SUBSTANTIATION OF NECESSITY OF APPLICATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOODSTUFFS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Н. КОРНЕН ◽  
С.А. КАЛМАНОВИЧ ◽  
Т.А. ШАХРАЙ ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Protective Fabrics ◽  
Technological University

Проведен анализ современных научных представлений о роли фосфолипидов (ФЛ) в обеспечении функционирования биомембран и их регуляторной функции в важнейших клеточных процессах. Из ФЛ состоит 50% печени, 1/3 мозговых изолирующих и защитных тканей, окружающих головной и спинной мозг. По рекомендациям РАМН, физиологическая потребность взрослого человека в ФЛ составляет 5–7 г/сут. Согласно проведенным исследованиям, в пищевом статусе населения РФ дефицит ФЛ составляет от 50 до 80%. Показано, что современный уровень знаний о физиологической роли ФЛ способствует созданию и внедрению в производство фосфолипидных продуктов на основе ФЛ и фосфолипидных БАД на основе растительных лецитинов, употребление которых может нормализовать пищевой статус. Дано описание фосфолипидных продуктов и БАД серии Тонус (Супер-Тонус, Фито-Тонус, Тонус-Плюс) и серии Витол (Витол, Витол-Холин и Витол-ФЭИ), разработанных учеными Кубанского государственного технологического университета. Показаны возможности применения растительных лецитинов, фосфолипидных продуктов и БАД на их основе в качестве многофункциональных рецептурных компонентов при производстве пищевых продуктов функционального и специализированного назначения. The analysis of modern scientific ideas about the role of phospholipids (FL) in ensuring the functioning of biomembranes and their regulatory function in the most important cellular processes is carried out. So, 50% of a liver, 1/3 brain isolating and protective fabrics surrounding a brain and spinal cord consist of FL. According to the recommendations of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the physiological need of an adult in FL is 5–7 g/day. According to the conducted studies, in the nutritional status of the Russian population, the deficit of FL is from 50 to 80%. It is shown that the current level of knowledge about the physiological role of FL contributes to the creation and introduction of phospholipid products based on FL and phospholipid supplements on the basis of vegetable lecithins, the use of which can normalize the nutritional status. The description of phospholipid products and dietary supplements developed by scientists of the Kuban State Technological University of the Tonus series (Super Tonus, Phyto Tonus, Tonus Plus) and the Vitol series (Vitol, Vitol Kholin and Vitol FEI) is given. The possibilities of using vegetable lecithins, phospholipid products and dietary supplements on their basis are shown as multifunctional prescription components in the production of functional and specialized food products.

The role of vitamin A and its pro-vitamin carotenoids in fetal and neonatal programming: gaps in knowledge and metabolic pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita ◽  
Laís V Mennitti ◽  
Veridiana V de Rosso ◽  
Luciana P Pisani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract Vitamin A (VA) and its pro-vitamin carotenoids are naturally occurring lipophilic compounds involved in several cellular processes and metabolic pathways. Despite their broad spectrum of activities in the general population, dietary deficiencies of these compounds can potentially affect pregnancy outcomes. Since maternal nutritional status and diet composition during pregnancy and lactation can have long-lasting effects in offspring until adulthood, this study presents an overview of VA and the role of pro-VA carotenoids during pregnancy and lactation – the nutrition, metabolism, and biological effects in the offspring. The review aimed to discuss the pro-VA carotenoids and VA-associated pathways and summarize the results with reference to gestational disorders, and VA and pro-VA carotenoids as preventive agents. Also, considering that obesity, overweight, and metabolic diseases are major public health concerns worldwide, fetal and neonatal development is discussed, highlighting the physiological role of these molecules in obesity prevention. This review comprehensively summarizes the current data and shows the potential impact of these compounds on nutritional status in pregnancy and lactation.

