The Rhythms of Drinking in a Peruvian Coastal Mestizo Community

1971 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Near Future

A result of field research in Virú, Peru in 1947-48 and in 1960, this paper describes traditional drinking patterns in a peasant village. The primary beverage in Virú is chicha, made from maize. A nineteenth-century recipe and present methods of manufacture are compared. Holmberg describes daily drinking patterns, drinking at annual religious festivals, and patterns of alcohol use at the ritual celebration of life cycle events. Consumption of chicha during the day is seen as an alternative to drinking the unhealthful local water, while ceremonial drinking serves functions of social integration. Traditional patterns of drinking are such an integral part of the value structure of Virú that they are not likely to change in the near future.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Drinking Patterns, Alcohol Use and Related Medical Morbidities in a Secondary Versus Tertiary Setting

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
A Risal ◽  
H Tharoor
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
Level Hospital

Background Alcohol Dependence exists in different spectrums at different settings and associated with various medical morbidities, disability and health care utilization costs. Objectives To study the drinking patterns, alcohol use disorders and alcohol related medical morbidities in patients diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) and attending out / in-patient psychiatry services at secondary and tertiary care centre. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study was done among the patients diagnosed with ADS attending psychiatry services at District hospital, Udupi and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Serial sampling was done. Patients having any other psychiatric illnesses were excluded. The two groups were compared in relation to socio-demographic variables, drinking related variables, patterns of drinking and alcohol related medical morbidities identified. Results Significant differences in some socio-demographic parameters among the patients from the two different treatment centers were found with secondary level hospital (N=50) having more illiterate, laborers and below the poverty line population in comparison to the tertiary level hospital (N=75). Maximum frequency of gastro-intestinal morbidities was seen in both the hospital population, irrespective of the patterns of drinking. Conclusion Alcohol use disorders and alcohol related medical morbidities show some variations in their presentations in the different treatment centers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12492 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 152-157

Alcohol use disorders among Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-319
Author(s):  
Deivi Gaitan ◽  
Valerie Daw Tin Shwe ◽  
Predrag Bajcevic ◽  
Anita Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Male Migrant ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) among Myanmar male migrant workers (> 15 years) living in Mae Sot, Thailand, and their patterns of drinking. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was administered to 512 participants to measure AUDs and drinking patterns. ANOVA and χ2 analyses were performed to assess demographic differences between abstainers, harmful and hazardous drinkers (HHDs) (those showing signs of AUDs) and non-harmful drinkers. Findings Results showed that 12.3 percent of male Myanmar migrants were HHDs, a rate only slightly higher than in Thai men (9.1 percent), but much higher than in men still living in Myanmar (2.7 percent) (WHO, 2014). Also, 19 percent of alcohol-consuming Myanmar male migrant workers reported patterns of heavy episodic drinking, which is markedly higher than in alcohol-consuming Thai (4.7 percent) and Myanmar men (1.5 percent) (WHO, 2014). Originality/value Given the health risks associated with AUDs and heavy episodic drinking, the findings of this study suggest a need for appropriate alcohol-related health education and intervention for Myanmar male migrant workers.

scholarly journals A review of factors associated with patterns of drinking during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Mark McKeague ◽  
Sam Norton ◽  
Martha Canfield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
In Pregnancy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify factors associated with drinking patterns during pregnancy. Design/methodology/approach A rapid evidence assessment was undertaken, scanning multiple databases for studies examining factors associated with alcohol consumption in pregnancy. Studies were included if they stratified data according to quantity of alcohol consumed and identified relevant associated factors. Drinking patterns were classified as light/moderate and heavy/binge. Findings In total, 15 studies were included (N=7 light/moderate; N=15 heavy/binge drinking). Factors associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy included: smoking, age, SES, marital status, pre-pregnancy substance use and parity. While few studies reported an association between heavy/binge drinking and maternal mental health, none of the studies included explored the association between mental health and light/moderate drinking. Research limitations/implications Relatively few studies have looked at the association between psychological characteristics of women and their drinking patterns. There is a lack of articles examining light/moderate drinking in pregnancy compared to heavy/binge drinking. Moreover, there is marked variation in how alcohol use is measured. Further studies are needed to increase understanding of the association between psychological factors and patterns of drinking during pregnancy, and how health professionals might support women in this context. Originality/value The authors expand on previous work by examining two different patterns of alcohol consumption in pregnancy, rather than alcohol use simply as an isolated concept. The two groups were found to differ in a number of demographic and social factors. This information could be used to aid healthcare professionals in targeting specific interventions to those women most at risk.

