scholarly journals Sociodemographic Profiles And Psychiatric Comorbidities Among Patients With Alcohol Dependence In Western Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
M. Belbase ◽  
R.K. Jalan ◽  
J. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Alcohol is a potent drug that causes acute and chronic changes in almost all neurochemical systems and heavy drinking can produce serious temporary psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety and psychoses. Alcoholism is clinically heterogenous disorder with variable age of onset, drinking patterns, severity and comorbidity with other mental disorders. There is a gender difference in many aspect of alcohol use. The aim of the study was to study the sociodemographic profile, severity, gender difference and psychiatric comorbidities in patient with alcohol dependence syndrome in Nepalese population. Material And Method: This is a hospital based study done in patients coming to Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur over a period of one year from June 2019 to May 2020 on consecutive serial basis. Diagnosis of alcohol dependence was made based on International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) criteria. Semi structured proforma and Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) was applied in those patients and recorded accordingly. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Out of 40 patients studied (N-40), 37 (92.5 %) were male and 3 (7.5 %) were female. Alcohol dependence is most common in the age bracket of 30-39 (43.1%) followed by 40-49 (33.4 %) with mean age of 40.3 years and the mean age of duration of alcohol use being 13.45 years. The mean amount of alcohol consumed per day is 92.25 grams. The SADQ scores, age of first alcohol use, duration of alcohol use in years and daily amount of alcohol use in grams is significantly different between male and female. Similarly there is severe alcohol dependence in 75 % while moderate level in 25 % of study population. Regarding psychiatric comorbidities, 90 % have comorbid other substance use disorder followed by anxiety disorders in 37.5 %, personality disorders in 35 %, mood disorders in 32.5 %, deliberate self harm in 30 % and psychotic disorders in 12.5 %. Conclusion: Alcohol dependence is most commonly found in young and adults of various age group. Age of first alcohol use, duration of alcohol use in years and daily amount of alcohol use in grams is significantly different between male and female. Alcohol dependence is comorbid with multiple psychiatric entities.  

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Drinking Patterns, Alcohol Use and Related Medical Morbidities in a Secondary Versus Tertiary Setting

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
A Risal ◽  
H Tharoor
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
Level Hospital

Background Alcohol Dependence exists in different spectrums at different settings and associated with various medical morbidities, disability and health care utilization costs. Objectives To study the drinking patterns, alcohol use disorders and alcohol related medical morbidities in patients diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) and attending out / in-patient psychiatry services at secondary and tertiary care centre. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study was done among the patients diagnosed with ADS attending psychiatry services at District hospital, Udupi and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Serial sampling was done. Patients having any other psychiatric illnesses were excluded. The two groups were compared in relation to socio-demographic variables, drinking related variables, patterns of drinking and alcohol related medical morbidities identified. Results Significant differences in some socio-demographic parameters among the patients from the two different treatment centers were found with secondary level hospital (N=50) having more illiterate, laborers and below the poverty line population in comparison to the tertiary level hospital (N=75). Maximum frequency of gastro-intestinal morbidities was seen in both the hospital population, irrespective of the patterns of drinking. Conclusion Alcohol use disorders and alcohol related medical morbidities show some variations in their presentations in the different treatment centers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12492 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 152-157

