The features of mucosal immunity and microbiota at different forms of allergic rhinitis

Aim. To assess the parameters of local immune response in patients with different forms of allergic rhinitis, associated with nasal bacterial infection. Methods. Nasal swabs and nasal epithelium samples obtained from 10 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis aged 12 to 32 years and from 15 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis aged 18 to 45 years, as well as form the 20 healthy subjects aged 18 to 45 years without signs of allergy who were age and gender-comparable, were examined. Swabs were prepared from cell suspension, stained with 0.04% trypan blue solution, and a microscopy with the count of non-stained cells was performed. Epitheliocytes expressing toll-like receptors-2, were determined by flow cytometry. Interleukin-10 concentration in swabs was assessed by ELISA. Results. The number of epitheliocytes expressing toll-like receptors-2 was by 1.9 times lower in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and by 1.7 times lower in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis compared to control group. There was a reverse correlation found between the number of epitheliocytes expressing toll-like receptors-2 and interleukin-10 level in nasal swabs of healthy controls, while in patients with allergic rhinitis a it was a direct correlation. In patients with persistent allergic rhinitis S. aureus was a part of microbiota in 100% of cases and was associated with other bacteria (Str. pyogenes - 33.3%, Neisseria spp. - 66.7%). In patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis the association of S. aureus and S. hemolyticus (70.0%) was the most frequent one. In the control group, S. epidermidis (50.0%), Str. viridians (25.0%), S. hominis (25.0%) were among the nasal microbiota. There were no differences revealed between the mean levels of interleukin-10 in patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls. Conclusion. The number of epitheliocytes expressing toll-like receptors-2 was significantly reduced by almost 2 times in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis compared to control group. Colonization of nasal mucosa by S. aureus in patients with allergic rhinitis leads to an increase of epithelial cells expressing toll-like receptors-2.

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Effect of adjunctive sodium hyaluronate versus surfactant nasal irrigation on mucociliary clearance in allergic rhinitis: a single-blind, randomised, controlled study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215121000967 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

E Ocak ◽

S Mulazimoglu ◽

D Kocaoz ◽

E Mirici ◽

E Dagli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Clearance Time ◽

Nasal Irrigation ◽

Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of nasal irrigation with sodium hyaluronate and surfactant solutions on mucociliary clearance time in patients with mild persistent allergic rhinitis. Methods A total of 120 patients diagnosed with mild persistent allergic rhinitis were enrolled in this prospective study. The patients were allocated randomly to the surfactant, sodium hyaluronate or isotonic saline (as a control) nasal irrigation group. The mucociliary clearance times and improvements in mucociliary clearance times were compared. Results Improvements in mean mucociliary clearance time were significantly greater in the surfactant and sodium hyaluronate groups than in the control group (p < 0.01). The mean post-treatment mucociliary clearance time of the surfactant group was significantly lower than that of the control (p < 0.001) and sodium hyaluronate groups (p = 0.03). Conclusion Surfactant and sodium hyaluronate nasal irrigation solutions may both be used as adjunctive treatments for allergic rhinitis. Surfactant nasal irrigation resulted in better mucociliary clearance times.

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Is suicidal ideation associated with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis?

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37562017000000129 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martín Bedolla-Barajas ◽

Norma Angélica Pulido-Guillén ◽

Bolívar Vivar-Aburto ◽

Jaime Morales-Romero ◽

José Raúl Ortiz-Peregrina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Allergic Asthma ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between suicidal ideation (SI) and allergic diseases in adults. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving individuals ranging from 20 to 50 years of age recruited from a university hospital in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. We included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of allergic asthma, those with a confirmed diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, and healthy controls. All subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), which includes an item that evaluates the presence of suicidal thoughts or desires within the last two weeks, in order to identify SI. Results: The sample comprised 115 patients with allergic asthma, 111 patients with allergic rhinitis, and 96 healthy controls. The number of individuals identified with SI in the three groups were, respectively, 17 (14.8%), 13 (11.7%), and 8 (8.3%). Regarding the presence of SI, no statistically significant association was found in the allergic asthma group (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 0.78-4.64; p = 0.154) or in the allergic rhinitis group (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.58-3.68; p = 0.424) when they were compared with the control group. However, the presence of depression was associated with SI in the three groups: allergic asthma (OR = 12.36; 95% CI: 2.67-57.15; p = 0.001); allergic rhinitis (OR = 6.20; 95% CI: 1.66-23.14; p = 0.006); and control (OR = 21.0; 95% CI: 3.75-117.36; p < 0,001). Conclusions: In comparison with the control group, no association was found between SI and the groups with allergic diseases. In contrast, there was association between SI and depression in the three groups.

