scholarly journals On some features of the cultivation of Obermeier spirochetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
V. M. Aristovsky ◽  
N. N. Blagoveshchensky
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Keen Interest ◽  
The Way

After the discovery by Schaudin, in 1905, of the causative agent of syphilis, naturally keen interest among bacteriologists raised the question of the cultivation of this spirochete. However, the difficulties that were encountered on the way of the first researchers (Kolpino and Fontana, Levaditi and Mc Intosh, Schereschewsk y, Hoffmann) in solving this problem forced the question of cultivating spirochetes in general to be put on the agenda. Therefore, it is not a mere coincidence that the first pure culture of the spirochete (Spir. Dentium) was obtained by Mhlen S'OM in 1906, that is, already a year after the discovery of the pale spirochete. However, mixed cultures of spirochetes (so-called Mischkultur) were obtained even earlier Goadby B1903, Veszpmi, Walver and F unni with lif fʹ, Mll e r and Scherber in 1905. In 1909, Schereschewsky received a pale spirochete in a culture mixed with other bacteria, and in the same year, Mhlens, and a year later, Hoffmann announced that they had received a pure culture of this spirochete.

Impact of Transfaunation of Rumen Ciliate Cultures on Physical Examination, Selected Serum Parameters and Milk Profile in Defaunated Lactating Dairy Goats

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Culture Duration ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorous

Rumen ciliates still have mysterious secrets and influences in ruminants. This study investigated the effect of transfaunation of pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates on physical clinical examination, selected serum parameters and milk profile in defaunated lactating dairy goats. A number of 8 Baladi native breed goats were randomly classified into two groups each one containing 4 goats. Pure culture group was transfaunated with 6 ml of pure culture of Holotricha spp., while mixed culture group was transfaunated with 6 ml of mixed culture of 81.85% Holotricha and 18.15% Ophryoscolex spp. once weekly for three consecutive weeks, after defaunation of both groups using 30 ml of 8% SLS for two consecutive days. Serum and milk samples were collected weekly for three successive weeks to study effect of type of ciliate culture, duration of transfaunation and their interaction. Results revealed that transfaunation of pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates had no effect on physical examination with minimal non-significant improvement of calcium, inorganic phosphorous, total protein and globulin in serum of defaunated goats. Transfaunation of pure or mixed cultures of rumen ciliates within three weeks could not improve significantly decreased milk fat % of defaunated goats without any effect on other measured milk profile parameters. It is concluded that further investigations on transfaunation without prior defaunation should be performed using different pure and mixed cultures of rumen ciliates for therapeutic and productive purposes.

scholarly journals Enhanced Removal of a Pesticides Mixture by Single Cultures and Consortia of Free and ImmobilizedStreptomycesStrains

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
María S. Fuentes ◽  
Gabriela E. Briceño ◽  
Juliana M. Saez ◽  
Claudia S. Benimeli ◽  
María C. Diez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Pure Cultures

Pesticides are normally used to control specific pests and to increase the productivity in crops; as a result, soils are contaminated with mixtures of pesticides. In this work, the ability ofStreptomycesstrains (either as pure or mixed cultures) to remove pentachlorophenol and chlorpyrifos was studied. The antagonism among the strains and their tolerance to the toxic mixture was evaluated. Results revealed that the strains did not have any antagonistic effects and showed tolerance against the pesticides mixture. In fact, the growth of mixed cultures was significantly higher than in pure cultures. Moreover, a pure culture (Streptomycessp. A5) and a quadruple culture had the highest pentachlorophenol removal percentages (10.6% and 10.1%, resp.), whileStreptomycessp. M7 presented the best chlorpyrifos removal (99.2%). Mixed culture of allStreptomycesspp. when assayed either as free or immobilized cells showed chlorpyrifos removal percentages of 40.17% and 71.05%, respectively, and for pentachlorophenol 5.24% and 14.72%, respectively, suggesting better removal of both pesticides by using immobilized cells. These results reveal that environments contaminated with mixtures of xenobiotics could be successfully cleaned up by using either free or immobilized cultures ofStreptomyces, throughin situorex situremediation techniques.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM ISOLATED FROM INFECTED CATTLE TISSUES IN ALMATY REGION

