from North Africa to Indonesia, in two major Islamicblocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africa to Indonesia,in two major blocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africaand Asia and a smaller group in South and Southeast Asia.'GATT is a multilateral agreement on tariffs and trade establishing thecode of rules, regulations, and modalities regulating and operating internationaltrade. It also serves as a forum for discussions and negotiations ...

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