Effect of yeast extract on mineral starvation

1. 670 samples of the mixed milk from 15 herds were analysed, and the average percentages of total ash, soluble ash, insoluble ash, lime and phosphoric acid are given.2. Tables showing frequency distributions are also given, with the standard deviation, mean and probable error of mean for each constituent determined.3. Various correlations of these constituents with solids not fat and protein have been prepared, and these correlations are illustrated by graphs.It is observed that the total ash falls with the solids not fat until low values of solids not fat are reached, when the ash content appears to rise. This variation is confirmed by a curve illustrating the variation in ash content of samples of individual cow’s milk. Soluble ash rises as the solids not fat falls, but the insoluble ash shows a reverse variation. Lime and phosphoric acid both fall with the solids not fat.

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EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra)

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v7i2.1643 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Chandra Sitorus ◽

Lilis Sukeksi ◽

Andy Junianto Sidabutar

Keyword(s):

Atomic Absorption ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Ash Content ◽

Potassium Oxide ◽

Oxide Content ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Combustion Time ◽

Muffle Furnace ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Time Variables

The purpose of this study was to determine the best of combustion time and temperature of ash production from kapok fruit peel ( Ceiba Petandra ) to get the most potassium. The experiment was begun to dry kapok fruit peel for 24 hours at oven with temperature 110 oC and combustion to obtaine the ash from kapok fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours and burning temperature variables were from, 500 oC, 550 oC,600 oC, 650oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume 30 ml for 24 hours. Observed responses were normality, pH, ash content, and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 3 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 35.91 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.

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A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS EXTRACTANTS FOR ORGANIC MATTER FROM TWO HORIZONS OF A PODZOL PROFILE

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss58-008 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 49-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. Schnitzer ◽

J. R. Wright ◽

J. G. Desjardins

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Similar Type ◽

Ethylene Diamine ◽

Cellulose Membrane ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Diamine Tetraacetate ◽

Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetate

A survey was made of the extractive power of 15 reagents for organic matter from the A0 and B21 horizons of a podzol. All were inorganic except disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA-Na2) and their solutions ranged in pH from 1.4 to 13.1. The amount of organic matter extracted varied with horizon and with extractant. While only NaOH removed appreciable amounts from the A0 horizon, Na4P2O7, Na3PO4, NaF, Na2CO3, NaOH, HF and EDTA-Na2 extracted > 80 per cent of the organic matter of the B21 horizon. No organic matter from the A0 horizon extracts passed through a cellulose membrane on dialysis against distilled water whereas the B21 extracts lost from 20 to 70 per cent of their carbon content. The ash content of the non-dialyzable portion of the B21 horizon extracts was high (20–40 per cent), indicating the possible presence of complexes of organic matter with metals such as Fe and Al and with clays. The carbon contents of the same materials ranged between 40 and 50 per cent, suggesting that all extractants removed essentially a similar type of material.

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EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE BACTERIAL POPULATION OF FRESH FILLETS

Journal of Milk and Food Technology ◽

10.4315/0022-2747-30.8.242 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 242-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Remedios Silverrio ◽

R. E. Levin

Keyword(s):

Yeast Extract ◽

Bacterial Population ◽

Sodium Citrate ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Fish Tissue ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Nutrient Media ◽

Pigment Formation ◽

Plate Counts ◽

Infusion Agar

Summary The use of a nutrient broth consisting of 0.5% tryptone, 0.25% yeast extract, and 0.1% dextrose for blending and diluting fish tissue resulted in a 10 fold higher count compared to that obtained when distilled water was used. No specific preference was shown for yeast extract, beef extract or tryptone for yielding maximum total counts between 0.1 – 0.5% concentrations. A fish infusion agar representing a 1:10 dilution of fish tissue in distilled water yielded lower counts than conventional nutrient media. The addition of 0.1 – 0.5% glucose, glycerol, and sodium lactate to a basal medium of 0.1% yeast extract and 0.2% tryptone failed to increase total counts above those obtained with the basal medium alone. The addition of 0.05% – 0.5% sodium citrate to enumerating media markedly suppressed the total count; 0.3% reduced the count by 64% from fresh haddock and by 95% from stale haddock. The addition of 0.1 – 0.5% NaCl to enumerating media did not influence total counts but was essential for pigment formation by Pseudomonas putrefaciens. Plate counts determined at 20 and 25 C exceeded those from plates incubated at 3 C from fresh haddock while the reverse was true for stale haddock.

