“Dirty Work” in the Context of COVID-19: Sex Workers’ Adaptation in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-301
Author(s):  
Chien-Chun Tzeng ◽  
Fabien Ohl
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Dirty Work ◽  
Negative Impacts

The COVID-19 pandemic primarily affects people in precarious conditions, and sex workers are in a vulnerable position because their occupation is usually considered “dirty work.” Examining the cases in Taiwan, we find that contrary to general imagination, sex workers managed to make their living not only by diversifying their economic activities but also by reorganizing their core services—sex. Moreover, they were able to adapt their relations with peers and clients and gained social capital that empowered them to alleviate negative impacts brought by the pandemic.

Owners, creditors and traders: Women in late colonial Calcutta

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-456
Author(s):  
Ishita Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
The One

This article tries to reconstruct the world of the property-owning, mortgage-holding and money-lending women in late colonial Bengal and especially in Calcutta, the commercial capital of British India until the First World War. It argues that as all poor women occupying the urban space were not either sex workers or domestic servants, similarly all middle-class women in colonial Calcutta were not dependent housewives, teachers and doctors. At least a section of them engaged in other gainful economic activities. However, existing scholarship sheds very little light on those women who chose other means of survival than the bhadramahila: those who bought and sold houses, lent money for interest, acquired mortgages, speculated in jute trade and even managed indigenous banking business. Evidence of court records suggests that they, along with the lady teacher, the lady doctor, the midwife and the social worker or later members of political organisations, could be found in considerable numbers in late colonial Calcutta. Due to the enactment of stringent laws to control moneylending, on the one hand, and the commercial decline of Calcutta, on the other hand, these women were possibly driven out of the shrinking market of the 1940s and 1950s.

scholarly journals A Framework for Property Developers to Survive in a Recession

10.29007/cfr2 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zunoon Parambath ◽  
Nilupa Udawatta
Keyword(s):  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Property Developers

Recession is considered as a major threat to the economy as it slows down economic activities. The property development sector is extremely responsive to these economic conditions. Thus, it is crucial to understand causes, effects and strategies for property developers to survive in a recession without any ill effects. Thus, this research aimed to develop a framework for property developers to identify appropriate survival strategies in recession. A comprehensive literature review was conducted in this research to achieve the above mentioned aim. The results of this study indicated that recession prompts negative impacts on property development sector resulting in unemployment, lower demand, production and revenue, decline in resources and high level of competition. According to the results, the survival strategies were classified into short-term and long-term strategies. The short term strategies include: implementing management tactics, cut down of operating costs, keeping financing lines set up, timely repayment of debts, setting vital new objectives for the future, undertaking shorter time span developments, specialisation in favoured market, renegotiating deals and contracts. The long-term strategies include retrenchment, restructuring, investment and ambidextrous strategies. Similarly, attention should be paid to predict any changes in the economic environment that can influence property development activities and it is necessary to carefully evaluate investment activities to increase sales, profits and market shares of property developers. Preparing for a crisis is doubtlessly the ideal approach as it can facilitate both survival and growth. Thus, the property developers can implement these suggested strategies in their businesses to enhance their practices.

scholarly journals Determining social capital by social accounting

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Although social capital has been often debated in the last 20 years, there is a widely accepted definition missing and the approaches to measuring its size are not very well-developed. Therefore, the definitions of social capital are stated and analysed, whether they are appropriately designed also for measurement purposes. We end up with a division between capital consisting of real capital as fixed and working capital and financial capital on the one hand, and capitals, which are referring to human capital and social capital in a narrow sense on the other hand. The last two are named here as social capital. The stock of the first kind of capital can be expressed as net capital when the liabilities are deducted is booked to the final social balance, as well as the remainder of the stock accounts. The stock of the second one can be identified as social assets reduced by social liabilities. Non-commercial values of economic activities are gathered in social accounting. With social accounting there are several approaches, however most of them are not developed to such an extent that the social capital can be determined through an adequate ex-post analysis. A welfare economic oriented approach comprising a bookkeeping system helps to determine social capital. Based on the willingness to pay approach a commercial bookkeeping system and an additional social bookkeeping were designed where the respective “private” and additional social capital were verified. Both together show the total social capital related to an economic subject. The result is illustrated by such a social accounting for the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration of the University of Tartu for 2006. The author discusses the limits and possibilities of this kind of social capital determination.

scholarly journals Socio-economic impacts of migration on Tho Chu island commune, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 6187-6193
Author(s):  
Huong Le ◽  
Hoang Phi ◽  
Luu Dao ◽  
Yen Nguyen ◽  
Lien Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Labor Structure ◽  
Depth Interviews

Population arrangement to islands for settlement is one of the important policies in many ways of each nation. This study was conducted to provide an understanding of the current situation and impacts of the migration to Tho Chu Island, Phu Quoc District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. In-depth interviews and survey questions were used to collect preliminary data on displaced people, insular living conditions, positive and negative impacts of the migration process on the socio-economic development on the island. They are also supplemented by secondary data which were collected from various sources in research process. The study shows that the migration to the island not only helps to supplement the labor force for the island, contributes to economic and labor structure restructuring on the island but also contributes to diversifying island economic activities and expand the space, enrich the cultural life of the island. However, the process of migration to the island also poses a number of problems for the people and the government on the island.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2000 TENTANG PEMBERANTASAN PELACURAN DI DESA SANUR KAUH DENPASAR SELATAN