scholarly journals Interphotoreceptor coupling: an evolutionary perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cangiano ◽  
Sabrina Asteriti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn the vertebrate retina, signals generated by cones of different spectral preference and by highly sensitive rod photoreceptors interact at various levels to extract salient visual information. The first opportunity for such interaction is offered by electrical coupling of the photoreceptors themselves, which is mediated by gap junctions located at the contact points of specialised cellular processes: synaptic terminals, telodendria and radial fins. Here, we examine the evolutionary pressures for and against interphotoreceptor coupling, which are likely to have shaped how coupling is deployed in different species. The impact of coupling on signal to noise ratio, spatial acuity, contrast sensitivity, absolute and increment threshold, retinal signal flow and colour discrimination is discussed while emphasising available data from a variety of vertebrate models spanning from lampreys to primates. We highlight the many gaps in our knowledge, persisting discrepancies in the literature, as well as some major unanswered questions on the actual extent and physiological role of cone-cone, rod-cone and rod-rod communication. Lastly, we point toward limited but intriguing evidence suggestive of the ancestral form of coupling among ciliary photoreceptors.

Structure, Function, Involvement in Diseases and Targeting of 14-3-3 Proteins: An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylenia Cau ◽  
Daniela Valensin ◽  
Mattia Mori ◽  
Sara Draghi ◽  
Maurizio Botta
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Protein Partners ◽  
High Sequence Homology ◽  
Small Molecule Modulators

14-3-3 is a class of proteins able to interact with a multitude of targets by establishing protein-protein interactions (PPIs). They are usually found in all eukaryotes with a conserved secondary structure and high sequence homology among species. 14-3-3 proteins are involved in many physiological and pathological cellular processes either by triggering or interfering with the activity of specific protein partners. In the last years, the scientific community has collected many evidences on the role played by seven human 14-3-3 isoforms in cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, these proteins regulate the molecular mechanisms associated to these diseases by interacting with (i) oncogenic and (ii) pro-apoptotic proteins and (iii) with proteins involved in Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. The discovery of small molecule modulators of 14-3-3 PPIs could facilitate complete understanding of the physiological role of these proteins, and might offer valuable therapeutic approaches for these critical pathological states.

scholarly journals Annexins and their role in the control of symbioses development of plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Anatolyevna Dolgikh ◽  
Darya Vladimirovna Kustova
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Cellular Processes

Annexins belong to the superfamily of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. The participation of these proteins in the regulation of structural organization of membranes, vesicular transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways is important for many cellular processes. Despite the structural similarity with animal annexins, plant annexins are characterized by significant variability of the N-terminal region and modification of calcium-binding motifs in II and III repeats, while calcium-binding motifs in I and IV repetitions remain conservative. However, the physiological role of animal and plant annexins, as well as mechanisms of their influence on calcium metabolism, may be similar. This review focused on the latest data about the structure and functioning of plant annexins.

PROSPECTS OF USING β-CAROTHENE IN PRODUCTION OF FOOD AND FODDER ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.В. КАЗАРЯН ◽  
М.В. ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО ◽  
А.С. БОРОДИХИН ◽  
С.А. КАЛМАНОВИЧ ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Current Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Β Carotene

Проведен анализ исследований, подтверждающих значимость физиологической роли β-каротина в организме человека. Показано, что β-каротин обладает радиопротекторными, иммуномодулирующими, антиоксидантными, антиканцерогенными, антимутагенными свойствами. Установлено, что современный уровень знаний о физиологической роли β-каротина в организме человека и животных способствует разработке и внедрению в производство содержащих β-каротин добавок: пищевых – для обогащения продуктов питания и кормовых – позволяющих получать животноводческую, в том числе мясную, молочную и яичную, продукцию высокого качества и пищевой ценности. Ключевые слова: физиологическая роль β-каротина, витамин А, пищевые добавки, кормовые добавки, обогащение продукта, повышение качества и пищевой ценности продукции животноводства и птицеводства. The analysis of domestic and foreign studies confirming the significant physiological role of β-carotene in humans has been carried out. It is shown that β-carotene has radioprotective, immunomodulating, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic and antimutagenic properties. It is established that current level of knowledge about the physiological role of β-carotene in humans and animals promotes the development and introduction into production of containing β-carotene additives: food – for the enrichment of food and fodder, which allow to receive livestock, including meat, dairy and egg products of high quality and nutritional value.

scholarly journals Protein Acetylation Induced by Dichloroacetate (DCA) Treatment is Associated with Decreased Respiration in Cultured Hepatocytes: Preliminary Results

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse G. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Protein Acetylation ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Genetic Perturbations

