scholarly journals CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN STUDIES: RAPID REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Sanita Šuriņa ◽  
Kristīne Mārtinsone
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Representative Samples

Social capital is a concept that is widely studied in different fields of science, in different dimensions of this concept, and consists of a number of elements, including trust, sense of belonging and affiliation. Given the multidimensional nature of social capital, researchers point to the challenges of its conceptualization and operationalization of its elements. Objective: To identify cross-sectional design studies, with nationally representative samples from European countries, where each study assessed following social capital elements: either trust and sense of belonging, or trust and affiliation, to identify other included social capital elements, to clarify how these elements are operationalized, to identify what social capital determinants are taken into account and what social capital manifestations have been evaluated.Method: Cross-sectional design studies, with nationally representative samples for European countries, conducted between 2014 and 2019, were sought in Science Direct, ProQuest, SAGE, EBSCO, Google Scholar, using the key words “social capital”, “trust”, “sense of belonging” and their synonyms. The methodological quality was assessed by Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (Axis). Results: From initially identified 173 studies, the literature review included 3 studies. The included studies identify determinants of social capital (socio-demographic factors (2 studies) and political affiliation (1 study)) and manifestations of social capital (self-rated health (1 study), loneliness (1 study), willingness to pay for environmental quality (1 study)). The included studies define the bonding, bridging and linking types of social capital, as well as the structural and cognitive dimensions of social capital. The studies assessed and operationalized the following social capital elements: trust (3 studies), sense of belonging (1 study), support (1 study), frequency of contacts (2 studies), participation in associations (1 study), religious affiliation (1 study), civic activity (2 studies).  

scholarly journals Factors associated with nonessential workplace attendance during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK in early 2021: evidence from cross-sectional surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Michie ◽  
Henry WW Potts ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Richard Amlot ◽  
Louise E Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Dependent Child ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Living Circumstances ◽  
Representative Samples

Background and aims: Working from home where possible is important in reducing spread of Covid-19. In early 2021, a quarter of people in England who believed they could work entirely from home reported attending their workplace. To inform interventions to reduce this, this study examined associated factors. Methods: Data from the ongoing CORSAIR survey series of nationally representative samples of people in the UK aged 16+ years in January-February 2021 were used. The study sample was 1422 respondents who reported that they could work completely from home. The outcome measure was self-reported workplace attendance at least once during the preceding week. Factors of interest were analysed in three blocks: 1) sociodemographic variables, 2) variables relating to circumstances of respondents, and 3) psychological variables. Results: 26.8% (95%CI=24.5%-29.1%) of respondents reported having attended their workplace at least once in the preceding week. Sociodemographic variables and living circumstances significantly independently predicted non-essential workplace attendance: male gender (OR=1.85,95%CI=1.33-2.58), dependent children in the household (OR=1.65,95%CI=1.17-2.32), financial hardship (OR=1.14,95%CI=1.08-1.21), socio-economic grade C2DE (OR=1.74, 95%CI=1.19-2.53), working in sectors such as health or social care (OR=4.18, 95%CI=2.56-6.81), education and childcare (OR=2.45, 95%CI=1.45-4.14) and key public service (OR=3.78, 95%CI=1.83-7.81), and having been vaccinated (OR=2.08,95%CI=1.33-3.24). Conclusions: Non-essential workplace attendance in the UK in early 2021 during the Covid-19 pandemic was significantly independently associated with a range of sociodemographic variables and personal circumstances. Having been vaccinated, financial hardship, socio-economic grade C2DE, having a dependent child at home, working in certain key sectors were associated with higher likelihood of workplace attendance.

scholarly journals Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110454
Author(s):  
William Tamayo-Aguledo ◽  
Alida Acosta-Ortiz ◽  
Aseel Hamid ◽  
Carolina Gómez-García ◽  
María Camila García-Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital

