scholarly journals Emotion Sensitivity in Individuals with Various Degrees of Expressive Suppression: The Case of Policemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
M.A. Padun ◽  
E.A. Sorokko ◽  
E.A. Suchkova ◽  
D.V. Lucin
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Emotion Suppression ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The One

The article examines emotion sensitivity in policemen and its relationships with emotion suppression. It was hypothesized that individuals with high emotion suppression were less efficient in recognizing others’ negative emotions. Forty-nine policemen from the Arkhangelsk region of Russia aged from 22 to 50 took part in the study. Emotion sensitivity was measured presenting faces with dynamic changes in emotional expression from neutral to the one of four emotion categories, namely happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Emotion suppression was measured with Gross’ Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Happiness was recognized faster and more accurately compared to negative emotions. Among negative emotions, the least intensity was needed for the recognition of fear, more intensity for the recognition of sadness, and even more for anger. Fear was recognized more accurately compared to anger; there was no difference in the accuracy of the recognition of fear and sadness. Individuals high in expressive suppression recognized happiness faster and mistook sadness for anger more often. The results are discussed in the context of the specific features of policemen professional activity.

The Multilevel Structure of Daily Emotion-Regulation-Strategy Use: An Examination of Within- and Between-Person Associations in Naturalistic Settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tierney P. McMahon ◽  
Kristin Naragon-Gainey
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Attentional Shift ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Existing structural analyses of emotion-regulation (ER) strategies have relied on retrospective, dispositional assessments, ignoring the within-person structure (i.e., intraindividual strategy groupings based on momentary covariances) and variability in strategy use across time and contexts. We conducted multilevel exploratory factor analyses on self-reported daily use of 11 strategies (i.e., acceptance, behavioral avoidance, distraction, experiential avoidance, expressive suppression, procrastination, reappraisal, reflection, rumination, savoring, social support) in clinical ( N = 129) and student ( N = 109) samples with intensive longitudinal designs. At the between-person level, two factors—Engagement and Avoidance—emerged in both samples. A different structure was found at the within-person level, with four factors in the student sample (i.e., Attentional Shift, Acceptance, Avoidance, Emotional Expression) and three in the clinical sample (i.e., Attentional Shift, Avoidance, Emotional Expression). The validity of these factors was examined via their associations with daily internalizing symptoms and affect. Implications for naturalistic ER strategy use and clinical assessment/intervention are discussed.

scholarly journals Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Regulation Strategies

<p>The present investigation was designed to assess whether the emotion regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal would mediate the relationships between emotion motives (trying to experience and trying to avoid experiencing positive and negative emotions) and mood outcomes (subjective happiness and depressive symptoms). A sample of 257 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires on emotion regulation and levels of subjective happiness and depressive symptom levels in a concurrent study. As predicted, trying to experience positive emotions positively predicted use of cognitive reappraisal, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of subjective happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and trying to avoid experiencing negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of subjective happiness. In one other mediational pathway, the motive of trying to experience negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which was associated with lower levels of subjective happiness and greater levels of depressive symptoms. These results add to the existing emotion regulation research literature by shedding light on what motivates the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In sum, individuals’ hedonic motives encouraged adaptive emotion regulation efforts, whereas, individuals’ contra-hedonic motives encouraged the use of maladaptive emotion regulation efforts. These findings will be of assistance to clinicians in the development of interventions to improve emotion regulation problems in clients.</p>

scholarly journals Is Negative Emotion Differentiation Associated With Emotion Regulation Choice? Investigations at the Person and Day Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia S. O'Toole ◽  
Emma Elkjær ◽  
Mai B. Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Emotion Differentiation ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Healthy Participants

