MICROTOPONYMY OF BELARUSIAN–LITHUANIAN–POLISH BORDERLANDS

Via Latgalica ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Veronika Komara
Keyword(s):  
Structural Organization ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

<p>In the present report we will focus on the analysis of microtoponyms of Bobrovniki (Babrowniki) village and its surroundings. The village is in Ostrovets (Astravets) district (Republic of Belarus, Grodno (Hrodna) region), north-western part of which borders on the Republic of Lithuania. This area is dominated by flat terrain, which, of course, influenced the system of names of geographical objects.</p><p>Microtoponyms are divided into 2 groups:</p><p>1) names of onomastic origin, which amounted to 53 % of the total number of microtoponymic units;</p><p>2) names of apellative origin, which amounted to 47 % of the total number of microtoponymic units collected by us.</p><p>In the first group of names we have distinguished the units, formed from the stems of official personal proper names, their spoken varieties and place names. Microtoponyms motivated by personal names are especially well represented.</p><p>In the second group of names we have found the names, formed from common nouns. The study of the structural organization of the names of small geographical objects of the village Bobrovniki and its environment showed, that names simple in their structure are more common than composite ones.</p><p>Origin of microtoponyms is characterized by heterogeneity. Of course, most of the names come from the ancestral Belarusian stems and roots – lexemes used in the Belarusian language from the times of Proto-Slavic, East Slavic period, id-est Belarusian own words. But there are detected microtoponymic units, formed by borrowed names as well. Among these microtoponyms the names of the Polish and Lithuanian descent have been recorded.</p><p>Microtoponymic units in the structure of which the suffixes that are typical of the Lithuanian language have been found:-uny- (-un-), rising to the Lithuanian -ūnai;- ishki- dating back to the Lithuanian -iški, -iškė, -iškis, -iška;-oyti (from Lithuanian -aičiai and -aitis).</p><p>In the study of this area there were also recorded microtoponymic units in the structure of which an element of Lithuanian stems has been detected.</p><p>Our material collected 24 % of the total number of names of units, that were formed under the influence of Polish and Lithuanian languages. Thus, it is safe to continue to study MICROTOPONYMY of Ostrovets area, and in particular Bobrovniki village and its surroundings. In this area, common names of small geographical objects that appeared in the Belarusian dialects under the influence of neighbouring languages are wide spread.</p>

LATGALIAN PLACE NAMES AND PERSONAL NAMES IN THE CONTEXT OF LIVONIA IN THE 1599 POLISH CENSUS

Via Latgalica ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Otīlija Kovaļevska
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Structure Of Population