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Comparison of Intranasal Hypertonic Dead Sea Saline Spray and Intranasal Aqueous Triamcinolone Spray in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556130508400713 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 426-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Scott Cordray ◽

Jim B. Harjo ◽

Linda Miner

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Dead Sea ◽

Control Group ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

The Dead ◽

Positive Effect

Intranasal corticosteroids are well known to be efficacious in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Nasal irrigation with saline, including hypertonic saline, has long been recommended for the treatment of sinonasal disease, and it has been shown to have a positive effect on the physiology of the nasal mucosa. Until now, no study of the clinical efficacy of intranasal hypertonic Dead Sea saline as a monotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis has been reported. We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of intranasal hypertonic Dead Sea saline spray and intranasal aqueous triamcinolone spray in 15 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Results were based on a 7-day regimen. Based on Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores, clinically and statistically significant (p < 0.0001) improvements were seen in both active-treatment groups; as expected, the corticosteroid spray was the more effective of the two treatments. No significant improvement occurred in the control group. Our preliminary results not only confirm the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroid therapy in moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, they also suggest that the Dead Sea saline solution can be an effective alternative in mild-to-moderate allergic rhinitis, particularly with respect to nasal and eye symptoms. The hypertonicity of the Dead Sea solution may have a positive effect on the physiology of the nasal mucosa by improving mucociliary clearance. In addition, the dominant cation in the Dead Sea solution— magnesium— probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the nasal mucosa and on the systemic immune response.

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Clinical, immunomodulating and anti-recidive effects of ozone therapy in persistent allergic rhinitis in children

Allergology and Immunology in Pediatrics ◽

10.53529/2500-1175-2021-4-29-38 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

Yan Yurievich Illek ◽

Irina Gennadievna Suetina ◽

Natalia Vladimirovna Khlebnikova

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Clinical Remission ◽

Conventional Therapy ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Complex Treatment ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Ozone Therapy ◽

Clinical Indicators ◽

Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Complete Clinical Remission

Research оbjective.To determine the effect of ozone therapy on clinical indicators and the state of immunity in children with moderate persistent allergic rhinitis. Material and methods. The study included children aged 5-10 years with moderate persis-tent allergic rhinitis, which were divided into two groups depending on the therapy. The first group of patients with allergic rhinitis received complex conventional therapy, the second group of patients with allergic rhinitis received complex treatment in combination with ozone therapy. Clinical parameters were studied in patients with allergic rhinitis, parameters of im-munological reactivity were investigated during periods of exacerbation of the disease and clinical remission. Results. It was found that the inclusion of ozone therapy in the complex treatment of patients of the second group ensured a faster onset of complete clinical remission (3.7 days earlier than in the first group of patients) and normalization of most immunity parameters, and also increased the expression of toll-like receptors on leukocyte cells. The duration of complete clinical remission in the group of patients with allergic rhinitis who received complex treatment in combination with ozone therapy (9.3 + 2 months) more than doubled (2.4 times) its duration in the group of patients with allergic rhinitis who received complex conventional therapy (3.9 + 0.3 months).