scholarly journals ECO-DESIGN ACTIONS TO IMPROVE LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF FACE MASKS IN THE PANDEMIC ERA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1333-1342
Author(s):  
Núria Boix Rodríguez ◽  
Marco Marconi ◽  
Claudio Favi ◽  
Giovanni Formentini
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Near Future

AbstractFace masks are currently considered essential devices that people must wear today and in the near future, until the COVID-19 pandemic will be completely defeated through specific medicines and vaccines. Such devices are generally made of thermoplastic polymers, as polypropylene and polyethylene and are single use products. Even if in this period the sanitary emergency must have the maximum priority, the world society should not completely forget the environmental problem that are causing more and more obvious climate changes with correlated damages to ecosystems and human health. Despite the well-known correlation among anti-COVID protective equipment (or more generally medical devices) and environmental issues, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and eco-design-based studies in this field is very scarce. The present study aims to derive the most important environmental criticalities of such products, by using LCA and product circularity indicators of five different common masks. The final aim is to provide eco-design guidelines, useful to design new face masks by preventing negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Alcohol and Tobacco Use in a Tuberculosis Treatment Cohort during South Africa’s COVID-19 Sales Bans: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5449
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Myers ◽  
Tara Carney ◽  
Jennifer Rooney ◽  
Samantha Malatesta ◽  
Laura F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
Tobacco Ban ◽  
Drinking Occasion

Background: South Africa temporarily banned alcohol and tobacco sales for about 20 weeks during the COVID-19 lockdown. We described changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption after implementation of these restrictions among a small number of participants in a tuberculosis treatment cohort. Method: The timeline follow-back procedure and Fägerstrom test for nicotine dependence was used to collect monthly alcohol and tobacco use information. We report changes in heavy drinking days (HDD), average amount of absolute alcohol (AA) consumed per drinking day, and cigarettes smoked daily during the alcohol and tobacco ban compared to use prior to the ban. Results: Of the 61 participants for whom we have pre-ban and within-ban alcohol use information, 17 (27.9%) reported within-ban alcohol use. On average, participants reported one less HDD per fortnight (interquartile range (IQR): −4, 1), but their amount of AA consumed increased by 37.4 g per drinking occasion (IQR: −65.9 g, 71.0 g). Of 53 participants who reported pre-ban tobacco use, 17 (32.1%) stopped smoking during the ban. The number of participants smoking >10 cigarettes per day decreased from 8 to 1. Conclusions: From these observations, we hypothesize that policies restricting alcohol and tobacco availability seem to enable some individuals to reduce their consumption. However, these appear to have little effect on the volume of AA consumed among individuals with more harmful patterns of drinking in the absence of additional behavior change interventions.

scholarly journals Increases in Risky Drinking During the COVID-19 Pandemic Assessed via Longitudinal Cohort Design: Associations With Racial Tensions, Financial Distress, Psychological Distress and Virus-Related Fears

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V Lechner ◽  
Natasha K Sidhu ◽  
Jackson T Jin ◽  
Ahmad A Kittaneh ◽  
Kimberly R Laurene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has created disruptions to daily life resulting in wide-spread unemployment and psychological distress. Recent studies have reported high rates of alcohol use during this time; however, longitudinal data remain scarce and factors associated with increases in high-risk drinking observed over time are unknown. Aims The current study examined changes in high-risk drinking patterns across four 7-day observation periods, prior to and following a university wide campus closure. Additionally, factors associated with changes in alcohol use patterns were examined including financial distress, psychological distress, impact of racial tensions and virus-related fears. Method Students (N = 1001) in the Midwestern USA completed repeated assessments between March and June 2020. Each survey included a timeline follow-back measure of alcohol use. Pandemic-related distress spanning several factors was assessed at the final follow-up. Results Risky drinking patterns increased significantly over time. Overall, psychological distress and impact of racial tensions were associated with higher rates of risky drinking, whereas COVID-19-related fears were associated with lower rates. However, only financial-related distress was associated with an increase in risky drinking patterns over time. Conclusions Increased risky drinking patterns observed in the current study may signal problems that are likely to persist even after the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily life ends. Individuals experiencing financial distress may represent a particularly high-risk group. Interventions targeting the cross-section of job loss, financial stress and problematic alcohol use will be important to identify.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption at Any Level Increases Risk of Injury Caused by Others: Data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. SART.S23549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Clausen ◽  
Priscilla Martinez ◽  
Andy Towers ◽  
Thomas Greenfield ◽  
Paul Kowal
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Alcohol Drinking Patterns ◽  
Global Ageing