The 1599 Inflanty census materials published in 1915 by Polish historians Jan Jakubowski and Józef Kordzikowski are abundant and in some ways a unique source of place names and personal names of the 16th century that reveal Latgalian personal names and place names of that time within the context of Livonia. The document relates to 13 castle areas, covering a large part of the present territory of Latgale, Vidzeme and Estonia. It is based on a uniform methodology and at one time, therefore, it is possible to compare the castle areas with each other, and, taking into account the succeeding historical events, to judge about the further development of the place names and personal names (eventually – family names) in Vidzeme and Latgale. The purpose of the research: 1) to compare the onomastic material of the 1599 census with the contemporary map, to attempt to restore the geography of the mentioned castle areas, to identify the earliest possible place names and family names preserved to the present day; 2) with the help of other 16th and 17th century sources, to attempt to formulate the different regularities of the formation of a place names and family names in Vidzeme and Latgale, especially viewing Latgale against the background of Livonia. This mainly refers to differences in the structure of the population (farmsteads in Vidzeme and villages in Latgale), as well as the different development of family names (there was no such campaign of awarding surnames in Latgale as there was in Vidzeme after the abolition of serfdom in the 19th century, because in Latgale family names already existed at that time). Consequently, the 1599 document may help to find out whether these differences have appeared later as a result of living in different (Polish, Swedish) cultural spaces, or maybe they have some older roots related to the time before the division of Livonia. The analysis of the material was carried out with the help of Excel software (data structuring, selection, collection and processing of statistical data). The cartographic method is applied to seek correlation between the proper names mentioned in the 1599 census and modern place names in Latgale and Vidzeme; for comparison a brief overview into the descriptions of Estonian castle areas is given. It is concluded that the descriptions of the castle areas of the Latvian part of Livonia – Latgale and Vidzeme – are similar in some respects, but differ greatly from the descriptions of the Estonian castle areas: in the Latvian part villages are mentioned occasionally, but in Estonia the territory is mostly structured in villages, and the names of these villages are still recognizable on a contemporary map. Unlike the names of farmsteads in Vidzeme, many village names in modern Latgale have apparently appeared in later centuries, but the structure of population in Latgale and Vidzeme in the 16th century was similar: a number of small scattered groups of homes, which later grew into villages as the number of inhabitants increased in Latgale. There are surprisingly many family/ place names in both Latgale and Vidzeme, for example, Beitāni/ Beitēni, Beiti, Brici, Breidaki/ Brīdaki, Dauguļi, Panķāni, Prikņi, which may be evidence of some common “space” in which these names were formed. On the contemporary map of Vidzeme one can find even more “footprints” of the proper names mentioned in 1599 than in Latgale. Perhaps this can be explained by documentation and mapping of homes in the 17th century Swedish censuses. In Latgale, an intensive formation of single name populated areas took place in the 18th century, in addition, the first large scale mapping was carried out one century later than in Vidzeme – in 1784. The beginnings of family names appear to have been alike throughout Livonia. In 1599 the Polish and in 1601 the Swedes still continue the habit started in Livonia to write alongside the christened name some qualifying name that could be shared by a larger group of people such as the family. After the division of Livonia in the Polish Inflanty, they continued to develop in the same way as in Poland and Lithuania, while in the Swedish Vidzeme apparently more attention was paid to place names while a large part of the population remained without family names.

APPROACH OF THE CARTOGRAPHICAL METHOD FOR THE RESEARCH OF THE ORIGINS OF PLACE NAMES AND SURNAMES OF SOUTHEASTERN LATGALE

Via Latgalica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Otīlija Kovaļevska
Keyword(s):  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>The prevailing majority of contemporary village names of Latgale in historical sources can be traced back to the 18<sup>th </sup>century at least, whereas surnames, many of which have been preserved up to now, were extensively mentioned already in the 18<sup>th</sup> century and even in earlier documents. The striking similarity between the village names and surnames evidently points to their relatedness and raises questions about their origin. Despite the large number of these onyms, many village names and surnames are unique, characterizing a certain region, parish, or even village. To some extent, surnames in Latgale are a geographical reality, and as well as place names, they can be investigated by means of the cartographic methods.</em><em></em></p><p><em>The aim of the article is to demonstrate the benefits of using maps in research of the origins of the place names and surnames in Latgale. Applying the maps, the attempt has been made to look at the formation of village names throughout the centuries as well as to find out what the relationship between the family names and place names is. For this purpose the oldest available sources of place names and surnames of Latgale were used, trying to project them on modern maps and searching for correlations. For the research southeastern Latgale has been chosen, since a relatively large number of the 16<sup>th</sup>–18<sup>th</sup> century documents, containing personal names and place names are available regarding this region. Since the field of the research is very wide and each name has its own individual history, only general correlations and traditions were searched for. Nevertheless, the examples mentioned in the article illustrate the opportunities that the projection of ancient sources on the modern map provides.</em><em></em></p><p><em>The main sources used in this research were various documents of revision and inventories from the 16<sup>th</sup>–18<sup>th</sup> centuries, partly digitized by the National Historical Archives metrics and materials of revision dated to 1772, as well as some other 16<sup>th</sup>–18<sup>th</sup> century documents, containing place names and surnames, as well as maps of various periods. To identificate place names on modern maps the Database of Geographical Names http://vietvardi.lgia.gov.lv/</em><em> and Map Browser http://kartes.lgia.gov.lv/karte/ maintained by the Latvian Geospatial Information Agency (LGIA) have been used.</em></p>

scholarly journals Problems of Hangeul Romanization into Slovene

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva ZIRALDO ◽  
Jasmina KROFIČ
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Year 2000