scholarly journals Lipid profile in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Mithileshwer Raut ◽  
Prashant Regmi ◽  
Saroj Prasad Ojha ◽  
Bharat Jha
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) has become a global public health challenge because of its high prevalence and the concomitant increase in risk of liver disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Influence of alcohol use on lipid metabolism is well recognized. Investigations had been carried out in the earlier period on abnormal lipid profile as a risk factor for Coronary Heart disease (CHD). Patients of alcohol dependence usually have a consumption pattern of more heavy use. Therefore it is useful to study the lipid profile in patients of alcohol dependence, to understand the effects of increasing levels of consumption. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in TU Teaching Hospital. ADS patients were screened by the consultant psychiatrist using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire. A total of 89 patients scored positive on the AUDIT as having alcohol-related problems and were included in the study. 89 ADS patients and 89 healthy controls both male and female were enrolled as participants. Blood Pressure and other anthropometric parameters were measured while fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum lipid profile. SPSS program was used to analyze data, t-test & Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to find correlation. RESULTS: Among the ADS cases 95% were current smokers. Mean age of cases and controls was 35.42±5.6 & 34.53±3.5 years respectively. The mean total cholesterol levels were found to be higher in cases (5.41±0.70) than controls (3.79±0.74) with a strong statistical significance (p<0.001). Also, Mean triglyceride (TG) levels (2.09±0.72), along with the mean HDL-cholesterol (1.66±0.40) and LDL-cholesterol levels (2.79±0.81) were also elevated in cases when compared to the control samples (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated definitive lipid profile changes in patients of alcohol dependence, with some correlation to the liver dysfunction. Alcohol causes alteration in various parameters of lipid metabolism including those which predispose to CHD. Low to moderate alcohol use over prolonged periods has been linked to have protective influence for development of coronary heart disease (CHD), through increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/acclm.v1i1.12312 Ann. Clin. Chem. & Lab. Med. 1(1) 2015: 29-32

scholarly journals Exam anxiety in college students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Pagaria
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exam Anxiety

Test anxiety is a psychological condition in which individuals experience outrageous distress and anxiety in testing circumstances. It is a form of performance anxiety. Fear of exams influence the academic performance of students in the exam. It is an irrational distress that can also lead to avoidance of the feared situation. The objective was to study the level of test anxiety in college students and observe the gender difference in test anxiety. Using purposive sampling, the sample size consisted of 120 undergraduate students (Male = 60, Female = 60). The instrument used for the study was Westside Test Anxiety Scale. The mean score and standard deviation of test anxiety are 28.18and 7.65 respectively. The t-test was conducted to observe the gender difference in test anxiety. The results came out to be that there is a significance difference between male and female college students on test anxiety.

scholarly journals Estimating need for alcohol treatment in Ireland using national treatment surveillance data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Carew ◽  
Derek O’Neill ◽  
Suzi Lyons ◽  
Bobby P. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Treatment ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Problem Alcohol Use ◽  
Treatment Entry

Abstract Background International evidence indicates that about 10% of people with alcohol dependence will seek and commence treatment each year. Based upon Irish estimates of prevalence of dependence, a target of 690.0 treated cases per 100,000 population per annum is expected. Aims This study analyses routine national surveillance data on alcohol treatment to measure how treatment need is being met. Methods National treatment surveillance data on problem alcohol use collected by the National Drug Treatment Reporting System (NDTRS) were analysed. The study included cases resident in Ireland, aged 18–64 years entering treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) between 2015 and 2019 (n = 44,079). Treatment rates were calculated per 100,000 of the population. Descriptive and exploratory statistics were used to describe characteristics of cases treated. Results National rate of treated AUD was 270 cases per 100,000 annually, with a rate of treated alcohol dependence of 165/100,000. There was a fivefold difference between the lowest and highest rates (119 cases per 100,000 in Meath versus 633 in Waterford). Drinking patterns indicate high levels of alcohol consumption and prolonged use prior to treatment. The use of other drugs alongside alcohol was common. Conclusions Despite high rates of alcohol consumption and dependence, the rate of treatment entry nationally is sub-optimal, although there are wide geographic variations. There is a need to better understand the reasons for low treatment entry rates in Ireland for people with alcohol dependence. Monitoring and surveillance play a key role in measuring the successful efforts to reduce the harm of alcohol.

scholarly journals Transitions in alcohol use over time: a survival analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura B. Koenig ◽  
Jon Randolph Haber ◽  
Theodore Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The current study examined the predictors of the onset of alcohol use as well as predictors of remission and relapse, both from heavy drinking and from alcohol dependence. Similarities and differences in both clinical and psychosocial predictors across the transitions were examined. Methods A sample of men from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (N = 1769) completed an assessment of lifetime drinking history, which allowed age markers for starting and stopping different drinking patterns. The men also completed various assessments regarding personality, alcohol motives, and psychiatric diagnoses. Survival analyses were used to examine the predictors of the three transitions of onset, remission, and relapse for the phenotypes of heavy drinking and of alcohol dependence, censoring the individuals who had not yet experienced an event. Results As expected, predictors of onset for drinking, heavy drinking, and alcohol dependence were largely consistent and included externalizing symptomology, nicotine dependence, and cotwin history of drinking as risk factors. Predictors of remission from heavy drinking, somewhat similarly to remission from alcohol dependence, included the risk factor of externalizing disorders but also, as predicted, included more risk and protective factors in the psychosocial realm that were not predictors of onset. Contrary to our prediction, relapse to heavy drinking and alcohol dependence were predicted largely by unique psychosocial risk and protective factors including social and coping motives. Conclusion Current findings extend the findings of past research to remission and relapse in the later decades of life and have implications for treatment of alcohol use problems.