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CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH SEASONAL ALLERGIC RHINOCONJUNCTIVITIS (SARK). ANAMNESTIC DATA AND THE STRUCTURE OF COMORBIDITY

Immunology and Allergy: Science and Practice ◽

10.37321/immunology.2020.02-08 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 72-81

Author(s):

Олексій Кузнєцов

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Acute Bronchitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Intestinal Infection ◽

Nasal Symptoms

Introduction. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is AZ of mucous membranes (primarily the conjunctiva of the eye and nasal mucosa), due to hypersensitivity to aerosol allergens of plant pollen and fungi spores, the concentration of which in the air periodically becomes prijenosnog. The leading clinical manifestation of SAR is considered as allergic conjunctivitis. According to statistics, about 70-90% of patients with SAR develops Pulawy conjunctivitis, characterized by itching of eyes, eyelids, their redness, photophobia, lacrimation. Clinically important is the combination of SAR and conjunctivitis. Although the SAR attention usually emphasize on nasal symptoms, more than 80% of patients, as practice shows, suffer from symptoms from the eyes. According to the European and North American researchers, more than 70% of patients with SAR suffer from eye and nasal symptoms, and their severity the majority of patients assessed asmoderate or severe.Materials and methods. Clinical and anamnestic study was done in 120 patients aged from 19 to 45 years. All the studied patients were divided according to the degree of severity of the disease: 58 patients with moderate course of seasonal allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (EYE), which caused Pilica ambrosia and 62 patients with severe SARK, which pilca caused by ragweed. Of these, 43 (35,8%) women, 77 (64.1%) of men aged 19 to 25 years – 76 (63.3 per cent), from 25 to 45 years – 44 (36.6%) patients. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people.Research results. The differentiation of the history of infectious diseases patients. In the studied patients SARK with moderate current, acute respiratory illness (ARI) was observed in 54 (26,9%) patients, varicella – 16 (8,0%), mumps – 12 (6,0%), measles in 11 (5,5%), viral hepatitis in 4 (1,9%) patients, acute bronchitis 36 (17,9%), pneumonia – 17 (8,5%), the scarlet fever in 6 (2.9%) and intestinal infection in 7 (3,5%), sore throat – 25 (12,4%), otitis in 13 (6,5%) patients. In patients with severe SARK, ARI was observed in 59 (23,3%) patients, varicella – 24 (9,5%), mumps – in 18 (7.1 percent), measles – in 16 (6.3 percent), viral hepatitis in 7 (2.8%) and acute bronchitis – in 43 (17%), pneumonia in 19 (7,5%), scarlet fever in 8 (3,2%), intestinal infection in 9 (3,6%), angina 32 (12,6%), otitis media – in 18 (7.1 per cent) patients.Analyzing the structure of infectious diseases in the anamnesis in the studied patients SARK need to emphasize that their structure is dominated infection in the upper respiratory tract and broncho-pulmonary system that leads to depletion of nonspecific and specific immunity factors, formation of secondary immunodeficiency in these systems.Discussion of research. In the study of biochemical parameters of blood in patients with SARK in the period of aggravation established that the greatest changes are observed from endogenous cholesterol and phospholipids, which may indicate the failure of the macrophage link of immunity. At the same time, β-lipoproteins and NIK was increased only in the group of patients with severe SARK. The increase of phospholipids in serum of patients with severe SARK can point to the implementation of late phase allergic inflammation in cellular tissue structure of the nasal mucosa.Conclusions. Conducted research of history data, the structure of comorbidity, laboratory parameters allergological studies have shown that SARK is formed on the background of progressive sensitization and allergization of the organism, which is implemented in the manifestation of allergic reactions, forming the severity of SARK, and on the strength of the immune response to a variety of ecoalign that define the types of immunopathological reactions in this cohort of patients.

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Evidence for eosinophil and IL-17 mediated inflammation in allergic rhinitis

Clinical and Molecular Allergy ◽

10.1186/s12948-020-00117-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kawa Amin ◽

Sulaf Mosa Issa ◽

Kosar Mohammad Ali ◽

Muaid Ismiel Aziz ◽

Huner Mohamed Hama Amieen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cationic Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Symptom Scores

