scholarly journals A new eco-friendly and low cost additive in water based drilling fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Emine Yalman ◽  
Tolga Depci ◽  
Gabriella Federer-Kovacs ◽  
Hani Al Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Behaviour ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Flow Behaviour Index ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behaviour Index

This study investigates the possibility of using rice husk ash as an additive to develop an environmentally friendly and low-cost drilling fluid system. The rice husk ash was added as an additive to water-based bentonite drilling fluids at different concentrations ranging from 2 wt% to 15 wt%. Rheological and filtration properties of each drilling fluid developed were measured by using a viscometer and standard low-pressure low-temperature filter press. Subsequently, cutting carrying index, minimum annulus velocity required to clean bottom of the well efficiently, flow behaviour index and permeability of mud cakes of the formulated systems were calculated in order to assess performance of the systems. The results demonstrated that the rheological and properties were improved depending on concentration of rice husk ash introduced. With the introduction of 15 wt% concentration of rice husk ash, while apparent viscosity and yield point increased by 60% and 183%, respectively, thixotropy and plastic viscosity decreased by 29% and 63%, respectively. On the other hand, drilling fluid with 4% wt% content of rice husk ash reduced the fluid loss by 10%. Moreover, results showed that cutting carrying index, minimum annulus velocity required to clean bottom of the well efficiently and flow behaviour index of the enhanced with the exploitation of rice husk ash in the drilling fluid. This study showed that rice husk ash as a promising additive to use in the water-based bentonite drilling fluids when properly implemented, and hence reducing the impact on the environment, and the total cost for drilling.

Heat Moisture Modified Rice Flours as Additive in Drilling Fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Bunyami Shafie ◽  
Lee Huei Hong ◽  
Phene Neoh Pei Nee ◽  
Fatin Hana Naning ◽  
Tze Jin Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Rice Flours

Drilling mud is a dense, viscous fluid mixture used in oil and gas drilling operations to bring rock cuttings to the earth's surface from the boreholes as well as to lubricate and cool the drill bit. Water-based mud is commonly used due to its relatively inexpensive and easy to dispose of. However, several components and additives in the muds become increasingly cautious and restricted. Starch was introduced as a safe and biodegradable additive into the water-based drilling fluid, in line with an environmental health concern. In this study, the suitability of four local rice flours and their heat moistures derivatives to be incorporated in the formulation of water-based drilling fluid was investigated. They were selected due to their natural amylose contents (waxy, low, intermediate, and high). They were also heat moisture treated to increase their amylose contents. Results showed that the addition of the rice flours into water-based mud significantly reduced the density, viscosity, and filtrate volume. However, the gel strength of the mud was increased. The rice flours, either native or heat moisture treated, could serve as additives to provide a variety of low cost and environmentally friendly drilling fluids to be incorporated and fitted into different drilling activity.

scholarly journals Utilization of Steel-Making Dust in Drilling Fluids Formulations

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Musaab I. Magzoub ◽  
Mohamed H. Ibrahim ◽  
Mustafa S. Nasser ◽  
Muftah H. El-Naas ◽  
Mahmood Amani
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
By Products

Steelmaking is an energy-intensive process that generates considerable amounts of by-products and wastes, which often pose major environmental and economic challenges to the steel-making industry. One of these by-products is steel dust that is produced during the separation of impurities in the smelting and refining of metals in steel-making furnaces. In this study, electric arc furnace (EAF) dust has been evaluated as a potential, low-cost additive to increase the viscosity and weight of drilling muds. Currently, the cost of drilling operations typically accounts for 50 to 80% of the exploration costs and about 30 to 80% of the subsequent field development costs. Utilization of steelmaking waste in drilling fluids formulations is aimed to produce new and optimized water-based drilling formulations, which is expected to reduce the amount of bentonite and other viscosifier additives used in the drilling formulations. The results showed that in a typical water-based drilling fluid of 8.6 ppg (1030.51 kg/m3), the amount of standard drilling grade bentonite could be reduced by 30 wt.% with the addition of the proposed new additive to complete the required mud weight. The mixture proved to be stable with no phase separation.

Effect of Ferric Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Iraqi Bentonite Performance in Water Based Drilling Fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Ghofran F. Al-Ghanimi ◽  
Nada S. Al-Zubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Impact

In oil and gas industry, the nanotechnology has been applied in different fields. Reservoir, exploration, drilling, completion, production, processing, and refinery are nanotechnology applications fields. Nanoparticles materials are one of the areas that are utilized in preparing drilling fluids. These nanomaterials are used to formulate high performance drilling fluids. In other words, these nano particles materials can be used to design smart drilling fluids. The properties of these drilling fluids can be met the well conditions requirements. The aim of this study is to enhance the performance of Iraqi bentonite in drilling fluids using nanomaterials. Iraqi calcium montmorillonite clay (Ca- bentonite) from Wadi Bashera in Iraqi Western Desert was obtained and studied in order to use it as an alternative active solid to the imported commercial bentonite. Water based drilling fluids were prepared with 3, 6, and 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. Mgnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with different concentrations were used. The experimental work showed that, MgO NPs resulted in a significant increase in the rheological properties of drilling fluids prepared with 3 and 6 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. In contrast,  moderate effect on the rheological properties of drilling fluid prepared with 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite were obtained with low concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs. Basically drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite had extreme filtrate volume compared with API specifications and poor controlling to filtration properties were obtained with MgO NPs and Fe2O3 NPs additions. The impact of these two nanomaterials was revealed on the stability of drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite, where an enhancemment from 65 % to 100% was observed.

