Evaluation of Short Term Fluoride Release from Fluoride Varnishes

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ritwik ◽  
JD Aubel ◽  
X Xu ◽  
Y Fan ◽  
J Hagan
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Time Point

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of fluoride release from fluoride varnishes over a 48-hour period and ascertain the time at which a plateau occurred. This data provides clinically relevant time points to resume tooth brushing after fluoride varnish application. Study design: Four commercially available fluoride varnishes, Premier Enamel ProVarnish (EP), Colgate PreviDent (CP), Omni Vanish (OV) and Omni VanishXT (OVXT) were applied on 40 extracted permanent human teeth. Ten teeth served as controls. The teeth were immersed in artificial saliva. At 1,2,4,8,12,24 and 48 hours, the teeth were sequentially transferred to new vials. TISAB III and ion selective electrode was used to measure fluoride release. Statistical tools were used to compare the rates of fluoride release and plateau of fluoride release. Results: CP, EP and OV showed a plateau of fluoride release after 4 hours. OVXT did not show a significant change in fluoride release at any time point. EP had the highest fluoride release in the first 8 hours. Conclusions: CP, EP and OV released maximum rate of fluoride release in the first 4 hours whereas OVXT did not have a plateau. The studied varnishes released different concentrations of fluoride despite the fact that they all contained 5% sodium fluoride.

scholarly journals Fluoride Release from Fluoride Varnishes under Acidic Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lippert
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Acid Ph ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Acidic Conditions

Objective: The aim was to investigate the in vitro fluoride release from fluoride varnishes under acidic conditions. Study design: Poly(methyl methacrylate) blocks (Perspex, n=3 per group) were painted with 80±5 mg fluoride varnish (n=10) and placed into artificial saliva for 30min. Then, blocks were placed into either 1% citric acid (pH 2.27) or 0.3% citric acid (pH 3.75) solutions (n=3 per solution and varnish) for 30min with the solutions being replaced every 5min. Saliva and acid solutions were analyzed for fluoride content. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA (varnish, solution, time). Results: The three-way interaction was significant (p>0.0001). Fluoride release and release patterns varied considerably between varnishes. Fluoride release in saliva varied by a factor of more than 10 between varnishes. Some varnishes (CavityShield, Nupro, ProFluorid, Vanish) showed higher fluoride release in saliva than during the first 5min of acid exposure, whereas other varnishes (Acclean, Enamel-Pro, MI Varnish, Vella) showed the opposite behavior. There was little difference between acidic solutions. Conclusions: Fluoride release from fluoride varnishes varies considerably and also depends on the dissolution medium. Bearing in mind the limitations of laboratory research, the consumption of acidic drinks after fluoride varnish application should be avoided to optimize the benefit/risk ratio.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Fluoride Release of Silver Diamine Fluoride, Fluoride Varnish, Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Gel on Extracted Teeth over Various Time Intervals in Artificial Saliva

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Taniya Thakur ◽  
Pratik Kumar Lahiri ◽  
Madhumanti Karmakar ◽  
Bhumi Sarvaiya ◽  
Piyali Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 2

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has been documented to effectively arrest dental caries and reduce dental hypersensitivity. SDF promotes remineralization and harden the carious lesion. SDF increases fluoride concentration in saliva and increase the bioavailability of fluoride in saliva. After SDF application, fluoride ion promotes remineralization and silver ion is available for antimicrobial action. Aim: The study aims to determine and compare the amount of fluoride released from various fluoride releasing materials in artificial saliva after 24 hours, 7th day and 14th day of the study. Materials and Methods: 96 premolars free of any caries, fractures, or any other defects were sterilized in 10% formalin for 2 weeks. Then they were rinsed in tap water to remove any fixative from its surface and then stored in deionised distilled water for a period of 30 days prior to testing. Tooth samples were divided into four groups- Group 1: 38% SDF, Group 2: 1.23% APF gel, Group 3: Fluoride varnish and Group 4: Control. All the teeth specimens were blot dried and subjected to their respective material. Fluoride release was analysed using a Fluoride ion-selective electrode after 24 hours, 7days and 14 days of suspension in artificial saliva. Results: Mann-Whitney U Test for inter-group comparison was used for statistical evaluation. 24 Hours fluoride release: The maximum amount of fluoride was released from Fluoride Varnish followed by SDF then APF Gel and least by artificial saliva alone (control) (p<0.001). 7th Day fluoride release: The maximum amount of fluoride was released from SDF followed by Fluoride Varnish then APF Gel and least by artificial saliva alone (control) (p<0.001). 14th Day fluoride release: The maximum amount of fluoride was released from Fluoride Varnish followed by SDF then APF Gel and least by artificial saliva alone (control) (p<0.001).