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (333) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
N.P. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
N.N. Egorova ◽  
S.N. Sarimbekova ◽  
V.Yu Sushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics

Necrobacteriosis (necrobacteriosis) is established as an infectious disease characterized by purulent-necrotic lesions of tissues mainly of the lower parts of the extremities, especially in the area of the corolla, and in some cases in the oral cavity, on the udder, in the genitals, liver, lungs and other tissues and organs. Many animal species are affected by necrobacteriosis. The most susceptible and sensitive to Fusobacterium necrophorum are reindeer, cattle and small ruminants, pigs, and rabbits. A constant carrier of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis in the rumen and intestines of ruminants has been established, it is found in food particles during chewing, in feces, in objects of the external environment. The disease is especially often observed in animals kept in damp places with poor zoohygienic conditions. Infection of animals occurs when the pathogen enters the injured skin areas or when the mucous membranes are macerated. The work was carried out in the laboratory and production conditions of KazSRVI LLC and at the MTF of the Arkabay settlement of the Talgar district of the Almaty region, where stall keeping of animals is practiced. Material for laboratory research (sections from the horny tissue of the hoof on the border with the healthy one) were taken fresh and inoculated on a nutrient medium for anaerobes (Kitt-Tarozzi medium). Samples of the selected biological material were plated on Kitt-Tarozzi medium at the sampling site on the farm. The biological material taken from sick animals was examined within several hours after taking in accordance with the guidelines for laboratory diagnostics of necrobacteriosis (YEAR INDICATION METHOD). To get rid of the numerous accompanying microflora and obtain a pure culture of F. necrophorum, a bioassay was set up on laboratory animals - rabbits. On the 14-15th day after infection, the experimental rabbits died, which is evidence of the high pathogenicity of the isolated cultures. A pure culture of F. necrophorum from rabbit’s internal organs, not contaminated with extraneous microflora, was cultured. It was found that rabbits are the optimal biomodel for purification of the F. necrophorum culture. The results of cultivation of the causative agent of presented necrobacteriosis on solid and liquid nutrient media are. The biochemical properties of the isolated cultures have been studied. It was found that epizootic cultures of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis in cattle emitted hydrogen sulfide, formed ammonia, and had hemolytic properties. In experiments in vitro and in vivo, it was found that the isolated cultures of F. necrophorum showed hyaluronidase activity. Cultures of F. necrophorum had high catalase activity, i.e. split hydrogen peroxide with the release of gas bubbles. Four cultures of F. necrophorum, isolated from biological material from cattle, were identical in biological properties.

STUDY AND DETERMINATION OF DISEASES AND PESTS OF REPAIR RASPBERRY «BRYANSKOE DIVO» IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 384 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
L. A. Zhailibayeva ◽  
S. N. Oleichenko ◽  
M. D. Esenalieva ◽  
I. Demirtas
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Purple Spot ◽  
Research Institute

The intensity of diseases and pests was determined in LLP "Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zhazken Zhiembayev" in the test center of phytosanitary laboratory analysis for phytopathological and entomological examination. As a result of the analysis of entomological examination on the leaves of raspberries were found pests of the plant. No pests or nematodes were found in soil samples. On the basis of the symptoms of the disease and phytopathological analyses, it was found that the presented samples of raspberries are parasitic with purple spot, the causative agent of Didymella applanala, as well as secondarily inhabited by fungi of the genera Fuzarium, Aspergillius, Alternaria, Penicillium, Mucor. Classical phytopathological methods were used for the phytopathological diagnosis of raspberry disease. Determination of fungal and bacterial microflora was carried out on morphological and cultural characteristics of the colony of fungi and bacteria isolated in pure culture.

scholarly journals Mammary and Systemic Aspergillosis in Dairy Sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pérez ◽  
J. M. Corpa ◽  
J. F. García Marín ◽  
rizJ. J. Adú ◽  
H. E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Etiologic Diagnosis

