scholarly journals Annexins and their role in the control of symbioses development of plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Anatolyevna Dolgikh ◽  
Darya Vladimirovna Kustova
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Cellular Processes

Annexins belong to the superfamily of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. The participation of these proteins in the regulation of structural organization of membranes, vesicular transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways is important for many cellular processes. Despite the structural similarity with animal annexins, plant annexins are characterized by significant variability of the N-terminal region and modification of calcium-binding motifs in II and III repeats, while calcium-binding motifs in I and IV repetitions remain conservative. However, the physiological role of animal and plant annexins, as well as mechanisms of their influence on calcium metabolism, may be similar. This review focused on the latest data about the structure and functioning of plant annexins.

Strigolactones: a new musician in the orchestra of plant hormones

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 827-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Kohlen ◽  
Carolien Ruyter-Spira ◽  
Harro J. Bouwmeester
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Branching Factor

Strigolactones are known as germination stimulants for seeds of root parasitic plants of the Orobanchaceae and as the presymbiotic branching factor for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. They were also recently identified as a new class of plant hormones and have been the subject of many studies, leading to much advancement in our knowledge of how these molecules are involved in controlling plant development. In the first place, this concerns their role in the inhibition of shoot branching, but a number of studies have also revealed a role for strigolactones in shaping root system architecture or have suggested involvement of strigolactones in seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, and reproductive development. In all these studies, the interaction of strigolactones with other plant hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid, and ethylene is becoming clear. In this review we discuss the progress over the past 5 years in our understanding of the physiological role of strigolactones in the regulation of plant development.

scholarly journals Interphotoreceptor coupling: an evolutionary perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cangiano ◽  
Sabrina Asteriti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the vertebrate retina, signals generated by cones of different spectral preference and by highly sensitive rod photoreceptors interact at various levels to extract salient visual information. The first opportunity for such interaction is offered by electrical coupling of the photoreceptors themselves, which is mediated by gap junctions located at the contact points of specialised cellular processes: synaptic terminals, telodendria and radial fins. Here, we examine the evolutionary pressures for and against interphotoreceptor coupling, which are likely to have shaped how coupling is deployed in different species. The impact of coupling on signal to noise ratio, spatial acuity, contrast sensitivity, absolute and increment threshold, retinal signal flow and colour discrimination is discussed while emphasising available data from a variety of vertebrate models spanning from lampreys to primates. We highlight the many gaps in our knowledge, persisting discrepancies in the literature, as well as some major unanswered questions on the actual extent and physiological role of cone-cone, rod-cone and rod-rod communication. Lastly, we point toward limited but intriguing evidence suggestive of the ancestral form of coupling among ciliary photoreceptors.

Structure, Function, Involvement in Diseases and Targeting of 14-3-3 Proteins: An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylenia Cau ◽  
Daniela Valensin ◽  
Mattia Mori ◽  
Sara Draghi ◽  
Maurizio Botta
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Protein Partners ◽  
High Sequence Homology ◽  
Small Molecule Modulators

14-3-3 is a class of proteins able to interact with a multitude of targets by establishing protein-protein interactions (PPIs). They are usually found in all eukaryotes with a conserved secondary structure and high sequence homology among species. 14-3-3 proteins are involved in many physiological and pathological cellular processes either by triggering or interfering with the activity of specific protein partners. In the last years, the scientific community has collected many evidences on the role played by seven human 14-3-3 isoforms in cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, these proteins regulate the molecular mechanisms associated to these diseases by interacting with (i) oncogenic and (ii) pro-apoptotic proteins and (iii) with proteins involved in Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. The discovery of small molecule modulators of 14-3-3 PPIs could facilitate complete understanding of the physiological role of these proteins, and might offer valuable therapeutic approaches for these critical pathological states.

scholarly journals The calcium-dependent ATP-Mg/Pi mitochondrial carrier is a target of glucose-induced calcium signalling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2005 ◽  
Vol 392 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Cavero ◽  
Javier Traba ◽  
Araceli Del Arco ◽  
Jorgina Satrústegui
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Calcium Signal ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier ◽  
Calcium Dependent

Sal1p is a mitochondrial protein that belongs to the SCaMC (short calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier) subfamily of mitochondrial carriers. The presence of calcium-binding motifs facing the extramitochondrial space allows the regulation of the transport activity of these carriers by cytosolic calcium and provides a new mechanism to transduce calcium signals in mitochondria without the requirement of calcium entry in the organelle. We have studied its transport activity, finding that it is a carboxyatractyloside-resistant ATP-Mg carrier. Mitochondria from a disruption mutant of SAL1 have a 50% reduction in the uptake of ATP. We have also found a clear stimulation of ATP-transport activity by calcium, with an S0.5 of approx. 30 μM. Our results also suggest that Sal1p is a target of the glucose-induced calcium signal which is non-essential in wild-type cells, but becomes essential for transport of ATP into mitochondria in yeast lacking ADP/ATP translocases.