Background: The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood. Aims: Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement. Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12 to 17-year-old adolescents ( N = 1,754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm and displacement by armed conflict. Results: Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85–0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85–0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months. Conclusions: Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in later life in ten European countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico Castro-Costa ◽  
Michael Dewey ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Sube Banerjee ◽  
Felicia Huppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundThe EURO–D, a 12-item self-report questionnaire for depression, was developed with the aim of facilitating cross-cultural research into late-life depression in Europe.AimsTo describe the national variation in depression symptoms and syndrome prevalence across ten European countries.MethodThe EURO–D was administered to cross-sectional nationally representative samples of non-institutionalised persons aged ≥50 years (n = 22 777). The effects of age, gender, education and cognitive functioning on individual symptoms and EURO–D factor scores were estimated. Country-specific depression prevalence rates and mean factor scores were re-estimated, adjusted for these compositional effects.ResultsThe prevalence of all symptoms was higher in the Latin ethno-lingual group of countries, especially symptoms related to motivation. Women scored higher on affective suffering; older people and those with impaired verbal fluency scored higher on motivation.ConclusionsThe prevalence of individual EURO–D symptoms and of probable depression (cut-off score ≥4) varied consistently between countries. Standardising for effects of age, gender, education and cognitive function suggested that these compositional factors did not account for the observed variation.

Shopping orientation as a stable consumer disposition and its influence on consumers’ evaluations of retailer communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver B. Büttner ◽  
Arnd Florack ◽  
Anja S. Göritz
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Customer Segmentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shopping Orientation ◽  
Tailored Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose – The present aims to examine whether interindividual differences in consumers’ shopping orientations reflect a stable consumer disposition (i.e. chronic shopping orientation; CSO). Furthermore, it examines whether this disposition influences consumers’ evaluations of retailer communication. Consumers may shop under an experiential or a task-focused shopping orientation. Design/methodology/approach – This research builds on four studies; three were conducted online and one was conducted in the laboratory. Study 1 applied a longitudinal design, Studies 2 and 3 applied a cross-sectional design and Study 4 applied an experimental design. Findings – Study 1 shows that CSO is stable over time. Study 2 finds that interindividual differences in CSO are stable across different retail domains. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrate that experiential shoppers prefer stimulation-oriented claims, whereas task-focused shoppers prefer efficiency-oriented claims. Originality/value – The value of shopping orientation for customer segmentation and tailored marketing largely depends on whether interindividual differences in CSO are stable. The present research is the first to demonstrate that CSO, indeed, exists as a stable consumer disposition. In addition, the research demonstrates that shopping orientation moderates the evaluation of retailer communication. Overall, the results demonstrate that CSO is a valuable construct for customer segmentation and tailored communication in retailing.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in BMI in Argentina by socio-economic position and province-level economic development, 2005–2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Christine ◽  
Ana V Diez Roux ◽  
Jeffrey J Wing ◽  
Marcio Alazraqui ◽  
Hugo Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Province Level ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated temporal trends in BMI, and assessed hypothesized predictors of trends including socio-economic position (SEP) and province-level economic development, in Argentina.DesignUsing multivariable linear regression, we evaluated cross-sectional patterning and temporal trends in BMI and examined heterogeneity in these associations by SEP and province-level economic development with nationally representative samples from Argentina in 2005 and 2009. We calculated mean annual changes in BMI for men and women to assess secular trends.ResultsWomen, but not men, exhibited a strong cross-sectional inverse association between SEP and BMI, with the lowest-SEP women having an average BMI 2·55 kg/m2greater than the highest-SEP women. Analysis of trends revealed a mean annual increase in BMI of 0·19 kg/m2and 0·15 kg/m2for women and men, respectively, with slightly greater increases occurring in provinces with greater economic growth. No significant heterogeneity in trends existed by individual SEP.ConclusionsBMI is increasing rapidly over time in Argentina irrespective of various sociodemographic characteristics. Higher BMI remains more common in women of lower SEP compared with those of higher SEP.