Abstract Background The aim was to determine the level of inflammatory cytokines, eosinophil cationic protein and IgE in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Subjects and methods Blood samples were taken from 88 AR patients and 88 healthy controls (HC). Each sample was analysed for eosinophil counts by flow cytometry, IgE by ECLIA, ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 by using ELISA test. Results There was no significant difference between AR patients and the control group in age and gender. Levels of eosinophils, IgE, ECP, IL-17, IL-33 and the total symptom scores were significantly higher in AR patients than the HC (P = 0.0001). Serum ECP correlated with IL-17 (P = 0.041, r = 0.42), IL-33 (P = 0.0001, r = 080), and IgE levels (P = 0.017, r = 0.45) in the R patients. There was no correlation between IL-17 and IL-33. There was a correlation between symptom scores and eosinophils (P = 0.026, r = 0.52), and IgE (P = 0.001, r = 0.60) in the patients. No correlation was observed between symptom scores and ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 in the AR patient. Conclusions Patients with AR have significant higher serum levels of ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 than healthy controls. This indicates that these markers could be used to in order to diagnose AR and to monitor disease. Inhibitory molecules to IL-17 and IL-33 may be considered as novel treatment strategies.

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Evaluation of Serum Level of Claudin‐ 3 and Its Association with Disease Severity in Patients with Psoriasis in Iraqi patients

Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ◽

10.51201/jusst/21/09648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (09) ◽

pp. 1031-1039

Author(s):

Yasser N. Ahmed ◽

◽

Ghassan A. Al-Shamma ◽

Abdullah Salih Hassen ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Psoriasis Patient ◽

Transmembrane Proteins ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽

Dermatology Department ◽

Severity Grade ◽

And Gender ◽

Age And Sex

Background Psoriasis is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease. Psoriasis is a complex illness in which environmental variables acting on individuals with unique genetic predisposition causing immunological dysregulation. Claudins are transmembrane proteins that help to generate tight junctions by binding to the actin cytoskeleton. Claudin 3 in the blood is thought to be a good indicator of intestinal permeability. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect of the alteration of claudin-3 in psoriasis patient and find the correlation between severity and concentration of the claudin-3. Patients and methods: forty psoriatic patients (25males and 15 females) and thirty normal healthy controls (19 men and 11 females) who were age and sex matched to the cases group were included in this study. They were chosen at random from Al Fallujah hospital Dermatology Department outpatient clinic. Result: When compared to the control group, the psoriasis group had substantially greater levels of claudin-3 (mean=2.18 ± 0.16 versus 1.27 ± 0.03; p0.0001). Furthermore, the amount of claudin-3 rose progressively as the severity grade increased (001). There were no significant correlations between claudin-3 levels and gender, dietary status, or family history in the psoriasis group (p>0.05 for each). Conclusion: Claudin-3 levels were considerably greater in psoriasis patients than in healthy controls. PASI levels were shown to be linked to claudin-3 levels.

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The Incidence of Demodex folliculorum in the Combination of Allergic Rhinitis and Diabetes Mellitus

Iranian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.18502/ijpa.v14i3.1486 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Cengiz ARLİ ◽

Muge OZSAN ◽

Eren GURKAN ◽

Ozlem AYCAN KAYA ◽

Umeyya KOKACYA

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Control Group ◽

Demodex Folliculorum ◽

The Face ◽

Patient Groups ◽

And Gender ◽

Demodex Mites ◽

Nose And Throat

Background: Demodex mites are permanent ectoparasites of human pilosebaceous unit. They mainly infect skin of the face and scalp. Many studies have shown higher density of the ectoparasites in diseased inflammatory skin than in normal skin. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Demodex folliculorum (DF) in treatment-resistant patients with the combination of allergic rhinitis (AR) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Method: This study was conducted in 2014-2017. It included 92 patients aged 18-70 years who presented at the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Endocrinology Polyclinics of Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty Hospital, Turkey. An age and gender matched control group was formed of 30 healthy individuals. To determine the presence of DF, a few eyelashes were taken from eyelids in both groups. Then samples were examined under a light microscope. Results: DF positivity was determined in 44 (47.8%) of the 92 patients and in 1 (3.3%) of the 30 control group subjects. In the patient group, DF positivity was evaluated as present in 14 (43.7%) of the DM patients, in 12 (40%) of the AR patients and in 18 (60%) of the AR+DM patients. Statistically significant DF incidence was found in all three patient groups compared to the control group (P=0.001). The incidence in AR + DM group was not different from other patient groups. Conclusion: DM, AR, advanced age and obesity had prepared the environment for Demodex infestations. This issue should be considered especially in treatment of patients with AR+DM.