scholarly journals Does Alcoholism Influence Sexual Functioning?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sharanabasavaraj Devaramani ◽  
Dr. Sunil Kumar ◽  
Dr. Pavan Kumar K
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Mean

Background: Alcohol and alcohol use disorder are known to cause sexual dysfunctions. In turn it may aggravate frequency and amount of alcohol consumed. We assessed the prevalence and the correlates of sexual dysfunction in men with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A total fifty Consecutive male subjects were selected on the 3rd day of inpatient care from general hospital psychiatry with a diagnosis of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome with Simple withdrawal Symptoms as per ICD-10 criteria. Co-morbid psychiatric diagnosis was ruled out using SCID – 1. They were assessed for sexual dysfunction using International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), a 15 item questionnaire. Data analyzed using descriptive and chi square test. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 39.26 (±8) years; The mean age of onset of drinking was 19.1(±6.2) years, and that of dependence was 24(± 6.7) years, duration of alcohol dependence was 15 (±7.7) years, with an average daily consumption of 462 (± 330) ml. Out of 50 patients, 38 (76%) reported to have one or more sexual dysfunction. Sexual desire (78.94%), low intercourse satisfaction (76.31%), followed by low overall satisfaction (57.89%), erectile dysfunction (55.26%) and orgasmic function (31.57%) were reported in that order. Co morbid nicotine dependence was found in 31(62%) of those having sexual dysfunction, and was statistically significant in those with erectile dysfunction and overall satisfaction domain with a p value less than 0.05. however other domains did not correlate. Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction is more prevalent in male patients with ADS. The prevalence of co-morbid nicotine dependence was high among patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. The findings of the current study indicate that it is necessary to routinely evaluate sexual dysfunction in patients with ADS and research should focus on the pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction among ADS.

scholarly journals Evidence of association between early alcohol use and risk of later problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Leite Vieira ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between age of onset, alcohol consumption patterns and related problems. METHOD: In 2004, one self-administered questionnaire was completed by 1,990 students from the 5th to 11th grades of schools in Paulínia-SP. Data collection was conducted at the classroom without the presence of the teacher. The participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. RESULTS: Prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 62.2%. The mean age of first use of alcohol was 12.35 (sd = 2.72) and ranged between 5 and 19 years of age. In 78% of the cases, the first use occurred before the age of 15, and more than 22% of the students reported having tried alcohol before 10 years of age. There were significant differences regarding current pattern of use: those who started earlier consumed more drinks per occasion (p = 0.013) and had more drunkenness episodes in the last 30 days (p = 0.05). A relationship between the age of first alcohol use and the use of tobacco (p = 0.017) and other drugs (p = 0.047) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents first use alcohol in early ages, what impacts the current consumption patterns. This study emphasizes the need of actions regarding public alcohol policies in Brazil in order to prevent or delay the initiation of alcohol use and its related problems.

scholarly journals We Need to Delay the Age of Onset of Alcohol Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2739
Author(s):  
Lucía Moure-Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco Caamano-Isorna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Increased Risk

In recent years, new consumption patterns, such as binge drinking, have increased among young people and have not always been recognized as problematic either by health personnel or by society in general, as they are intensive episodes, interspersed with no consumption periods. Although the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the adult population continues to be higher in men than in women, these gender differences in relation to alcohol consumption are barely observed in adolescents between 14 and 18. Therefore, we are witnessing a change in the pattern of consumption, from regular to episodic, and an attenuation of gender differences. New patterns of alcohol consumption have not only been associated with an increased risk of alcohol use disorders in adult life, but also with neurocognitive involvement in youth. Understanding the risk and resilience factors of alcoholism or problematic drinking patterns will not only allow us to identify the most vulnerable group, but also to guide prevention programs towards protective factors; the skills that contribute to the natural abandonment of the pattern. Knowing the variables involved in the trajectories of abandonment and dependency would contribute to personalizing the interventions and increasing their efficacy and success—a lower relapse rate—, reducing the economic and socio-sanitary costs associated with alcohol dependency, as well as improving the health and well-being, family relations, work and social status of alcohol-dependent people.