Negative emotion differentiation (ED) has been suggested to be important for adaptive emotion regulation (ER). However, knowledge concerning how ED may impact specific ER strategy choice remains surprisingly sparse. We therefore investigated (1) if person-level negative ED was associated with habitual use of individual ER strategies, (2) how person-level negative ED was associated with daily use of individual ER strategies, and finally (3) how within-person daily fluctuations in negative ED were associated with daily use of individual ER strategies. During a 10-day experience sampling study, 90 healthy participants rated their momentary emotions and their ER efforts in response to those emotions. ER strategies included four putatively adaptive strategies (reflection, distancing, non-reactivity, reappraisal) and four putatively maladaptive strategies (rumination, experiential avoidance, expressive suppression, worry). Results revealed that negative ED at the person level was neither associated with habitual nor daily ER strategy endorsement when controlling for negative emotions. Likewise, associations between within-individual daily variation in negative ED and daily ER did not remain statistically significant after controlling for negative emotions. The results thus point to no or weak associations between negative ED and ER choice above and beyond negative emotions. Future experimental studies addressing ED at the momentary level and teasing out the ED–ER causal timeline are needed to further evaluate ED–ER associations. Findings from such research may represent an important step toward refining psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at improving emotional problems.

scholarly journals Choosing between emotion regulation strategies to appear cool, calm, and collected: Does emotional stimulus intensity matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Dorota Szczygieł ◽  
Wiesław Baryła
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Stimulus ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Verbal Content ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The present study examined the effect of negative emotional stimulus intensity (low versus high) on the choice of emotion regulation (ER) strategy when a person wants to control their emotional expression, and the impact of this choice on how the information accompanying emotional stimuli is remembered. The effects of emotional stimulus intensity on the choice of ER strategy were examined in two studies. In both studies, the participants (unaware of the differences in the intensity of stimuli) were asked to view images inducing negative emotions of high and low intensity and to choose which strategy (cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression) they would use in order to control their emotional expression. In addition, in Study 2, the authors tested the memory of the verbal content accompanying the emotional stimuli that appeared during the ER period. As expected, the participants chose reappraisal over suppression when confronted with low-intensity stimuli. In contrast, when confronted with high-intensity stimuli, they chose suppression over reappraisal. The results of Study 2 revealed that memory accuracy was higher for those images that the participants chose to use reappraisal rather than suppression.

scholarly journals Dispositional and Situational Emotion Regulation in Younger and Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hofer ◽  
Mathias Allemand
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Given

Abstract. Younger and older adults (N = 207) viewed a film scene eliciting strong negative emotions and then indicated how they had regulated their emotions. Dispositional emotion regulation was measured prior to stimulus presentation. Older adults showed higher levels of dispositional suppression than younger adults. Furthermore, individual differences in dispositional expressive suppression were predictive of reappraisal and suppression in the given situation. However, dispositional suppression was more strongly related to situational suppression among older adults than among younger adults. Future directions concerning the importance of and possible implications for age differences in coping with stressful situations are discussed.

scholarly journals Strategi Regulasi Emosi Narapidana Anak di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Klas II Tanjung Pati Payakumbuh

PSYCHE 165 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Rina Mariana ◽  
Maulany Putry Sagita
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The One ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to find out how the emotional regulation strategies of child prisoners in Class II TI LPKA. Pati. Using the one used is Quantitative Descriptive method. Emotional regulation on child inmates was revealed using a questionnaire about emotion regulation strategies. The results of research derived from questionnaires and interviews conducted showed that out of 32 child inmates, as many as 32 child prisoners used emotion regulation strategies cognitive reappraisal in dealing with problems in the LPKA environment. In addition, as many as 7 adolescents have a tendency to use emotion strategies cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in dealing with problems in the LPKA environment. Based on the results of the study it was found that 9.37% of child prisoners had poor emotion regulation strategies, and 71.87 % of child inmates have a fairly good emotion regulation strategy and 18.75% have a good emotion regulation strategy.