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Culture studies on the mycobiont of Caloplaca erythrantha (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (Teloschistaceae): high production of major lichen secondary metabolites

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282912000096 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 533-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alejandra T. FAZIO ◽

Mónica T. ADLER ◽

María D. BERTONI ◽

Marta S. MAIER

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Solid Media ◽

High Concentrations

AbstractA strain of the lichen mycobiont of Caloplaca erythrantha, isolated from ascospores, was cultured axenically on different solid media. Four of the media employed supported the development of colonies and production of the two major lichen secondary metabolites. These media were: BMYE (mannitol 2%, yeast extract 0·1%, in Bold's basal medium); MEYE (malt extract 2%, yeast extract 0·2%, in distilled water); Hamada's MY10 (malt extract 1%, yeast extract 0·4%, sucrose 10%, in distilled water); and the new BMRM (Bold mannitol rich medium, mannitol 5·3%, malt extract 1%, yeast extract 0·4% in Bold's mineral medium). Percentages refer to final medium volume. The fungal colonies developed well on the four media and produced emodin and 7-chloroemodin, the major secondary compounds of the lichen apothecia. Crystals deposited richly on the external surface of the hyphae, as observed with an optical microscope. The two anthraquinones were purified from the lichen thallus, apothecia and cultured mycelia, and identified by chromatographic (TLC, HPLC) and spectroscopic (NMR, MS) methods. The analysis of lichen apothecia revealed the presence of emodin (0·90% w/w) and 7-chloroemodin (0·56% w/w), whereas colonies cultured for five months generally produced higher percentages than the lichen: 1·72% emodin and 0·30% 7-chloroemodin on BMYE; 0·21% and 0·95% on MEYE; 7·82% and 7·48% on MY10; and 11·70% and 10·80% on BMRM. These results show that the production of both anthraquinones was promoted significantly in mycobiont cultures with high concentrations of the carbon sources sucrose or mannitol, with a higher effect being observed with the latter.

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GROWTH AND CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF LIGNICOLOUS DEUTEROMYCETES FROM MARINE LOCALITIES

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m59-061 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 493-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Samuel P. Meyers ◽

E. S. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Sea Water ◽

Individual Species ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Cellulolytic Activity ◽

Balsa Wood

The cell-free filtrates from cultures of selected deuteromycetous species, including representatives of Piricauda, Slachybotrys, Alternaria, Culcitalna, Humicola, and Helicoma, isolated from wood submerged in the sea, exhibited various intensities of cellulolytic activity on carboxymethylcellulose and Walseth cellulose. Cellulolytic activity was noted following growth of the fungi on intact balsa wood in 0.1% yeast extract sea water broth. Individual isolates of certain genera, especially those of Helicoma, varied considerably in their activity. However all of the species grew and developed cellulolytic activity in media made with distilled water and with sea water. The amount of enzymatic activity, indicated by the production of reducing sugars (RS), and the proportion of glucose in the RS fraction, varied considerably between species and within individual species on media with different salinities.

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Optimizing Conditions to Cholesterol Adsorbed with Carboxymethyl Chitosan

Molekul ◽

10.20884/1.jm.2016.11.1.200 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mardiyah Kurniasih ◽

Dwi Kartika ◽

Riyanti Riyanti

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Water Content ◽

Contact Time ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽

Ash Content ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Factorial Experimental Design ◽

Cholesterol Ratio ◽

Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽

Full Factorial

A research on optimizing conditions to cholesterol adsorbed have been performed. Optimization was performed by varying: contact time, adsorbent weight and temperature of the system's. A full factorial experimental design was used in this study. Characterization performed on the synthesized chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan including FTIR, water content, ash content, solubility, porosity, and swelling effect. The results showed that carboxymethyl chitosan able to adsorb cholesterol under conditions optimal adsorbent with cholesterol ratio (1:200) with a contact time of 90 minutes at temperature of 40 °C. Meanwhile, at a temperature of 55 °C carboxymethyl chitosan capable of adsorb cholesterol under conditions optimal adsorbent with cholesterol ratio (1:300) with a contact time of 30 minutes. Chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan synthesized has a water content of 7.4 and 10.2%, ash content of 0.14 and 2.29%, solubility in distilled water at 1.10-5and 1.98.10-3%, solubility in acetic acid 0.02 and 0.04%, porosity at 88.3% and 88.8%, and swelling at 163.13 and 182.98%.