Gender Difference among Psychiatric Patient's Profile in Emergency Department

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S442-S442
Author(s):  
M. Gonçalves ◽  
J. Teixeira ◽  
R. Diana ◽  
a. Craveiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionOver the past 40 years, services for psychiatric patients have become increasingly deinstitutionalized, shifting away from inpatient facilities. as a result, patients seek other avenues for treatment, including outpatient facilities and community resources. Unfortunately, those resources have also become increasingly constrained by widespread budget cuts, leaving patients with the health care system's last remaining safety net—the emergency department (ED).Because EDs are seeing increasing numbers of patients, hospital administrators have recognized the importance of improving throughput and the quality of care delivered in EDs.The aim of this report is to investigate the gender difference among patient's profile in psychiatric emergency room, assessing the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, reasons for attendance and practices.MethodsRetrospective and observational study, conducted at Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, during a three month period. Statistical analysis of data with “SPSS 21”.ResultsDuring the three months period, a total of 2309 patients were admitted in Psychiatric ED, 1485 female and 824 male.Regarding clinical data, the authors are expecting to find different psychopathology among male and female, as well as psychiatric comorbidities, diagnoses after discharge, treatment conducts, social support and different rates of psychiatric comorbidities.ConclusionsFactors such as patient's vulnerability, defined by socio-demographic elements, characteristic as the type and severity of their mental illness, social support, treatment adherence, with significant implications of prognosis, costs and care. The conducted study enabled us to outline a profile of male and female psychiatric patients in ED.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Pattern of Alcohol Use and its Effects in Relation to the Age of Initiation of Alcohol Use among the Residents of Jhaukhel Area of Bhaktapur District

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Soman Gurung ◽  
Ravi Kant Gupta ◽  
Vinutha Silvanus
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Drinking Age

Over the past few decades, alcohol consumption has increased in quantity and frequency. Several studies have suggested that people who start drinking at younger age have an increased risk of alcohol use disorder. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of alcohol consumption in relation to the age of initiation of alcohol use among the residents of Jhaukhel area of Bhaktapur district. A cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Jhaukhel area of Bhaktapur district among the permanent residents aged 15 years and above through a purposive sampling technique using a pre tested self-constructed proforma. Assessment of alcohol use, harmful/ hazardous drinking and alcohol dependence was done using an AUDIT questionnaire as a tool. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were applied and ‘p’ value was calculated to see the association between age of onset of alcohol use and the alcohol use pattern and effects. The level of significance was set at 5%, and ‘p’ value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 190 respondents were interviewed. Mean age of the respondents was 41.25 ± 16.4 years while mean age of initiation of alcohol consumption was 20 ± 4.3 years and 31 (30.4 %) of drinkers initiated alcohol consumption before legal drinking age (18 years). This was more among males (36.5%) than females (14.3%), (p-value: 0.03, OR: 3.4, 95%CI: 1-11) Initiating alcohol consumption early in life before 18 years was strongly associated with binge drinking pattern (P value: <0.001, OR: 9.5, 95%CI: 2.7-33.3). Those who initiate drinking before 18 years were more likely to suffer from alcohol related medical problems compared to those who initiated drinking after 18 years (OR: 6.63, 95% CI: 2.3-19.3, P value: 0.001). Parental consumption of alcohol was found to be associated with the early initiation of alcohol use (OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.01-6.96, P value: 0.03). Early initiation of alcohol consumption before legal drinking age was not only a predictor for binge drinking and alcohol dependence, but also a risk factor for alcohol related medical problem, accidents and self-inflicted injuries. Hence this is a serious issue which needs to be addressed at the individual, family as well as community level.

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