scholarly journals Building Negotiated Agreement: The Emergence of Community-Based Tourism in Floreana (Galápagos Islands)

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Ruiz-Ballesteros ◽  
Eduardo Brondizio
Keyword(s):  
Governance System ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development ◽  
Development And Management

Community Based Tourism (CBT) is a polysemic term referring to local involvement in the planning, development, and management of tourism. While there is no direct correspondence between CBT and positive economic and conservation outcomes, CBT is a frame widely used to reconcile tourism development with social-environmental goals. Building upon the case of the island community of Floreana, within the Galápagos National Park (GNP) in Ecuador (where tourism activities have introduced major environmental problems), this paper analyzes the emergence of CBT as part of multi-level processes of institutional crafting. Efforts to develop a new model of tourism management in Galápagos, strongly shaped by a particular community, offer a quasi-experimental case of rule-crafting aimed at developing a participatory, multi-level governance system. Our approach integrates ethnographic fieldwork and discourse analysis with the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to identify key elements associated with the process of implementing CBT. We discuss three points of broader relevance: the inter-dependence of regional and local levels, the importance of considering worldviews and the intended outcomes envisioned by different actors, and the importance of coherence in rule-crafting (across levels and types of rules) defining control and regulation of CBT development and of tourism operations.

‘Fiat and Forbearance’: The Challenge of Capturing Plurality and Diversity in Environmental Governance

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
A. Damodaran
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Local Commons ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
And Control

A close reading of India’s Constitution indicates that the ideals of pluralism and diversity underpin our basic approach to environmental issues. All the same, the past record of environmental governance in the country suggests that the twin ideals have not been adequately captured through appropriate policies and programmes. Part of the reason for this situation has been the predominant use of command and control instruments for realizing environmental goals. This article argues that the future of environmental governance in India lies in pursuing the principles of pluralism and diversity through balanced approaches to issues. This would imply having an open mind towards ‘command and control’ and ‘market based instruments’, pursuing economic and social development within the ambit of environmental policies, conserving the diversity of landscapes and nurturing a network of public spheres that can create plural viewpoints on environmental issues. In the light of the current environmental scenario in the country, where local commons and global commons fight for space, it is argued that an enlightened ‘fiat and forbearance regime’ that balances the ‘global’ with the ‘local’ offers the best hope for promoting plurality and diversity in environmental governance. The article unfolds the architecture of an enlightened fiat and forbearance regime for India in its local, regional, national and global dimensions. It is argued that a multi-level, multi-stakeholder governance system, if backed by certain enabling principles, can help India realize the paradigm of ‘enlightened fiat and forbearance regime’ in the realm of environment.

scholarly journals Community-based model for the delivery of antiretroviral therapy in Cambodia: a quasi-experimental study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Alvin Kuo Jing Teo ◽  
Kiesha Prem ◽  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
Chamroen Pall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Delivery

Abstract Background Multi-month dispensing (MMD) is the mainstay mechanism for clinically stable people living with HIV in Cambodia to refill antiretroviral therapy (ART) every 3-6 months. However, less frequent ART dispensing through the community-based ART delivery (CAD) model could further reduce the clients’ and health facilities’ burden. While community-based services have been recognized as an integral component of HIV response in Cambodia, their role and effectiveness in ART delivery have yet to be systematically assessed. This study aims to evaluate the CAD model’s effectiveness on the continuum of care and treatment outcomes for stable people living with HIV in Cambodia. Methods We will conduct this quasi-experimental study in 20 ART clinics across the capital city and nine provinces between May 2021 and April 2023. Study sites were purposively selected based on the availability of implementing partners, the number of people living with HIV each clinic serves, and the accessibility of the clinics. In the intervention arm, approximately 2000 stable people living with HIV will receive ART and services from the CAD model. Another 2000 stable people living with HIV in the control arm will receive MMD—a standard care model for stable people living with HIV. The primary outcomes will be retention in care, viral load suppression, and adherence to ART. The secondary endpoints will include health providers’ work burden, the model’s cost-effectiveness, quality of life, mental health, social support, stigma, and discrimination. We will compare the outcome indicators within each arm at baseline, midline, and endline using descriptive and inferential statistics. We will evaluate the differences between the intervention and control arms using the difference-in-differences method. We will perform economic evaluations to determine if the intervention is cost-effective. Discussion This study will build the evidence base for future implementation and scale-up of CAD model in Cambodia and other similar settings. Furthermore, it will strengthen engagements with community stakeholders and further improve community mobilization, a vital pillar of the Cambodian HIV response. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04766710. Registered 23 February 2021, Version 1.