GANEC SWARA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
I MADE RAHMAWAN ADITYA WISMARA ◽  
ANAK AGUNG PUTU WIWIK SUGIANTARI ◽  
LIS JULIANTI
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Study Data ◽  
City Government ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Government Work ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of regional regulation number 2 of year 2000 regarding prostitution in the village of Sanur Kauh and to find out the obstacles faced in terms of eradicating commercial sex workers in the village of Sanur Kauh. In this study data analysis is not offside the scope of the sample. This research is deductive, based on theories or general concepts. Descriptive approach is intended to describe the phenomena that exist, both natural phenomena and man-made phenomena. Social facts will be obtained from a breakdown of the activities, behavior, actions of people as well as the overall possibility of interpersonal interaction, then presented to others more clearly about what is obtained from the field. The Village Government took persuasive action, approached community leaders in the Sanur Kauh Village, so that they can help the village government to disseminate the negative impacts of prostitution. Then the City Government and Village Government work together to eradicate the practice of prostitution.

The effects of social capital on knowledge heterogeneity

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Sheng Tsai ◽  
I-Chieh Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epistemological Dimension

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influences of social capital on knowledge heterogeneity in order to advance the understanding of the effects and to reconcile existing inconsistent findings. Design/methodology/approach Survey data collected from 105 new product development (NPD) projects were analyzed with regression-based methods. Findings The results indicated that trust, centralization and shared vision as the three social capital dimensions generally have negative impacts on the domain and presentation dimensions of knowledge heterogeneity. However, the three dimensions of social capital do not exhibit consistent influences on the tacitness heterogeneity (i.e. an epistemological dimension of knowledge heterogeneity). Research limitations/implications More research is needed to explore the role of social capital dimensions in developing a range of knowledge attributes of NPD teams, among which knowledge heterogeneity is one. The various dimensions of knowledge an NPD team possesses should have performance implications and deserve future investigation. Originality/value The study is one of the first documented attempts to demonstrate contingencies in the relationship between social capital and knowledge heterogeneity. The effect of social capital on knowledge heterogeneity should be understood at the level of dimensions of the two respective constructs.

Social Capital in the Latvian Transition: Trust and Other Managerial Values

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundar J. King ◽  
J. Thad Barnowe
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Managerial Values

Values play an important role in any culture, shaping attitudes and aspirations, and supporting economic activities. They are widely acknowledged to be defining elements of business culture for managers and workers alike, despite difficulties in tracing the exact linkages they have with behaviors and events (Connor and Becker 1994). They impact individuals’ ability to make critical adjustments under conditions of accelerating technological change and unprecedented expansion of information transfer (Rothschild 1992). They also are thought to affect how well technological changes and economic activity are integrated with dominant social-political structures, helping to make public policy harmonious with frames of reference individuals hold, and lending meaning to appeals for courses of action (Buchholtz 1986).

scholarly journals Social Capital and HIV Testing Uptake among Indirect Female Sex Workers in Bali, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra ◽  
Pande Putu Januraga
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Testing Uptake

Indirect female sex workers (FSWs), a type of FSW working under the cover of entertainment enterprises (e.g., karaoke lounge, bar, etc.), remain as an important key population for HIV transmission, signaling the need of appropriate interventions targeting HIV-related behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the association between social capital and HIV testing uptake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 indirect FSWs in Denpasar, Bali. The dependent variable was HIV testing uptake in the last six months preceding the survey. The main independent variables were social capital constructs: social cohesion (perceived peer support and trust) and social participation. Variables of socio-demographic characteristics were controlled in this study to adjust the influence of social capital. Binary logistic regression was performed. The prevalence of HIV testing in the last six months was 72.50%. The multivariate analysis showed that only peer support from the social capital constructs was associated with HIV testing uptake. Indirect FSWs who perceived a high level of support within FSWs networks were 2.98-times (95% CI = 1.43–6.24) more likely to report for HIV testing. Meanwhile, perceived trust and social participation did not show significant associations in relation to HIV testing uptake. As social cohesion (support) within FSWs’ relationships can play an important role in HIV testing uptake, existing HIV prevention programs should consider support enhancement to develop a sense of belonging and solidarity.

scholarly journals Social Capital Moderates the Relationship Between Stigma and Sexual Risk Among Male Sex Workers in the US Northeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo K. Valente ◽  
Matthew J. Mimiaga ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
Steve A. Safren ◽  
Katie B. Biello
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Male Sex Workers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Northeast ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Relationship

IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOURCES GENERATING IMPACT ON THE WATER QUALITY OF THE EAST JIU BASIN

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Alexandru Simion ◽  
Maria Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Impacts

The main economic activity in the Jiu Valley is mining, which provides to the society an important content of mineral raw  materials required for the development and progress, representing  the main activity in producing the value chain. The majority of the  mining activities and other economic activities deployed along the  basin of the East Jiu generates both negative environmental impacts (more or less serious) and positive impacts such as those  related to employment, staff training, creating infrastructures etc. In  the most cases, the negative impacts of the human activities can  be much improved up to a point or even eliminated through the  remedial measures, particularly through environmental rehabilitation of the affected areas. But if a watercourse is strongly  affected by sediments generated by the human activity still on the  top side, the pollution will be  intensifed much more on the bottom  side with signifiant changes on the aquatic ecosystems and with an  impossibility of consumption and the use of the water resources by  the riparian population. The main objective of this paper consists of the identification and the description of all human activities  presented along the East Jiu and the analayses of the negative  influence exerted on the river water quality. To compare the water  quality of the East Jiu and monitoring its variations in time, it was  used the method water quality index (WQI), having the straight  purpose of aggregating individual indicators (expressed in physical units) in a unique water quality index.

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