scholarly journals Orthodontic cements: immediate protection and fluoride release

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. e1-e5
Author(s):  
Rogério Lacerda dos Santos ◽  
Matheus Melo Pithon ◽  
Júlia Barbosa Pereira Leonardo ◽  
Edna Lúcia Couto Oberosler ◽  
Delmo Santiago Vaitsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Group V ◽  
Cem Cement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uptake And Release

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the authors was to evaluate fluoride release of 3 glass ionomer cements with immediate protection of fluoride varnish (Cavitine, SS White), divided into 3 groups: Group M (Meron, VOCO), Group V (Vidrion C, SS White) and Group KC (Ketac-Cem, 3M ESPE). METHODS: Fluoride release was measured during 60 days by means of an ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. After 4 weeks, the test specimens were exposed to a solution of 0.221% sodium fluoride (1000 ppm of fluoride). RESULTS: Results showed that the cements reached a maximum peak of fluoride release in a period of 24 h. There was a statistically significant difference between the amount of fluoride released after the applications of fluoride among the groups from the 31st to 60th day (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Vidrion C and Meron cements showed better performance to uptake and release fluoride when compared with Ketac-Cem cement.

Optimization of fluoride release by addition of flavor oils in fast release fluoride varnish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Geraldine ◽  
Dhea Putriani ◽  
Heri Hermansyah ◽  
Yosi K. Eriwati
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Fast Release ◽  
Flavor Oils

Substantive Fluoride Release from a New Fluoride Varnish Containing CXP

Dentistry ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Milburn ◽  
Lori E Henrichs
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Fluoride Release

scholarly journals Virus isolation studies suggest short-term variations in abundance in natural cyanophage populations of the Indian Ocean

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha R.J. Clokie ◽  
Andrew D. Millard ◽  
Jaytry Y. Mehta ◽  
Nicholas H. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Long Timescales ◽  
Time Point

Cyanophage abundance has been shown to fluctuate over long timescales and with depth, but little is known about how it varies over short timescales. Previous short-term studies have relied on counting total virus numbers and therefore the phages which infect cyanobacteria cannot be distinguished from the total count.In this study, an isolation-based approach was used to determine cyanophage abundance from water samples collected over a depth profile for a 24 h period from the Indian Ocean. Samples were used to infect Synechococcus sp. WH7803 and the number of plaque forming units (pfu) at each time point and depth were counted. At 10 m phage numbers were similar for most time-points, but there was a distinct peak in abundance at 0100 hours. Phage numbers were lower at 25 m and 50 m and did not show such strong temporal variation. No phages were found below this depth. Therefore, we conclude that only the abundance of phages in surface waters showed a clear temporal pattern over a short timescale. Fifty phages from a range of depths and time points were isolated and purified. The molecular diversity of these phages was estimated using a section of the phage-encoded psbD gene and the results from a phylogenetic analysis do not suggest that phages from the deeper waters form a distinct subgroup.

scholarly journals A Multi-Year Examination of Gardening Experience and Fruit and Vegetable Intake During College

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Staub ◽  
Sarah E. Colby ◽  
Melissa D. Olfert ◽  
Kendra Kattelmann ◽  
Wenjun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Locally Grown ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Time Point

Gardening has been positively associated with fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption based on short-term studies among children, but long-term data among adolescents and young adults are lacking. This investigation sought to elucidate the association between gardening experience and FV intake among college students over a two-year period. Students (N = 593) from eight universities were assessed at the end of their freshman (Y1) and sophomore (Y2) years during the springs of 2016 and 2017, respectively. At each time point, participants completed the NCI FV Screener and questions related to gardening experience and FV-related attitudes and behaviors. Students were then categorized into four groups based on gardening experience: Gardened only during the first or second year (Y1 only and Y2 only gardeners), gardened both years (Y1+Y2 gardeners), and non-gardeners. While both Y1 only and Y1+Y2 gardeners reported significantly higher FV intake relative to non-gardeners at Y1 (2.3 ± 0.9 and 2.6 ± 0.7 versus 1.9 ± 0.6 cup equivalents (CE)/day, respectively; p < 0.01), only Y1+Y2 gardeners differed from non-gardeners at Y2 (2.4 ± 0.6 versus 1.8 ± 0.5 CE/day; p < 0.001). Additionally, Y1+Y2 gardeners reported more frequent engagement of several FV-related behaviors, including shopping at farmers’ markets, eating locally grown foods, and cooking from basic ingredients; and were five times more likely to have gardened during childhood (OR: 5.2, 95%, CI: 3.5–8.8; p < 0.001). Findings suggest that while isolated gardening experiences during college are associated with FV intake, reoccurring experience may be essential for sustained benefit.