Slovenian grammar does not deal with Korean language and words of Korean origin. Since the number of Korean words in newspapers and other media in Slovenia is increasing, and different writers romanize these words in different ways, a need exists for a uniform transliteration system as soon as possible in order to avoid misapprehensions.The romanization of Korean is not a problem only in Slovenia but also in Korea. There are several systems of romanization. At the moment the Republic of Korea is using the Revised Romanization system, which was approved in the year 2000, while the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea uses the McCune-Reischauer system. The Republic of Korea stopped using the McCune-Reischauer system because of the inconvenient usage of diacritics and apostrophes. The problem of romanization of Korean consists not only in the difficulty of transcription but also the fact that not everyone follows the approved system. When writing proper names typically none of the existing systems is followed. Geographical names are written according to the Revised Romanization system, while names of universities, festivals etc., which include geographical names as well, are still written according to the McCune-Reischauer system.Koreans are aware of the problem of romanization and recently there has been new discussion in the Republic of Korea about another revision and the unification of the romanization of personal names. There is, however, an established convention according to which each individual writes their own name as wished. Due to specific morphophonological characteristics of the Korean language, consistent Romanization is impossible without adequate knowledge of the language.Since there are currently few Korean words used in Slovenian language an opportunity exists to establish an agreed spelling convention without the excessive revision that might be required later.

The Medieval Population of Mountainous Ingushetia According to Odontological Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-196
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Lejbova ◽  
Umalat B. Gadiev
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
Medieval Population

Although population of the Caucasus has been studied in a rather detailed way, there are peoples whose anthropological portrait is still incomplete. Among them are the Ingush, one of the oldest autochthonous peoples of the Caucasus. This work presents new material on the dental anthropology of medieval Ingush, collected in 2017 during expeditions to the Jairakh and Sunzhen districts of the Republic of Ingushetia. In the Jairakh district, the investigations were carried out in the crypt complexes of the 15th–18th centuries – Targim, Agikal, Tsori, Salgi, and in Sunzhen region - in crypts near the village of Muzgan. The craniological series of medieval Ingush studied according to the dental anthropology program can be described as belonging to the western range of odontological complexes. Unlike most modern Caucasian groups, it does not belong to gracile forms, but rather to a maturized odontological variant, which has deep roots in the Caucasus. The results once again demonstrate a certain conservatism and stability of the dental system, which preserves morphological traits of ancestral groups longer than other anthropological systems.

Угорські запозичення в західноукраїнських топонімічних переказах

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
ЛЕСЯ МУШКЕТИК
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Long Period ◽  
White Horse ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Village ◽  
Written Sources