scholarly journals Prevention of Barite Sag in Water-Based Drilling Fluids by A Urea-Based Additive for Drilling Deep Formations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelmjeed Mohamed ◽  
Saad Al-Afnan ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Ibnelwaleed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Base Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Barite sag is a challenging phenomenon encountered in deep drilling with barite-weighted fluids and associated with fluid stability. It can take place in vertical and directional wells, whether in dynamic or static conditions. In this study, an anti-sagging urea-based additive was evaluated to enhance fluid stability and prevent solids sag in water-based fluids to be used in drilling, completion, and workover operations. A barite-weighted drilling fluid, with a density of 15 ppg, was used with the main drilling fluid additives. The ratio of the urea-based additive was varied in the range 0.25–3.0 vol.% of the total base fluid. The impact of this anti-sagging agent on the sag tendency was evaluated at 250 °F using vertical and inclined sag tests. The optimum concentration of the anti-sagging agent was determined for both vertical and inclined wells. The effect of the urea-additive on the drilling fluid rheology was investigated at low and high temperatures (80 °F and 250 °F). Furthermore, the impact of the urea-additive on the filtration performance of the drilling fluid was studied at 250 °F. Adding the urea-additive to the drilling fluid improved the stability of the drilling fluid, as indicated by a reduction in the sag factor. The optimum concentration of this additive was found to be 0.5–1.0 vol.% of the base fluid. This concentration was enough to prevent barite sag in both vertical and inclined conditions at 250 °F, with a sag factor of around 0.5. For the optimum concentration, the yield point and gel strength (after 10 s) were improved by around 50% and 45%, respectively, while both the plastic viscosity and gel strength (after 10 min) were maintained at the desired levels. Moreover, the anti-sagging agent has no impact on drilling fluid density, pH, or filtration performance.

scholarly journals Wet Drilled Cuttings Bed Rheology

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Camilo Pedrosa ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Jan David Ytrehus
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Cuttings Bed

The cuttings transport efficiency of various drilling fluids has been studied in several approaches. This is an important aspect, since hole cleaning is often a bottleneck in well construction. The studies so far have targeted the drilling fluid cuttings’ transport capability through experiments, simulations or field data. Observed differences in the efficiency due to changes in the drilling fluid properties and compositions have been reported but not always fully understood. In this study, the cuttings bed, wetted with a single drilling fluid, was evaluated. The experiments were performed with parallel plates in an Anton Paar Physica 301 rheometer. The results showed systematic differences in the internal friction behaviors between tests of beds with oil-based and beds with water-based fluids. The observations indicated that cutting beds wetted with a polymeric water-based fluid released clusters of particles when external forces overcame the bonding forces and the beds started to break up. Similarly, it was observed that an oil-based fluid wetted bed allowed particles to break free as single particles. These findings may explain the observed differences in previous cutting transport studies.

The Influence of Sewage Fat Composition on Rheological Behavior of Metal Injection Moulding

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azriszul Mohd Amin ◽  
Mohd Halim Irwan Ibrahim ◽  
Rosli Asmawi ◽  
Najwa Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Rheological Characteristic ◽  
Flow Behaviour ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Metal Injection Moulding ◽  
Flow Behaviour Index ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Behaviour Index

Influence of sewage ratio or Fat Oil Grease (FOG) on the feedstock rheological characteristic for optimal binder formulation in metal injection moulding is evaluated besides Polypropylene (PP) as a backbone binder. Powder loading of 62% of water atomised SS316L being used here to determine the possibility of the best binder formulation which could be optimised for optimal powder loading base on rheological characteristic analysis. Two binder formulations of PP to SF being selected here are 60/40, 50/50 and 40/60 accordingly with the powder loading of 62% each binder formulation. The analysis will be base on viscosity, shear rate, temperature, activation energy, flow behaviour index and moldability index. It is found that from rheological result views, binder with composition of 60/40 and 50/50 exhibit pseudoplastic behaviour or shear thinning where the viscosity decrease with increasing shear rate. For 40/60 binder ratio is not suitable since the behaviour of the flow indicates dilatants behaviour. After considering all the criteria in terms of flow behaviour index, activation energy, viscosity and mouldability index, binder with ratio of 60/40 is evolve as a good selections.