scholarly journals Sadness regulation strategies and measurement: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256088
Author(s):  
Sumaia Mohammed Zaid ◽  
Fonny Dameaty Hutagalung ◽  
Harris Shah Bin Abd Hamid ◽  
Sahar Mohammed Taresh
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Backgrounds Accurate measurement and suitable strategies facilitate people regulate their sadness in an effective manner. Regulating or mitigating negative emotions, particularly sadness, is crucial mainly because constant negative emotions may lead to psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. This paper presents an overview of sadness regulation strategies and related measurement. Method Upon adhering to five-step scoping review, this study combed through articles that looked into sadness regulation retrieved from eight databases. Results As a result of reviewing 40 selected articles, 110 strategies were identified to regulate emotions, particularly sadness. Some of the most commonly reported strategies include expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, seeking social or emotional support, and rumination. The four types of measures emerged from the review are self-reported, informant report (parents or peers), open-ended questions, and emotion regulation instructions. Notably, most studies had tested psychometric properties using Cronbach’s alpha alone, while only a handful had assessed validity (construct and factorial validity) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha or test-retest) based on responses captured from questionnaire survey. Conclusion Several sadness regulation strategies appeared to vary based on gender, age, and use of strategy. Despite the general measurement of emotion regulation, only one measure was developed to measure sadness regulation exclusively for children. Future studies may develop a comprehensive battery of measures to assess sadness regulation using multi-component method.

The Effects of Emotion Suppression During Language Planning and Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2076-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Hayley S. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Emotion Suppression ◽  
Lexical Diversity

Purpose Emotion regulation and language planning occur in parallel during interactive communication, but their processes are often studied separately. It has been suggested that emotion suppression and more complex language production both recruit cognitive resources. However, it is currently less clear how the language planning and production system is impacted when required to emotionally suppress outward displays of affect (i.e., expressive suppression). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the interactive effects of emotion regulation and language production processes. Method Through discourse analysis of a corpus of interactive dialogue, we evaluated the production of interjections (i.e., also termed “filled pauses,” a type of speech disfluency) when participants regulated outward displays of emotion and when language was lexically complex (i.e., via lexical diversity). One participant (the sender) was assigned to either express or suppress affective displays during the interaction. The other person (the receiver) was given no special instructions before the interaction. The interactions were transcribed, and their linguistic content (i.e., lexical diversity, lexical alignment, and interjections) was analyzed. Results Results indicated that participants actively suppressing outward displays of affect produced more interjections and that participants asked to emotionally regulate, both expressors and suppressors, were more disfluent when producing lexically diverse statements (2 cognitively demanding tasks). Conclusions The current research provides support that, when suppressing emotion, one might be more disfluent when speaking. However, also when engaged in 2 simultaneous, demanding tasks of having to either upregulate or downregulate emotions and utter lexically diverse statements, the combined cognitive load may impede fluency in language production. More specifically, in the context of language planning and production, emotion suppression may pilfer resources away from the language planning and production system, leading to higher rates of disfluent speech. This finding is of particular importance because understanding the interactive effects of emotion and language production may be impactful to interventions for communication disorders.

scholarly journals Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Regulation Strategies

<p>The present investigation was designed to assess whether the emotion regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal would mediate the relationships between emotion motives (trying to experience and trying to avoid experiencing positive and negative emotions) and mood outcomes (subjective happiness and depressive symptoms). A sample of 257 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires on emotion regulation and levels of subjective happiness and depressive symptom levels in a concurrent study. As predicted, trying to experience positive emotions positively predicted use of cognitive reappraisal, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of subjective happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and trying to avoid experiencing negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of subjective happiness. In one other mediational pathway, the motive of trying to experience negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which was associated with lower levels of subjective happiness and greater levels of depressive symptoms. These results add to the existing emotion regulation research literature by shedding light on what motivates the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In sum, individuals’ hedonic motives encouraged adaptive emotion regulation efforts, whereas, individuals’ contra-hedonic motives encouraged the use of maladaptive emotion regulation efforts. These findings will be of assistance to clinicians in the development of interventions to improve emotion regulation problems in clients.</p>

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