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Use of Dermatoglyphic Parameters as Possible Markers in Bipolar Affective Disorder

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ◽

10.52403/ijhsr.20210753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 385-393

Author(s):

Amit Kumar Pal ◽

Sagarika Ray ◽

Jishnu Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Affective Disorder ◽

Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Ridge Count ◽

Primordial Prevention ◽

And Gender ◽

The Individual ◽

Bipolar Patients

Background: Bipolar affective disorder is an episodic illness characterized by fluctuating mood states. Association of dermatoglyphic traits with bipolar affective disorder has been observed in various studies. This study was undertaken to evaluate epidermal ridge patterns in bipolar patients as compared to healthy controls attending a super speciality district hospital in West Bengal. Context and purpose of study: Establishing dermatoglyphic parameters as biomarkers for early diagnosis and consequently, prompt intervention in bipolar affective disorder will ensure a greater scope of recovery, and thus promote a better quality of life for the individual as well as lower the burden of disease for the society. Methods: Quantitative dermatoglyphic parameters namely, Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC), Total A-B Ridge Count (TABRC), and ATD Angle of 100 bipolar patients were compared to 100 age and gender matched healthy controls. Results: Statistically significant differences were found on comparing the dermatoglyphic parameters between cases and controls. TFRC was found to be decreased while ATD angle was increased in bipolar cases, as compared to the control group. However, no significant change was observed in TABRC between the two groups. Conclusions: This study found a significant association between dermatoglyphic pattern anomalies and the development of bipolarity. This may offer a scope of primordial prevention of bipolar disorder in future. Key words: Dermatoglyphics, ridge pattern, bipolar disorder, Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC), Total A-B Ridge Count (TABRC), ATD angle.

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A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Testing the Efficacy and Safety of Pterygopalatine Fossa Puncture Using One Acupuncture Needle for Moderate-to-Severe Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/2975974 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Lu Zhang ◽

Lei Jiang ◽

Kai Cheng ◽

Jian-Hua Fu ◽

Shen Jian-Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Symptom Score ◽

Waiting Time ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Pterygopalatine Fossa ◽

Control Group ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Acupuncture Needle ◽

Persistent Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Time To Onset

Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of pterygopalatine fossa puncture using one acupuncture needle inserted through the temporal fossa (intervention) and Chinese verum acupuncture (VA) in patients with moderate-to-severe persistent allergic rhinitis. Methods. The patients were randomized to an intervention group receiving pterygopalatine fossa puncture with one acupuncture needle for 4 weeks (once or twice weekly, 4–8 sessions in total, with a second course performed if required) or to a control group receiving individualized VA for 4 weeks (twice weekly, eight sessions in total). Patients were followed up 4 weeks later. Results. Ninety-six participants were assigned to intervention (n = 48) or VA (n = 48) groups. After treatment, differences in the total nasal symptom score (2004 Chinese version), total nonnasal symptom score, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score, and symptomatic days were not significant between the groups (P>0.05 in all cases). Compared with the VA, the time to onset of effect in the intervention group was shorter and the duration of effectiveness was longer. The mean clinical waiting time was significantly shorter in the intervention group than in the control group (6.640 ± 3.035 min and 31.19 ± 10.216 min, respectively). The total number of sessions in the VA group was 384; 7 episodes of subcutaneous bleeding occurred but did not require treatment. The total number of sessions in the intervention group was 185. Two cases of subcutaneous bleeding (one of local hematoma during the intervention and the other one of bruising in the palpebra inferior on the day after intervention) resolved upon withdrawal from the study. Conclusions. Pterygopalatine fossa puncture using one acupuncture needle resulted in a shorter time to onset of effect, a longer duration of effectiveness, and less clinical waiting time when compared with VA. Though the significant differences for TNSS and TNNSS were shown within intervention and VA groups, there were no differences between the two groups. Although the rate of subcutaneous bleeding was low, these adverse events may influence patient compliance. This trial is registered with ISRCTN21980724.

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