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Isolation of the humin fraction from soil: preliminary comments

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-3110 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Weber ◽

Elżbieta Jamroz ◽

Andrzej Kocowicz ◽

Magdalena Debicka ◽

Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Humic Substances ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Ash Content ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Science Center ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Humin Fraction

The organic matter is the most important component of soil material, which determines most soil properties. Among humic substances, humin fraction has been the least studied to date, although it usually constitutes over half of their composition. This is probably due to the fact, that humin fraction has highly hydrophobic properties and is insoluble at all pH values, which makes its isolation much more difficult, compared to humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acid fractions. In addition, humin fraction forms very stable humic-clay complexes with mineral part of the soil (Stevenson 1994), which cannot be destructed during humic substances extraction. According to the literature, the methods of humin fraction isolation can be divided into two main groups: (1) extraction by different organic solvents, and (2) isolation by extraction of HA and FA followed by digestion of mineral soil components. Nevertheless, each of these methods has different limitations.We investigated some modifications of the latter method, obtaining humin fraction from eight mollic horizons of Chernozems and Phaeozems, which differed in their physico-chemical properties.The first step was to separate HA and FA according to IHSS method described by Swift (1996), however we adopted different shaking procedure. To asses differences, each supernatant obtained was analyzed for the carbon content concentration, which corresponded to HA and FA extracted.HA and FA free residue was then digested to reduce the content of mineral components. We used several digestion with 10% HF/HCl , as higher concentrations of HF can result in structural alteration of the organic compounds (Hayes et al. 2017). To find the optimal time of the procedure, the ash content was determined following each digestion stage. After the HF/HCl treatment, the residue was rinsed with 10% HCl to eliminate secondary minerals. The residue was washed with distilled water until the neutral pH, then transferred to dialysis membranes and dialyzed with distilled water until a negative Cl&#8722; test with AgNO3. Afterwards the humin fraction was freeze dried.&#160;Finally, obtained humin fraction contained various ash content, ranged from 6 to 30%, depending on the soil. The conducted test indicated that: (1) the concentration of carbon in supernatant considerably increased as shaking time was extended to 20 hours, and (2) longer than 4 weeks digestion with HF/HCl did not affect the reduction of the ash content of the humin fraction obtained.&#160;&#160; &#160;&#160;LiteratureHayes M.H.B., Mylotte R., Swift R.S. 2017. Humin: Its Composition and Importance in Soil Organic Matter. In: Sparks D.L. (ed) Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 143, Academic Press, Burlington, 47&#8211;138.Stevenson F.J. 1994. Humus Chemistry; Genesis, Composition, Reaction. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons., New York.Swift R.S. 1996. Organic matter characterization. In: Sparks, D.L., et al. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods - Soil Science Society of America, Book Series no 5,&#160; 1011-1069.&#160;AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the National Science Center (NCN) Poland (project No 2018/31/B/ST10/00677 &#8220;Chemical and spectroscopic properties of soil humin fraction in relation to their mutual interaction with pesticides").

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Differentiation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride (Hyphomycetes)

Revista de Microbiologia ◽

10.1590/s0001-37141999000100009 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Solange Xavier-Santos ◽

Bonifácio Magalhães ◽

Elza A. Luna-Alves Lima

Keyword(s):

Yeast Extract ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Solid Medium ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Brazilian Isolate ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽

High Degree ◽

Germ Tubes

The differentiation of a Brazilian isolate of Metarhizium flavoviride (CG 423), a promising candidate for the biocontrol of grasshoppers, was investigated. Conidia were spread onto solid medium (1% yeast extract, 2.8% agar, 96.2% distilled water), incubated at 28°C and observed during 26 h. Germination initiated as conidia size increased from 5.3 (±0.6) x 3.1 (±0.3) µm (0 h incubation) to 8.1 (±0.2) x 6.1 (±0.2) µm (8 h incubation). Germ tubes started to appear after 10 h incubation showing a high degree of multipolarity. Twenty six hours after inoculation, hyphal differentiation and anastomosis among hyphae from adjacent conidia were recorded. Appressoria were formed only from conidia incubated in liquid medium containing minimum concentration of yeast extract (0.06%; w/v). Appressoria were firmly adhered to the bottom of plastic dishes.

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EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra)

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v7i2.1647 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 28-32

Author(s):

Seri Maulina ◽

Fakhradila ◽

Nurtahara

Keyword(s):

Atomic Absorption ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Ash Content ◽

Potassium Oxide ◽

Oxide Content ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Combustion Time ◽

Muffle Furnace ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Time Variables

The purpose of this study was to determine the best of combustion time and temperature of ash production from kapok fruit peel ( Ceiba Petandra ) to get the most potassium. The experiment was begun to dry kapok fruit peel for 24 hours at oven with temperature 110 oC and combustion to obtaine the ash from kapok fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours and burning temperature variables were from, 500 oC, 550 oC,600 oC, 650oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume 30 ml for 24 hours. Observed responses were normality, pH, ash content, and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 3 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 35.91 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.

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