The oral folk prose of Transcarpathia is a valuable source of history and culture of the region. Supplementing the written sources, it has maintained popular attitudes towards events, giving assessments and interpretations that are often different from the official one. In the Ukrainian oral tradition, we find many words borrowed from other languages, in particular Hungarian, which reflects the long period of cohabitation as well as shared historical events and contacts. They also occur in local toponymic legends, which in their own way explain the origin of the local names and are closely linked with the life and culture of the region, contain a lot of ethnographic, historical, mythological, and other information. They are represented mainly by lexical borrowings, Hungarian proper names and realities, which were transformed, absorbed and modified in another system, and, among other things, has served the originality of the Transcarpathian folklore. The process of borrowing the Hungarianisms is marked by heterochronology and a significant degree of assimilation in the receiving environment. It is known about the long-lasting contacts of the Hungarians with Rus at the time of birth of the homeland - the Honfoglalás, as evidenced by the current geographical names associated with the heroes of the events of that time - the leaders of uprisings Attila, Almash, Prince Latorets (the legends Almashivka, About the Laborets and the White Horse Mukachevo Castle). In the names of toponymic legends and writings there are mentions of the famous Hungarian leaders, the leaders of the uprisings - King Matthias Corvinus, Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II, Lajos Kossuth (the legends Matyashivka, Bovtsar, Koshutova riberiya). Many names of villages, castles and rivers originate from Hungarian lexemes and are their derivatives, explaining the name itself (narratives Sevlyuskyy castle, Gotar, village Gedfork). The times of the Tatar invasion were reflected in the legends The Great Ravine Bovdogovanya and The village Goronda. Sometimes, the nomination is made up of two words - Ukrainian and Hungarian (Mount Goverla, Canyon Grobtedie). In legends, one can find mythological and legendary elements. The process of borrowing Hungarianisms into Ukrainian is marked by heterochronology, meanwhile borrowings remain unchanged only partially, and in general, they are assimilated in accordance with the phonetic and morphological rules of the Ukrainian language. Consequently, this is a creative process, caused by a number of different factors - social, ethnocultural, aesthetic, etc. In the course of time, events and characters in oral narratives are erased from human memory, so they can be mixed, modified and updated, adapting to new realities.

Training of Village Teachers in Vilna Educational District in the 1860s and 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Anna A. Komzolova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

One of the results of the educational reform of the 1860s was the formation of the regular personnel of village teachers. In Vilna educational district the goal was not to invite teachers from central Russia, but to train them on the spot by establishing special seminaries. Trained teachers were supposed to perform the role of «cultural brokers» – the intermediaries between local peasants and the outside world, between the culture of Russian intelligentsia and the culture of the Belarusian people. The article examines how officials and teachers of Vilna educational district saw the role of rural teachers as «cultural brokers» in the context of the linguistic and cultural diversity of the North-Western Provinces. According to them, the graduates of the pedagogical seminaries had to remain within the peasant estate and to keep in touch with their folk «roots». The special «mission» of the village teachers was in promoting the ideas of «Russian elements» and historical proximity to Russia among Belarusian peasants.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

Khystyyansʹki imena yak tvirni osnovy arkhayichnoyi oykonimiyi Ukrayiny

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Zoryana Кupchyns’ka
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Small Fragment ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Personal Names

Proper names of people as creating stems are represented in oiconymy of Ukraine. Anthroponymy separated from o iconymy of Ukraine ending in *-inъ is only a small fragment of a large amount of proper names and their variants. The actual problem is creating the dictionary of personal names of people, which would contain anthroponymy derived from archaic oiconymy. It would enrich not only the Ukrainian anthroponymicon but AllSlavonic one. 251 anthroponym of canonical origin is distinguished from geographical names of Ukraine ending in *-inъ. Most of Christian anthroponyms are represented in dictionaries as names of people or as bynames/proto-surnames. It is found out that 30 names (12%) are not represented in lexicographical works: Аврата (< Гаврило), Горпа (< Агрипина//Горпина), Демх(ш)а (< Дем’ян), Домашла (< Домна, Домнікія, Домаха), Ільпа (< Ілля), Кузята (< Кузьма), Макиш(х)а (< Матвій, розм. Макій), Макош(х)а (< Матвій, розм. Макій), Манята (< Марія), Мар’ята (< Мар’яна), Матюш(х)а (< Матвій), Митула (< Дмитро), Михла (< Михайло), Мишера (< Михайло), Мишута (< Михайло), Нита(я) (< Нит), Ол(ъ)ма (< Олъма), Панчоха (< Пантелеймон), Парута (< Парасковія), Пилипчата (< Пилип), Савара (< Север, Северин), Стеська (< Степан), Таша (< Наталія), Теола (< Теофіла, Феофіла), Тимота (< Тимофій), Томара (< Тамара), Фетюха (< Федір), Юриця (< Юрій), Якота (< Яків), Янкулиха (< Ян).

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