Outcomes of Community-Based Youth Empowerment Programs Adopting Design Thinking: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973152110014
Author(s):  
Siu-ming To ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Creative Self ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: Using a nonrandomized control group pretest–posttest assessment, this study aimed to examine the outcomes of community-based youth empowerment initiatives that were informed by design thinking. Method: A total of 553 youth living in Hong Kong were recruited to participate in this study. Among them, 213 youth self-selected to join the experimental group, and 340 youth joined the two control groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance and post hoc group comparisons were used to examine the differences among the three groups at the posttest assessment. Results: The results indicate a positive improvement in creative self-efficacy among participants of the experimental group compared to the two control groups. Significant differences were also found between the experimental group and the second control group in terms of youth–adult partnerships and youth empowerment in the community. Conclusion: Youth empowerment programs informed by design thinking may reinforce self-efficacy beliefs by encouraging youth to bring about innovations in their community.

Effect of a Fall Prevention Program on Balance Maintenance Using a Quasi-experimental Design in Real-World Settings

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Robitaille ◽  
Michel Fournier ◽  
Sophie Laforest ◽  
Lise Gauvin ◽  
Johanne Filiatrault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Fall Prevention Program ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objectives: To examine the effect of a fall prevention program offered under real-world conditions on balance maintenance several months after the program. To explore the program’s impact on falls. Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among community-dwelling seniors, with pre- and postintervention measures of balance performance and self-reported falls. Ten community-based organizations offered the intervention (98 participants) and 7 recruited participants to the study’s control arm (102 participants). An earlier study examined balance immediately after the 12-week program. The present study focuses on the 12-month effect. Linear regression (balance) and negative binomial regression (falls) procedures were performed.falls. Results: During the 12-month study period, experimental participants improved and maintained their balance as reflected by their scores on three performance tests. There was no evidence of an effect on falls.falls. Discussion: Structured group exercise programs offered in community-based settings can maintain selected components of balance for several months after the program’s end.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Community-Based Continuous Training on Promoting Positive Behaviors towards Birth Preparedness, Male Involvement, and Maternal Services Utilization among Expecting Couples in Rukwa, Tanzania: A Theory of Planned Behavior Quasi-Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola V. Moshi ◽  
Stephen M. Kibusi ◽  
Flora Fabian
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Birth Preparedness ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background. Rukwa Region has the highest maternal mortality ratio, 860 deaths per 100,000 live births in Tanzania. The region has neonatal mortality rate of 38 deaths per 1,000 live births. Previous interventions to promote maternal and neonatal health targeted access to maternal services by removing financial barriers and increasing the number of health facilities. However, maternal service utilization remains very low, especially facility delivery. The proposed intervention was sought to address deep-rooted behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs, and knowledge empowerment to determine their effect on improving birth preparedness, male involvement, and maternal services utilization. The study tested the effectiveness of a Community-Based Continuous Training (CBCT) intervention that was based upon the theory of planned behavior and was sought to promote positive behaviors. Methods. The study used a quasi-experimental design. The design consisted of pre- and postintervention assessments of two nonequivalent groups. Two districts were selected conveniently using criteria of high home birth. A district to hold intervention was picked randomly. Study participants were expecting couples at gestation age of 24 weeks and below. After obtaining informed consents, participants were subjected to baseline assessment. Expecting couples in the intervention group had two training sessions and two encounter discussions. The three primary outcomes of the study were changes in the level of knowledge about birth preparedness, male involvement, and use of maternal services. Data were collected at preintervention, midintervention, and postintervention. Policy Implications of the Results. The aim of this paper was to describe the study protocol of a quasi-experimental study design to test the effectiveness of an interventional program on promoting positive behaviors on birth preparedness, male involvement, and maternal services utilization among expecting couples. This study has a potential to address the challenge of low birth preparedness, male involvement, and use of maternal health services in Rukwa Region.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Metode Kolaboratif Learning dan Kooperatif dalam Pendidikan Kesehatan Berbasis Komunitas

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Tita Hariyanti ◽  
Harsono Mardiwiyoto ◽  
Yayi Suryo Prabandari
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group Post

