Children's Values, Social Support, Mother's Roles, and Psychosocial Stimulation in Boys and Girls

Psychosocial development is a developmental stage that every child will pass. This study aimed to analyze the influence of family and child characteristics, child value, social support, mother's involvement in psychosocial stimulation in boys and girls. The research design that was used in this study was a cross-sectional study. Site selection was chosen purposively, namely in the city of Medan. Research locations were in two villages, namely Kota Maksum, Medan Labuhan Subdistrict and Kota Besar Village, Medan Area District. The sample pulling technique uses simple random sampling with a sample of mothers who have children aged 2-3 years and come from a complete family of 150 people. Respondents interviewed with the questionnaire were mothers. Correlation test results showed a significant positive relationship between maternal age, children's values, dimensions of psychological value and dimensions of economic value, social support, dimensions of information support and dimensions of reward support, and mothers' role in care with psychosocial stimulation.

The The Correlation between Family Characteristics and Husband and Wife Interaction during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Pandemics not only can facilitate a special space for husband-wife and child relationships but also a significant stressor for most husbands and wives and children. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family characteristics and husband-wife interactions during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional study design and conducted in June-November 2020. The respondent in this study was a wife from an intact family who has elementary school–senior high school-age children (SD-SMA). The number of respondents in this study was 452 respondents. Data collection in this study was carried out using google form. Based on the research result, the highest means of index owned by the love dimension and the smallest index owned by respect's dimension. There are significant differences between HEL wife and LEL wife in love dimension, respect dimensions, and a total of husband-wife interaction. The correlation test shows that there is a significant negative correlation between husband's age, wife's age, and the number of children with husband-wife interaction. Furthermore, the correlation test also shows that the husband's income positively correlates with husband-wife interaction. This study concludes that women's higher education and husband's high income can make husband and wife interaction better.

The Competencies of Daycare Caregivers in Building Interaction and Attachment with Children to Optimize Their Cognitive Development

Families whose parents are both working have limited time in nurturing their children. This circumstance makes parents, especially mothers, alternate parenting to the babysitter or caring institution called daycare. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of children's characteristics, caregiver-child interaction, and attachment with the cognitive development of preschool children in daycare. This study used a cross-sectional study design with the daycare (TPA) selection as the research location carried out purposively located in the buffer areas of the capital city of DKI Jakarta. Respondents in this study were 39 children aged 2.5-6.4 years with complete parents and 16 caregivers from four selected TPA who interacted with their children daily. Data was collected by means of in-depth observations to measure the interaction variables between caregivers and children. This study indicates a positive correlation between caregiver-child interaction and attachment with a child's cognitive development. This study also found a significant positive relationship between the caregivers-child interaction with caregivers-child attachments and a significant negative relationship between the child's age and the caregivers-child attachment. This shows that interaction, and attachment between caregivers and children are important factors that can improve cognitive development while in TPA.

Investigating the Quality of Life on Farmer Family: Roles of Gender Relations, Economic Pressure, Financial Management, and Livelihood Strategies

Indonesia as the largest tropical agricultural countries support natural conditions make Indonesia a country rich in agricultural products. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of economic pressures, financial management, gender relations, and livelihood strategies toward the farmer families quality of life. This research used a quantitative study design. The research took place in West Java. Sixty respondents were chosen from the farmer's wife that selected by using a simple random sampling. Data were collected directly using a structured questionnaire. Partial Least Square analyzed data. The results show that farmers' family economic pressure significantly affects livelihood strategy and quality of life, gender relations significantly affect livelihood strategy and financial management, and financial management significantly affects the quality of life. As suggestions, farmers families should further improve their livelihood strategies and financial management by understanding the importance of limited use of family resources. The implications for government are providing programs to improve quality of life, by forming cooperatives involving the role of farmers' wives.

Spatial Environment of Home, Stress Management, and Welfare of Family Living in Two-Level Marginal Regions

This study aims to analyze the home environment, stress management, and families' welfare in marginal areas. The study design was cross-sectional, and samples were selected by random cluster sampling, as many as 126 families consisting of 63 families from the very dense region (VDR> 200 people per Ha) and 63 families from a rather dense region (RDR, 121-160 people per Ha) in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The data were collected by interview using a questionnaire in March and April 2014 and analyzed using descriptive and comparison tests. The analysis showed that families in RDR had a lower density but had a higher crowd level than in VDR, so that families in RDR had to try harder to get non-physical privacy. RDR families had a higher source of stress, thus encouraging them to did more coping strategies. The analysis showed that families in RDR had higher objective well-being but lowered subjective welfare than families in VDR. Families in RDR had higher physical welfare and lowered social and psychological welfare than families in VDR. The research findings had implications for the importance of strengthening the family environment and developing research methodologies in the field of family ecology.