SUBSTANTIATION OF NECESSITY OF APPLICATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOODSTUFFS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Н. КОРНЕН ◽  
С.А. КАЛМАНОВИЧ ◽  
Т.А. ШАХРАЙ ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Protective Fabrics ◽  
Technological University

Проведен анализ современных научных представлений о роли фосфолипидов (ФЛ) в обеспечении функционирования биомембран и их регуляторной функции в важнейших клеточных процессах. Из ФЛ состоит 50% печени, 1/3 мозговых изолирующих и защитных тканей, окружающих головной и спинной мозг. По рекомендациям РАМН, физиологическая потребность взрослого человека в ФЛ составляет 5–7 г/сут. Согласно проведенным исследованиям, в пищевом статусе населения РФ дефицит ФЛ составляет от 50 до 80%. Показано, что современный уровень знаний о физиологической роли ФЛ способствует созданию и внедрению в производство фосфолипидных продуктов на основе ФЛ и фосфолипидных БАД на основе растительных лецитинов, употребление которых может нормализовать пищевой статус. Дано описание фосфолипидных продуктов и БАД серии Тонус (Супер-Тонус, Фито-Тонус, Тонус-Плюс) и серии Витол (Витол, Витол-Холин и Витол-ФЭИ), разработанных учеными Кубанского государственного технологического университета. Показаны возможности применения растительных лецитинов, фосфолипидных продуктов и БАД на их основе в качестве многофункциональных рецептурных компонентов при производстве пищевых продуктов функционального и специализированного назначения. The analysis of modern scientific ideas about the role of phospholipids (FL) in ensuring the functioning of biomembranes and their regulatory function in the most important cellular processes is carried out. So, 50% of a liver, 1/3 brain isolating and protective fabrics surrounding a brain and spinal cord consist of FL. According to the recommendations of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the physiological need of an adult in FL is 5–7 g/day. According to the conducted studies, in the nutritional status of the Russian population, the deficit of FL is from 50 to 80%. It is shown that the current level of knowledge about the physiological role of FL contributes to the creation and introduction of phospholipid products based on FL and phospholipid supplements on the basis of vegetable lecithins, the use of which can normalize the nutritional status. The description of phospholipid products and dietary supplements developed by scientists of the Kuban State Technological University of the Tonus series (Super Tonus, Phyto Tonus, Tonus Plus) and the Vitol series (Vitol, Vitol Kholin and Vitol FEI) is given. The possibilities of using vegetable lecithins, phospholipid products and dietary supplements on their basis are shown as multifunctional prescription components in the production of functional and specialized food products.

scholarly journals The role of strigolactones in host specificity ofOrobancheandPhelipancheseed germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
Koichi Yoneyama ◽  
Diego Rubiales
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Germination Requirements

AbstractStrigolactones are apocarotenoids regulating shoot branching. They are also known to be exuded by plant roots at very low concentrations, stimulating hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic weed seeds. We show that strigolactones play a major role in host specificity ofOrobancheandPhelipanche(the broomrapes) seed germination. This observation confirms that host-derived germination stimulants are an important component determining the host specificity of these parasitic plants. Weedy broomrape species were less specialized in germination requirements than the non-weedy species except forO. cumanaandO. foetidavar.broteri. Similar results were obtained with the root exudates. Some species, such asP. aegyptiacaandO. minor, showed a broad spectrum of host specificity in terms of seed germination, which was stimulated by exudates from the majority of species tested, whereas others, such asO. cumana,O. hederaeandO. densiflora, were highly specific. Some species, such asO. minor,P. aegyptiacaandP. nana, were responsive to the three strigolactones studied, whereas others were induced by only one of them, or did not respond to them at all. The synthetic strigolactone analogue GR24, generally used as a standard for germination tests, was not effective on someOrobancheandPhelipanchespecies. Seeds of some species that did not respond to GR24 were induced to germinate in the presence of fabacyl acetate or strigol, confirming the role of strigolactones in host specificity.

scholarly journals Induction of Osmoregulation and Modulation of Salt Stress inAcacia gerrardiiBenth. by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi andBacillus subtilis(BERA 71)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
E. F. Abd_Allah ◽  
A. A. Alqarawi ◽  
A. A. Al-Huqail ◽  
M. A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Acacia Gerrardii

The role of soil microbiota in plant stress management, though speculated a lot, is still far from being completely understood. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine synergistic impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium,Bacillus subtilis(BERA 71), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Claroideoglomus etunicatum;Rhizophagus intraradices; andFunneliformis mosseae) to induce acquired systemic resistance in Talh tree (Acacia gerrardiiBenth.) against adverse impact of salt stress. Compared to the control, the BERA 71 treatment significantly enhanced root colonization intensity by AMF, in both presence and absence of salt. We also found positive synergistic interaction betweenB.subtilisand AMFvis-a-visimprovement in the nutritional value in terms of increase in total lipids, phenols, and fiber content. The AMF and BERA 71 inoculated plants showed increased content of osmoprotectants such as glycine, betaine, and proline, though lipid peroxidation was reduced probably as a mechanism of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the application of bioinoculants to Talh tree turned out to be potentially beneficial in ameliorating the deleterious impact of salinity on plant metabolism, probably by modulating the osmoregulatory system (glycine betaine, proline, and phenols) and antioxidant enzymes system (SOD, CAT, POD, GR, APX, DHAR, MDAHR, and GSNOR).

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