Mammary aspergillosis was diagnosed in four flocks of dairy sheep, comprising a total of 1,750 ewes. These animals had been treated prophylactically by intramammary infusion with cloxacillin 5 months prior to lambing. Mammary aspergillosis with concomitant spread to the regional lymph nodes was present in these flocks in a percentage ranging from 2% to 36.4% of treated sheep. Pathologic, bacteriologic, and mycologic studies were performed in seven of the affected ewes. Some of them also had lung, kidney, and liver involvement. The pathologic reaction within lesions ranged from the acute to subacute type, dominated by necrosis and vasculitis with thrombosis, to the chronic granulomatous type, with macrophages and giant cells. The distribution of lesions and the presence of a remarkable vasculitis with fungal thrombi in the mammary gland suggested a hematogenous dissemination of the infection from this organ. Immunologic staining with monoclonal antibody MAb-WF-AF-1, which reacts specifically with Aspergillus hyphae, identified the causative agent in histologic sections of the different affected tissues. The etiologic diagnosis was further supported by the isolation of Aspergillus fumigatus in pure culture from affected tissues and from eight samples of mammary secretions.

scholarly journals CATTLE NECROBACTERIOSIS IN THE LIVESTOCK FACILITIES OF THE ALMATY REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (74) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
V. Sushchikh ◽  
A. Musayeva ◽  
N. Yegorova
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Research

Necrobacteriosis affects many species of animals. The most susceptible and sensitive to Fusobacterium necrophorum are reindeer, cattle and small cattle, pigs, and rabbits. A constant carriership of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis in the rumen and intestines of ruminants has been established, causative agent is found in food particles during chewing, as well as in feces. The causative agent of necrobacteriosis is widespread in the environment (livestock buildings, walking yards, manure, soil, pastures, stagnant reservoirs, etc.). Infestation of animals occurs when the pathogen enters the injured areas of the skin or mucous membranes of animals. Disturbed blood circulation, cracks and peeling of the horn happen as a result of long-term keeping of animals in damp premices, grazing them in damp, swampy areas, and also maceration of the limb tissues. Four cultures of the causative agent of cattle necrobacteriosis Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from sick animals with symptoms of lameness, their biological properties were studied. The pathogenicity of the isolated cultures was studied in laboratory animals. The work was conducted in laboratory and production conditions in "KazSRVI" LLP and at the dairy farm at "Arkabay" human settlement (village) of Talgar district of Almaty region, where stall keeping of animals is practiced. Slices from the diseased hoof of cows were taken at the border of the diseased and healthy tissue. Samples of the selected biological material were plated on Kitt-Tarozzi medium at the sampling site on the farm. The biological material taken from sick animals was studied within several hours after sampling in accordance with the guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of necrobacteriosis. Material for laboratory research (sections from the horny tissue of the hoof on the border with the healthy one) were taken fresh and inoculated on a nutrient medium for anaerobes.  The results of cultivation of the necrobacteriosis causative agent on liquid and solid nutrient media under anaerobic conditions are presented. To get rid of the accompanying microflora and obtain a pure culture of F. necrophorum, a bioassay was set on laboratory animals - rabbits. All isolated cultures were highly pathogenic for rabbits. On the 14-15th day after infection, the experimental rabbits died. A pure culture of F. necrophorum, not contaminated with extraneous microflora, was sown from the internal organs of rabbits. It was found that rabbits are the optimal biomodel for purification of the F. necrophorum culture.  The biochemical properties of the isolated cultures have been studied. It was found that epizootic cultures of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis emitted hydrogen sulfide and had hemolytic properties. In experiments in vitro and in vivo, it was found that the isolated cultures of F. necrophorum showed hyaluronidase activity. Cultures of F. necrophorum had a high catalase activity, they split hydrogen peroxide with the formation of oxygen (gas bubbles). When studying biochemical properties, it was found that F. necrophorum releases ammonia within 2-3 hours. Four cultures of F. necrophorum isolated from biological material from cattle were identical in biological properties. 

scholarly journals Etiology and Control of Citrus Canker Disease in Kavre

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Dinesh Dhakal ◽  
Chiranjivi Regmi ◽  
Sital Raj Basnyat
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Urease Test

Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri (Hasse) occurs in large areas of the world's citrus growing countries including Nepal. Though the disease has serious effect in Nepal, this is the first detailed study carried out to isolate the pathogen and confirm it by available biochemical tests and pathogenicity test. Furthermore, the study was intended to find the proper and economical control measure to combat disease in citrus orchards. The causative agent of the disease was isolated from the diseased plants and pure culture was obtained. The isolated pure culture was subjected to Gram staining, catalase test, oxidase test, O-F test, starch hydrolysis, nitrate reduction test, methylred test, Voges-prausker test, indole production test, urease test and carbohydrate utilization test. To re-confirm it, pathogenicity test was conducted on host plant and after the appearance of the typical citrus canker lesion on host, the bacteria was re-isolated, thus proving the Koch's postulates. Different controlling chemicals, copperoxychloride (2.5%), copperoxychloride + kasugamycin (1000X), bordeaux mixture 1% and 2% were sprayed to the plants in citrus orchard at Dhulikhel and the decrease in disease severity after spraying of the chemicals was calculated with reference to the plants that were not sprayed with the chemicals. It was observed that spraying of the chemicals help in decreasing the disease severity. The chemical spray however was not able to eradicate the disease. The study concluded that Xanthomonas citri was the causative agent of the disease citrus canker and copper based chemicals when sprayed very early with the appearance of first symptoms of the disease could eliminate it in citrus fruits to minimum level.Key words: Copper fungicides; Citrus canker; Lime;  Xanthomonas citri; Acid lime; Citrus aurantifoliaDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2824Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 57-61  

Pausanias and the historiography of Classical Sparta

1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Keen Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

The Periegesis of Pausanias has finally entered the world of serious literature. Long after the way was first shown, the Magnesian has arrived and duly taken his place in the intellectual world of the second century: a pilgrim to the past. Yet he was no bookish, library-bound bore. Recent studies have transformed our opinion of him as a recorder of the sites and treasures of what was, even to him, antiquity, ‘His faithfulness in reporting what he saw has, time and time again, been proven at a large number of sites and could easily be demonstrated at a good many others.’ ‘The very fact that the second-century A.D. traveller Pausanias wrote at such length about the sites and monuments of Greece is itself indicative of his most important attitude towards antiquities. That is, he thought them of sufficient value to be worth recording and thought it worth travelling extensively in mainland Greece over a period of many years to see them for himself.’ And so inevitably, as respect for the author has grown, the desire to lay bare his soul has followed. Critics are unanimous in their view of a man sensitive to the resonance of the ancient and power of the past. On occasion a Herodotean fascination with the mutability of man's lot bubbles to the surface, indeed we may surmise Herodotus to have been an important influence on the Periegesis in several fundamental respects. Above all he was a man of deep learning and keen interest in the past and a faithful recorder of its remains. Archaeologists and art-historians concur.

Interactions entre Staphylococcus aureus et Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans des cultures in vitro et au cours d'infections expérimentales

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1531-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Repentigny ◽  
L. G. Mathieu ◽  
T. Gadbois
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are often found in succession or in association in infections. To study experimentally their interactions, we have used systems of growth or survival of mixed cultures of both species in vitro in a semisynthetic medium and in vivo in the peritoneal cavity of mice. Conditions for maximum growth in vitro of both species in mixed cultures are about similar to those in pure culture when the pH is maintained between 6.0 and 7.3. The inhibition of S. aureus growth by some antimetabolites or antibiotics, e.g., 5-methyltryptophan and D-cycloserine, is antagonized in mixed cultures. Staphylococcus coagulase, DNase, and alpha toxin were present either in mixed cultures or after mixing pure culture supernatants of both species, but P. aeruginosa slime was not observed in these conditions. In vivo, the survival of S. aureus seemed greater in mixed infections with P. aeruginosa than in those with S. aureus alone. In our systems, S. aureus may have benefited from the presence of P. aeruginosa whereas the reverse was not observed. These observations on interbacterial ecology could help to explain the importance and the behavior of some species at the initiation of pyogenic infections, either their interactions or their selection.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY OF COMPLEX BACTERIZATION IN SOYBEAN CULTIVATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Y. M. Khalep ◽  
S. F. Kozar
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing

The results of efficiency studies by major economic and energetic parameters of pretreatment of soybean with inoculants based on rhizobia Bradyrhizobium japonicum and associative diazotrophs Azospirillum brasilense are provided. It was established that the highest levels of the studied parameters are achieved using mixed cultures of nitrogen fixing microorganisms. The high economic and energetic efficiency was also observed during inoculation of soybean with rhizobia pure culture. However, no significant positive impact of A. brasilense applied separately was found in terms of studied parameters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document