How Balinese Adolescents Perceived Romantic Relationship

The romantic relationship is an interesting topic to study because it emerges as an important part of adolescent development that becomes increasingly important in subsequent years of individual development. One of the limitations of research in this field is the difficulty of providing unique and standards definitions of romantic relationships due to cultural differences in conceptions and the differences within individuals from the same cultural group. This study aims to explore the concept of a romantic relationship from the perceptions of Balinese adolescents and terms that represent it that can be used as a basis to comprehend the dynamics of romantic relationships in Balinese culture nowadays. Two phases of the study conducted through survey and FGD. Balinese adolescents were aged 15-17 years old (n= 277). Through thematic analysis procedures, some emergent themes were identified as romantic relationship conceptualization. This relationship was conceptualized as an exclusive relationship, consisting of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor dimensions, and was represented by many terms. This study concluded that the concept of romantic relationships for each individual from the same cultural group could be perceived differently, leading to varied forms of adolescents' behavior.

Parents Emotional Parenting Practices and Self-Control Influence on Online Gaming Behavior in Male and Female Adolescents

Online gaming is an action of playing the game with multiple player using internet connection. This study aims to analyze parent's emotional parenting practice and adolescent self-control on online gaming behavior among adolescents. The population in this research are vocational high-school students in Bekasi City. The school used in this research is chosen purposively that is State Vocational High-school 2 in Bekasi City. After 204 adolescents chosen, non-proportional random sampling was conducted to 60 respondents as sample between 16 until 18 years old who enrolled in vocational high school in Bekasi city. Data were collected by questionnaire with self-report technique. Most of the male and female adolescent emotional parenting practices are in a low category. Most male adolescent self-control are in the low category and females are in the middle category. Female adolescent self-control is higher than male adolescent. Most of the respondents are in the low category of online gaming. Male adolescents have higher rate of online gaming than female adolescent. There's a negative correlation between age, sex difference, negative and self-control with online gaming. There are direct influence of self-control and positive indirect effect of emotional parenting practice through self-control to online gaming.

Peer Attachment, Fathering, Social Media Use and Perception of Premarital Sexual Attitude among Teenagers

This study aimed to analyze the links among peer attachment, fathering, social media use, and the perception of premarital sexual among adolescents. Two hundred and four high school (SMA) students and 114 Vocational High School (SMK) students voluntarily participated in this online survey. Results showed fathering was negatively associated with the perception of premarital sex among adolescents in which participants with positive experiences in fathering would report low score in perception of premarital sexual. On the other hand, social media use was significantly linked to the high score of perception of premarital sexual. Regression analysis indicated participants’ dating experience, lack of fathering experience and high social media use to be predictors for the perception of premarital sex among adolecscent.

The Effect of Work Demand, Role Conflict, and Role Ambiguity on Work-Family Conflict (Impact of Work From Home due to The Covid-19 Pandemic)

Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, this research's background was to break the chain of virus spread, and the government requires physical distancing. Working from home, which causes many employees to work from home, creates conflicts for married female workers. The research objective is to examine and analyze the direct effect of job demands, role conflict, role ambiguity on work-family conflicts. Data were obtained through questionnaires and submitted online to 100 married women who work in universities in East Java, Indonesia, both public and private, and then the analysis was carried out using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that all hypotheses were accepted, and the most dominant influence was role conflict on family-work conflicts. The conclusion is that married women experience many conflicts in carrying out their jobs because other demands must also be considered, namely the mother and wife's role.

Family Subjective Well-Being of Health Workers Women During The Covid-19 Pandemic

This survey research aims to analyze the factors that influence, as well as test differences in the subjective well-being of the families of women health workers during the Covid-19 pandemic, according to the two types of working time (Stable and shift). This study involved 110 families (47 stable and 63 shift working hours) from Jabodetabek area, which was selected by non-probability random sampling. Data were collected in April 2020. The results showed that women health workers with stable working hours had significantly higher subjective well-being, financial management, and marriage satisfaction, but otherwise had lower husband-wife interactions and work and family problems than women with shift working hours. The results of the main regression model showed that family well-being was influenced positively by coping strategies, marital satisfaction, and husband's education. Meanwhile, the derivative regression model that analyzes the variable components showed that family well-being was influenced positively by a component of marriage satisfaction, a component of family interaction, implementation of family time management, and husband's education; but negatively influenced by family income and husband's age. In general, the family of women health workers during the Covid-19 pandemic was expected to develop various efforts to increase marriage satisfaction and the family's subjective well-being.