AbstractProtein post-translational modification (PTM) by acetylation at the ε-amine on lysine residues in proteins regulates various cellular processes including transcription and metabolism. Several metabolic and genetic perturbations are known to increase acetylation of various proteins. Hyper-acetylation can also be induced using deacetylase inhibitors. While there is much interest in discovering drugs that can reverse protein acetylation, pharmacological tools that increase non-enzymatic protein acetylation are needed in order to understand the physiological role of excess protein acetylation. In this study, I assessed whether inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) could cause protein hyper-acetylation due to excess production of acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Western blot of total protein from dichloroacetate (DCA) treated hepatocytes with anti-acetyl-lysine antibody showed increased protein acetylation, and seahorse respirometry of DCA pretreated hepatocytes indicated a subtle decrease in basal and maximal respiratory capacity.

The NAD Kinase Slr0400 Functions as a Growth Repressor in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuma Ishikawa ◽  
Cedric Cassan ◽  
Aikeranmu Kadeer ◽  
Koki Yuasa ◽  
Nozomu Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Nad Kinase ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract NADP+, the phosphorylated form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), plays an essential role in many cellular processes. NAD kinase (NADK), which is conserved in all living organisms, catalyzes the phosphorylation of NAD+ to NADP+. However, the physiological role of phosphorylation of NAD+ to NADP+ in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis remains unclear. In this study, we report that slr0400, an NADK-encoding gene in Synechocystis, functions as a growth repressor under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions and light and dark cycle conditions in the presence of glucose. We show, via characterization of NAD(P)(H) content and enzyme activity, that NAD+ accumulation in slr0400-deficient mutant results in the unsuppressed activity of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes. In determining whether Slr0400 functions as a typical NADK, we found that constitutive expression of slr0400 in an Arabidopsis nadk2-mutant background complements the pale-green phenotype. Moreover, to determine the physiological background behind the growth advantage of mutants lacking slr04000, we investigated the photobleaching phenotype of slr0400-deficient mutant under high-light conditions. Photosynthetic analysis found in the slr0400-deficient mutant resulted from malfunctions in the Photosystem II (PSII) photosynthetic machinery. Overall, our results suggest that NADP(H)/NAD(H) maintenance by slr0400 plays a significant role in modulating glycolysis and the TCA cycle to repress the growth rate and maintain the photosynthetic capacity.

scholarly journals Expression, activation, and role of AKT isoforms in the uterus

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. R85-R95 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fabi ◽  
Eric Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Akt Isoforms ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reproductive Processes

The three isoforms of AKT: AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3, are crucial regulators of both normal and pathological cellular processes. Each of these isoforms exhibits a high level of homology and functional redundancy with each other. However, while being highly similar and structurally homologous, a rising amount of evidence is showing that each isoform possesses specific targets as well as preferential subcellular localization. The role of AKT has been studied extensively in reproductive processes, but isoform-specific roles are yet to be fully understood. This review will focus on the role of AKT in the uterus and its function in processes related to cell death and proliferation such as embryo implantation, decidualization, endometriosis, and endometrial cancer in an isoform-centric manner. In this review, we will cover the activation of AKT in various settings, localization of isoforms in subcellular compartments, and the effect of isoform expression on cellular processes. To fully understand the dynamic molecular processes taking place in the uterus, it is crucial that we better understand the physiological role of AKT isoforms as well as their function in the emergence of diseases.

scholarly journals The Small RNA ncS35 Regulates Growth in Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Kiekens ◽  
Andrea Sass ◽  
Filip Van Nieuwerburgh ◽  
Dieter Deforce ◽  
Tom Coenye
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Structure

Small RNAs play an important role in the survival of bacteria in diverse environments. We explored the physiological role of ncS35, a small RNA expressed inB. cenocepaciaJ2315, an opportunistic pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. In cystic fibrosis patients, infections can lead to “cepacia syndrome,” a rapidly progressing and often fatal pneumonia. Infections withBurkholderiaspp. are difficult to threat with antibiotics because of their high intrinsic resistance and ability to form biofilms. We show that ncS35 attenuates the growth and reduces the metabolic rate ofB. cenocepaciaand influences biofilm structure. This demonstrates that as-yet-uncharacterized small RNAs with regulatory function can influence physiological traits ofB. cenocepaciathat are relevant for infection.

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