Annular Frictional Pressure Losses During Drilling—Predicting the Effect of Drillstring Rotation

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Unstable Flow ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Shear Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

Controlling the annular frictional pressure losses is important in order to drill safely with overpressure without fracturing the formation. To predict these pressure losses, however, is not straightforward. First of all, the pressure losses depend on the annulus eccentricity. Moving the drillstring to the wall generates a wider flow channel in part of the annulus which reduces the frictional pressure losses significantly. The drillstring motion itself also affects the pressure loss significantly. The drillstring rotation, even for fairly small rotation rates, creates unstable flow and sometimes turbulence in the annulus even without axial flow. Transversal motion of the drillstring creates vortices that destabilize the flow. Consequently, the annular frictional pressure loss is increased even though the drilling fluid becomes thinner because of added shear rate. Naturally, the rheological properties of the drilling fluid play an important role. These rheological properties include more properties than the viscosity as measured by API procedures. It is impossible to use the same frictional pressure loss model for water based and oil based drilling fluids even if their viscosity profile is equal because of the different ways these fluids build viscosity. Water based drilling fluids are normally constructed as a polymer solution while the oil based are combinations of emulsions and dispersions. Furthermore, within both water based and oil based drilling fluids there are functional differences. These differences may be sufficiently large to require different models for two water based drilling fluids built with different types of polymers. In addition to these phenomena washouts and tool joints will create localised pressure losses. These localised pressure losses will again be coupled with the rheological properties of the drilling fluids. In this paper, all the above mentioned phenomena and their consequences for annular pressure losses will be discussed in detail. North Sea field data is used as an example. It is not straightforward to build general annular pressure loss models. This argument is based on flow stability analysis and the consequences of using drilling fluids with different rheological properties. These different rheological properties include shear dependent viscosity, elongational viscosity and other viscoelastic properties.

ENVIRONMENTAL DRILLING SOLUTIONS ON THE POLYMERIC BASIS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Flik ◽  
◽  
Y.E. Kolodyazhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Water Based

The article assesses the environmental safety of drilling fluids that are currently widely used in the oil and gas industry. It shows active development of water-based drilling fluid systems using xanthan biopolymer.

Full Scale Flow Loop Experiments of Hole Cleaning Performances of Drilling Fluids

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Sneha Sayindla ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Benjamin Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Section ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Performance ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Drilling Cost

One important requirement for a drilling fluid is the ability to transport the cuttings out of the borehole. Improved hole cleaning is a key to solve several challenges in the drilling industry and will allow both longer wells and improved quality of well construction. It has been observed, however, that drilling fluids with similar properties according to the API standard can have significantly different behavior with respect to hole cleaning performance. The reasons for this are not fully understood. This paper presents results from flow loop laboratory tests without and with injected cuttings size particles using a base oil and a commercial oil based drilling fluid. The results demonstrate the importance of the rheological properties of the fluids for the hole cleaning performance. A thorough investigation of the viscoelastic properties of the fluids was performed with a Fann viscometer and a Paar-Physica rheometer, and was used to interpret the results from the flow loop experiments. Improved understanding of the fluid properties relevant to hole cleaning performance will help develop better models of wellbore hydraulics used in planning of well operations. Eventually this may lead to higher ROP with water based drilling fluids as obtained with oil based drilling fluids. This may ease cuttings handling in many operations and thereby significantly reduce the drilling cost using (normally) more environmentally friendly fluids. The experiments have been conducted as part of an industry-sponsored research project where understanding the hole cleaning performance of various oil and water based drilling fluids is the aim. The experiments have been performed under realistic conditions. The flow loop includes a 10 meter long test section with 2″ OD freely rotating drillstring inside a 4″ ID wellbore made of concrete. Sand particles were injected while circulating the drilling fluid through the test section in horizontal position.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Barite and Hematite on the Rheology of Water-Based Drilling Mud

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osei H
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

High demand for oil and gas has led to exploration of more petroleum resources even at remote areas. The petroleum resources are found in deeper subsurface formations and drilling into such formations requires a well-designed drilling mud with suitable rheological properties in order to avoid or reduce associated drilling problems. This is because rheological properties of drilling muds have considerable effect on the drilling operation and cleaning of the wellbore. Mud engineers therefore use mud additives to influence the properties and functions of the drilling fluid to obtain the desired drilling mud properties especially rheological properties. This study investigated and compared the impact of barite and hematite as weighting agents for water-based drilling muds and their influence on the rheology. Water-based muds of different concentrations of weighting agents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the total weight of the drilling mud) were prepared and their rheological properties determined at an ambient temperature of 24ᵒC to check their impact on drilling operation. The results found hematite to produce higher mud density, plastic viscosity, gel strength and yield point when compared to barite at the same weighting concentrations. The higher performance of the hematite-based muds might be attributed to it having higher specific gravity, better particle distribution and lower particle attrition rate and more importantly being free from contaminants. The water-based muds with hematite will therefore be more promising drilling muds with higher drilling and hole cleaning efficiency than those having barite.

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