Background Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for injury. However, information is needed about alcohol drinking patterns and the risk of injury among older adults in low- and middle-income countries as this population grows. We aimed to examine the influence of drinking patterns on the burden of injury and investigate factors associated with different types of injury in older populations in six emerging economies. Methods Data from more than 37,0 adults aged 50 years and older were included from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 conducted in six emerging economies, namely, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. We investigated past-year reported injuries from falls, traffic accidents, and being hit or stabbed. Alcohol drinking patterns were measured as lifetime abstinence, ever but not past- week use, and gender-specific past-week low-risk and high-risk use. We stratified by gender and used logistic regression models to observe the association between alcohol drinking pattern and risk of injury by controlling for other factors. Results During the year prior to interview, 627 (2.2%) subjects reported bodily injury resulting from a car accident, 1,156 (4.2%) from a fall, and 339 (.9%) from being hit or stabbed during the past year. For women, only being a high-risk drinker increased the risk of being hit or stabbed, whereas for men, all levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of being hit or stabbed. We observed a higher risk of being hit or stabbed from past-week high-risk drinking among women (odds ratio [OR] = 6.09, P < 0.01) than among men (OR = 3.57, P < 0.01). We observed no association between alcohol drinking pattern and injury due to car accidents for either women or men. Conclusions The risk of experiencing injury due to violence increased with level of alcohol exposure of the victim. The increase in alcohol use in emerging economies calls for further study into the consequences of alcohol use and for public health initiatives to reduce the risk of violence in older adult populations, with special attention to the experience of older adult women.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Profiles And Psychiatric Comorbidities Among Patients With Alcohol Dependence In Western Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
M. Belbase ◽  
R.K. Jalan ◽  
J. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Alcohol is a potent drug that causes acute and chronic changes in almost all neurochemical systems and heavy drinking can produce serious temporary psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety and psychoses. Alcoholism is clinically heterogenous disorder with variable age of onset, drinking patterns, severity and comorbidity with other mental disorders. There is a gender difference in many aspect of alcohol use. The aim of the study was to study the sociodemographic profile, severity, gender difference and psychiatric comorbidities in patient with alcohol dependence syndrome in Nepalese population. Material And Method: This is a hospital based study done in patients coming to Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur over a period of one year from June 2019 to May 2020 on consecutive serial basis. Diagnosis of alcohol dependence was made based on International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) criteria. Semi structured proforma and Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) was applied in those patients and recorded accordingly. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Out of 40 patients studied (N-40), 37 (92.5 %) were male and 3 (7.5 %) were female. Alcohol dependence is most common in the age bracket of 30-39 (43.1%) followed by 40-49 (33.4 %) with mean age of 40.3 years and the mean age of duration of alcohol use being 13.45 years. The mean amount of alcohol consumed per day is 92.25 grams. The SADQ scores, age of first alcohol use, duration of alcohol use in years and daily amount of alcohol use in grams is significantly different between male and female. Similarly there is severe alcohol dependence in 75 % while moderate level in 25 % of study population. Regarding psychiatric comorbidities, 90 % have comorbid other substance use disorder followed by anxiety disorders in 37.5 %, personality disorders in 35 %, mood disorders in 32.5 %, deliberate self harm in 30 % and psychotic disorders in 12.5 %. Conclusion: Alcohol dependence is most commonly found in young and adults of various age group. Age of first alcohol use, duration of alcohol use in years and daily amount of alcohol use in grams is significantly different between male and female. Alcohol dependence is comorbid with multiple psychiatric entities.  

scholarly journals Research on Mid-term Review System of PPP Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 04023
Author(s):  
Jinchan Liu ◽  
Yubo Guo ◽  
Chuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Review System ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Rural Water

The mid-term review is a necessary window for the PPP project to move forward objectively, and it is also a tool to adjust the expected goals of all parties to the project. This paper built a mid-term review system for PPP projects based on the whole-of-life cycle, studied the objectives, content and evaluation procedures of the mid-term review of PPP projects, and took the urban and rural water supply and drainage integrated PPP project in Mianzhu city, Sichuan Province as the case for field research and interviews, to verify the feasibility of the review system. The research results have a certain guiding role for the mid-term review of PPP projects.

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