Short-term exercise improves myocardial tolerance to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion in the rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2205-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydar A. Demirel ◽  
Scott K. Powers ◽  
Murat A. Zergeroglu ◽  
R. Andrew Shanely ◽  
Karyn Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term

These experiments examined the independent effects of short-term exercise and heat stress on myocardial responses during in vivo ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 mo old) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: 1) control, 2) 3 consecutive days of treadmill exercise [60 min/day at 60–70% maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max)], 3) 5 consecutive days of treadmill exercise (60 min/day at 60–70%V˙o 2 max), and 4) whole body heat stress (15 min at 42°C). Twenty-four hours after heat stress or exercise, animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, and the chest was opened by thoracotomy. Coronary occlusion was maintained for 30-min followed by a 30-min period of reperfusion. Compared with control, both heat-stressed animals and exercised animals (3 and 5 days) maintained higher ( P < 0.05) left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximum rate of left venticular pressure development (+dP/d t), and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (−dP/d t) at all measurement periods during both ischemia and reperfusion. No differences existed between heat-stressed and exercise groups in LVDP, +dP/d t, and −dP/d t at any time during ischemia or reperfusion. Both heat stress and exercise resulted in an increase ( P < 0.05) in the relative levels of left ventricular heat shock protein 72 (HSP72). Furthermore, exercise (3 and 5 days) increased ( P < 0.05) myocardial glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase activity. These data indicate that 3–5 consecutive days of exercise improves myocardial contractile performance during in vivo I/R and that this exercise-induced myocardial protection is associated with an increase in both myocardial HSP72 and cardiac antioxidant defenses.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Fluoride Release From Chemically Cured and Light-Cured Orthodontic Bonding Agents and Surface Alteration of Enamel: An in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Barik ◽  
Ritu Duggal
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
Bonding Agent ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Orthodontic Bonding ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Fluoride is known to reduce demineralization and enhance remineralization which is desirable around orthodontic brackets. Material and methods: This study was carried out to determine the rate of fluoride release, fluoride content of enamel, and surface alteration of enamel from orthodontic bonding agents. Thirty extracted maxillary first premolars were divided into 2 groups of 15 teeth each. Group A—teeth were bonded with a chemically cured orthodontic bonding agent containing fluoride (Rely-a-Bond, Reliance, Itasca) and group B—teeth were bonded with a light-cured orthodontic bonding agent containing fluoride (Light Bond Reliance, Itasca). All individual sample teeth were used to estimate fluoride release and fluoride content of enamel. The same samples were also used to evaluate enamel surface alterations. The rate of fluoride release from the above 2 orthodontic bonding agents were measured in artificial saliva on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. The fluoride content of the enamel was evaluated on day “0” and day “90” of bonding. The samples were also evaluated for the surface changes in enamel using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The results showed that (a) chemically cured and light-cured bonding agent showed a dramatic decrease in the concentration of fluoride release from day “1” to day “2,” (b) the concentration of fluoride release kept decreasing from day “1” to day “90” of measurement in both the groups, and (c) SEM of the bracket margins bonded with chemically cured bonding agent and light-cured bonding agent revealed particle depositions of irregular shape and size on day “90.” Conclusion: Light-cured bonding agent (Light Bond) released higher concentration of fluoride as compared to chemically cured bonding agent (Rely-a-Bond). Light-cured bonding agent (Light Bond) showed higher increase in fluoride content of enamel than chemically cured bonding agent (Rely-a-Bond).

scholarly journals A Study of Investors’ Preference towards Mutual Funds in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Rajan Bilas Bajracharya ◽  
Rushil Bhakta Mathema
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Money Market ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A Mutual Fund is an investment vehicle that pools funds from various investors and invests the funds in stocks, bonds, short-term money-market instruments, other securities or assets or some combination of these investments. The primary goal behind investment in mutual fund is to earn goods return with comparatively low risk. The main objective of this research is to identify investors’ preference towards mutual fund in Kathmandu metropolitan city. By using in structured questionnaire, Description statistical tools like chi-square test have been used for analyzing the data. The findings from this research are that the most of the investors are doubtful to invest the new age investment like mutual funds.

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