Background: The role of the learning methods is changing from teacher centered learning to student centered learning (SCL). One of the SCL methods is collaborative and cooperative learning. The past twenty years have seen an increase in collaborative and cooperative learning based pedagogies in colleges, but not in community based health education. The aim of this study is to identify the efectivity of collaborative and cooperative learning in community based health educationMethod: This research used quasi experimental non-randomized control group post test design. Respondent of the research are 111 geriatric cadres of Kecamatan Kepanjen and 72 geriatric cadres of Kecamatan Singosari.Results: Data shows that cadre’s knowledge in first training, 30 and 90 days after first training increased in both groups (p<0,001). There is no relationship between individual characteristic (age, education, occupation, time to work as a cadre, training) and increase of knowledge (p>0,05).Conclusion: Collaborative and cooperative method can increase cadre’s knowledge of stroke effectively and maintain memory retention longer than conventional method.

scholarly journals Turismo de Base Comunitária sob influência do processo de Proteção da Natureza na Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde (CE) e na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro (RJ)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cristina de Miranda Mendonça ◽  
Edilaine Albertino de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Extractive Reserve ◽  
Social Environmental

EEste artigo apresenta como discussão temática o turismo de base comunitária sob influência do processo de proteção da natureza, que tem como estratégia a criação de Unidades de Conservação, das categorias Reserva Extrativista e Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Neste contexto, considera-se a lógica peculiar da dinâmica social, ambiental e cultural da Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde (Ceará) e da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro (Rio de Janeiro). O objetivo do trabalho se define na descrição e análise sobre o processo de fortalecimento do turismo de base comunitária sob influência das Unidades de Conservação instituídas na área abrangente da Prainha do Canto Verde e da Vila do Aventureiro. O caminho metodológico de trabalho compreendeu pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, desde 2003, considerando dados de projetos de pesquisa e extensão universitária, como possibilidade de cobertura ampla de fenômenos semelhantes, permitindo uma comparação dos resultados obtidos para ampliar as perspectivas de análise temática. O resultado principal alcançado na pesquisa se baseia na importância da criação da Reserva Extrativista Prainha do Canto Verde e da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Aventureiro para a valorização e validação do turismo de base comunitária, garantindo sua premissa básica: a concepção, o planejamento, a operação e a gestão do turismo pelos agentes locais. Community-based Tourism under the influence of Nature Protection process in the Extractive Reserve Prainha do Canto Verde (CE, Brazil) and the Sustainable Development Reserve Aventureiro (RJ, Brazil) ABSTRACT This paper discusses Community-based Tourism influenced by the process of nature protection and the strategic creation of Conservation Units, and the categories Extractive Reserve and Sustainable Development Reserve. In particular, we approach the peculiar logic of the social, environmental and cultural dynamics of the Extractive Reserve of Prainha do Canto (Ceará,Brazil) and the Sustainable Development Reserve of Aventureiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) to describe and analise the reinforcement of Community-based Tourism in the conservation units created in these Reserves. The methodology includes bibliographical, documental and field research conducted since 2003, and the extension and research academic projects covering similar phenomena to enable a comparison of the findings to widen the perspectives of the analysis. The main findings point to the relevance of the creation of Reserves for valorization and validation of Community-based Tourism assuring its basic assumption: the conception, planning, operation and management of tourism by local agents. KEYWORDS: Community-based Tourism; Nature Protection; Extractive Reserve; Sustainable Development Reserve.

scholarly journals Peran Preferensi Memediasi Pengaruh Revitalisasi Produk Wisata terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung Objek Wisata Danau Sipin Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ihsan ◽  
Ade Perdana Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
City Community ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
The City

The world of tourism is something that has an important influence on the development and development of a country. The development of tourism will not be separated from physical and non-physical elements. Physical and non-physical elements will be considered in relation to the carrying capacity of objects and consideration of the impacts arising from tourism development. Tourism development must be based on planning, development and management direction. Local governments have an important role in tourism development. Lake Sipin is a lake located in the middle of the city of Jambi. Lake Sipin will definitely be very interesting, if it is packaged in such a way. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of tourism product revitalization on preferences, identify the effect of tourism product revitalization and preferences on visiting decisions and identify preferences able to mediate the effect of tourism product revitalization on visiting decisions The population of this study is the Jambi city community while the sample is the Jambi city community which more than once visited the attractions of Lake Sipin Jambi as many as 150 people. The data method uses path analysis. The results of the study note that the revitalization of tourism products has a significant influence on the preferences of visitors to the Lake Sipin Jambi tourist attraction, the revitalization of tourism products and visitor preferences have a significant influence on the decision to visit the Lake Sipin Jambi tourist attraction and the visitor's preferences are able to mediate the effect of tourism product revitalization on the decision visited the attractions of Lake Sipin Jambi

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