Trends in Social Inequality in Tooth Brushing among Adolescents: 1991-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn E. Holstein ◽  
Lotus Sofie Bast ◽  
Carina Sjöberg Brixval ◽  
Mogens Trab Damsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
Prevalence Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Representative Samples

This study examines whether social inequality in tooth brushing frequency among adolescents changed from 1991 to 2014. The data material was seven comparable cross-sectional studies of nationally representative samples of 11- to 15-year-olds in Denmark with data about frequency of tooth brushing and occupation of parents. The total number of participants was 31,464, of whom 21.7% brushed their teeth less than the recommended 2 times a day. The absolute social inequality measured as prevalence difference between low and high social class increased from 7.7% in 1991 to 14.6% in 2014. The relative social inequality assessed by odds ratios for infrequent tooth brushing also increased from 1991 to 2014.

scholarly journals Chronic Backpain Among Adolescents in Denmark: Socioeconomic Inequality and Trends 1991-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn E. Holstein ◽  
Mogens Trab Damsgaard ◽  
Katrine Rich Madsen ◽  
Trine Pagh Pedersen ◽  
Mette Toftager
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
International Health ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Hbsc Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
School Surveys ◽  
Representative Samples

Abstract Chronic backpain among adolescents is important because the prevalence and the burden of disability is high. Chronic backpain tracks into adulthood and is associated with several health problems. The objective was to study trends in the prevalence of chronic backpain among adolescents 1991-2018, to examine the association with socioeconomic status (SES) and whether this association changed over time. The study used data from eight comparable cross-sectional school-surveys of nationally representative samples of 11-15-year-olds in 1991, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018, the Danish arm of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The participation rate was 88.0%, n=29,952. Chronic backpain was defined as self-reported backpain daily or several days a week during the last six months. The prevalence of chronic backpain was 11.1%, significantly increasing from 8.9% in 1991 to 11.7% in 2018. The OR for chronic backpain was 1.20 (1.10-1.31) in middle and 1.56 (1.41-1.73) in low compared to high OSC. Sensitivity analyses with two other cut-points for backpain frequency showed similar associations. Conclusion: Chronic backpain is common among adolescents and the prevalence increased from 1991 to 2918. The prevalence was highest in lower SES families. We recommend increased efforts to prevent chronic backpain.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HUSBAND-WIFE INTERACTION ON MARITAL QUALITY AMONG FAMILIESIN EARLY YEARS AND MIDDLE YEARS MARRIAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Egretta Melistantri Dewi ◽  
Herien Puspitawati ◽  
Diah Krisnatuti
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Middle Years ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
High Category ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

<p>This study aims to analyze the effect of social capital and husband-wife <br />interaction on marital quality among families in early years and middle years<br />marriage. The study was using cross sectional design. The selection of research<br />sites was purposively chosen in Bogor City. The location of the study was in<br />Kebon Pedes and Kedung Badak, regions of Tanah Sareal district. Samples of this<br />study were 120 families in early and middle years of marriage with wives as the<br />main participants. Data were collected through interview using questionnaire. The<br />study found that social capital in families with early marriage age in the<br />intermediate category, and in families with middle years of marriage is in the high<br />category. Different test results show only in the dimensions of gender partnerships<br />that families in middle years of marriage were higher than early years families. On<br />variable of husband-wife interaction, half of the families with early marriage years<br />were in the intermediate category and more than half of families with middle<br />years of marriage were in the high category. There wereno significant differences<br />in all dimensions of husband and wife interaction. In the variable quality of<br />marriage, half of families with early years marriage were in the intermediate<br />category, whereas more than half of families with middle years marriage were in<br />high category. There wereno significant differences in all dimensions of marital<br />quality.</p>

scholarly journals Personality and Attitudes Confronting Death Awareness During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy and Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Murphy ◽  
Carmen Moret-Tatay
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Death Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Italy and Spain are two representative examples on strict lockdown last March 2020, also suffering a high rate of mortality in Europe. The aim of this study is to examine their attitudes confronting death awareness during the Covid-19 outbreak. Moreover, Personality was also considered. Different sociodemographic, in situ questions related to attitudes and the brief Big Five of Personality were employed in a cross-sectional design. The main results suggested that Personality traits were stable across countries. A relationship was found between Fear to contagious diseases and Neuroticism and other attitudes during the Covid-19 outbreak, and two different clusters were identified with regards to attitudes, however these did not differ on Personality. Finally, a Cluster group, Neuroticism, Age and Sense of belonging to the Country did predict Fear to contagious diseases. Of note, no differences were found across countries during grief.

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