scholarly journals Biochemical changes in rat muscle tissue with prolonged use of simvastatin

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
E V Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Titin Isoforms ◽  
Rat Muscle

Aim. Analysis of biochemical changes in rat muscle tissue after prolonged use of simvastatin. Methods. The study was conducted on mongrel male rats. Three groups were identified: control group (intact animals), comparison group (animals with induced hypercholesterolemia not reeciving the drugs), and experimental group (animals with induced hypercholesterolemia receiving simvastatin 0.0012 g/100 g of weight once a day for 2 months as an aqueous suspension through the esophageal probe). Metabolite concentration of glycolysis (pyruvic acid and lactate), activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase), titin isoforms and proteolytic fragments of titin and nebulin concentration were determined in the muscles of animals. Results. After administration of simvastatin to animals with induced hypercholesterolemia, a decrease in the concentration of glycolysis metabolites (pyruvic acid and lactate) compared to comparison group was revealed, as well as multidirectional changes in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (decrease in activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, decreased concentration of reduced glutathione, but catalase activity remained unchanged). The analysis of structural changes in animal muscle tissue after administration of simvastatin revealed a decrease in the concentration of NT- and N2A-titin isoforms and practically complete absence of nebulin compared to the animals from the comparison group. At the same time an increase in the concentration of proteolytic fragments of titin (T2) by 1.3 times was recorded. Conclusion. The study showed that the basis of myotoxicity of statins in their long-term use is disintegration of enzyme antioxidant processes, as well as tissue hypoxia, leading to destruction of muscle fibers and prevalence of proteolytic processes.

scholarly journals Antioxidant protection enzyme activity in the blood serum and large intestinal mucosa of rats with prolonged gastric hypochlorhydria and given multiprobiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444
Author(s):  
S. V. Pylypenko ◽  
A. A. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Colon Mucosa

The activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in the blood serum and colon mucosa in rats was studied under the conditions of 28-days administration of omeprazole on its own and omeprazole together with multiprobiotics "Symbiter" and "Apibact". Physiological and biochemical study methods were applied. It was found that after omeprazole administration, the activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood serum decreased, and the activity of catalase increased compared to the control. With the co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased compared to the group of rats that received omeprazole only during the same time, but remained less compared to the control group. The content of reduced glutathione in the blood serum of rats after administration of omeprazole decreased, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase increased, and the activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the control. With co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, the serum RG content was at the control level, the activity of glutathione reductase exceeded the control values. The activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the group receiving omeprazole only. The activity of glutathione reductase increased and did not differ from the control values. In the colon mucosa, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity decreased compared to control. With the combined administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity increased and even exceeded the control values. With the administration of omeprazole, the reduced glutathione content in the colon mucosa was lower than that in the control. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased and glutathione transferase and activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the control. With co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics to rats, the reduced glutathione content increased compared to the group of rats administered omeprazole only, and even exceeded that in the control.

Dietary supplementation with magnesium citrate may improve pancreatic metabolic indices in an alloxan-induced diabetes rat model

10.5219/1375 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 836-846
Author(s):  
Olena Shatynska ◽  
Oleksandr Tokarskyy ◽  
Petro Lykhatskyi ◽  
Olha Yaremchuk ◽  
Iryna Bandas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Peroxidation Index

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the protective properties of dietary magnesium supplementation on pancreatic tissue of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were split into five groups (control, diabetes, diabetes with 100 mg Mg daily, diabetes with 250 mg Mg daily, diabetes with 500 mg Mg daily) with feeding supplementation starting on day 1, diabetes induction on day 21, and animal sacrifice on day 30. Fasting glucose in blood serum was measured on days 21, 25, 27, and day 30. Glucose metabolism enzymes, namely, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were measured in pancreatic tissue upon the sacrifice, as well as lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system protective enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and glutathione system components (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reduced). Pearson correlation coefficients showed strong negative correlation between serum glucose (control and diabetic animals) and glucose metabolism enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in pancreatic tissue (r >-0.9, p <0.05), moderate negative correlation with reduced glutathione (r = -0.79, p <0.05), moderate positive correlation with lipid peroxidation index (r = +0.67, p <0.05), weak correlation with glutathione reductase (r = -0.57, p <0.05). Magnesium supplementation slowed down diabetes onset considering fasting glucose levels in rats (p <0.05), as well as partially restored investigated dehydrogenase levels in the pancreas of rats comparing to diabetes group (p <0.05). The lipid peroxidation index varied between treatments showing the dose-dependent influence of Mg2+. Magnesium supplementation partially restored catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in pancreatic tissue, as well as glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels (p <0.05), while glutathione reductase levels remained unaffected (p >0.05). The obtained results suggested a model, where magnesium ions may have a possible protective effect on pancreatic tissue against the negative influence of alloxan inside β cells of the pancreas.

scholarly journals The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes of rats with experimental neoplastic disease.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Batko ◽  
T Warchoł ◽  
H Karoń
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Morris Hepatoma

In erythrocytes of rats bearing Morris hepatoma 5123 the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase as well as the level of reduced glutathione increased on the 10th day after transplantation of the tumor. In the second phase of the tumor growth (20 days after transplantation), the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and the level of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes of the experimental animals were lower than in controls, whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase was at that time higher than in controls. On the other hand, the activity of catalase did not significantly differ from that found in healthy rats.

scholarly journals Some features of musclemetabolic processes changes with prolonged use of simvastatin and thioctic acid in the experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
I A Semenets
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Thioctic Acid

Aim. To identify biochemical changes in the muscle tissue of rats in long-term comprehensive administration of simvastatin and thioctic acid (lipoic acid). Methods. The study was conducted on 120 male outbred rats. The animals were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - intact animals fed common vivarium diet, group 2 - with induced essential hypercholesterolemia. The animals of the experimental group were divided into three subgroups: subgroup 1 - animals that received a diet without the additional drugs; subgroup 2 - those who received simvastatin, and subgroup 3 - those who received simvastatin in combination with thioctic (lipoic) acid. At the end of experiment the concentrations of pyruvic acid, lactate, and reduced glutathione, activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were determined in the muscle of experimental animals. Results. The development of hypercholesterolemia was found to be characterized by the accumulation of pyruvic acid and lactate in the muscles of rats, which may indicate metabolic acidosis formation. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was multidirectional, indicating disorganization of the main mechanisms of antioxidant defense. The dynamics of antioxidant enzymes activity in animal muscles after the administration of simvastatin indicates aggravation of antioxidant defense disorders. The decrease of the concentration of pyruvic acid and lactate indicates a decrease of the severity of hypoxia. At the same time, decrease of the activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase indicates the prevalence of anaerobic bioenergetic mechanisms. After administration of simvastatin in combination with thioctic (lipoic) acid, a decrease of the level of pyruvic acid and lactate to the levels in the control group, an increase of the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, and increase of the reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of reduced glutathione were detected. Conclusion. Analyzing the data obtained, thioctic (lipoic) acid with the concomitant use of a statin can be assumed to provide reduction of the severity of hypoxia, stabilization of the bioenergetic and antioxidant processes that can be used for targeted impact on certain pathobiochemical violations in muscle tissue with chronic administration of statins.

scholarly journals Decrease in Antioxidant Status of Plasma and Erythrocytes from Geriatric Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjulata Kumawat ◽  
Tarun Kumar Sharma ◽  
Ishwar Singh ◽  
Neelima Singh ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Free Radical Damage

Background: Ageing is associated with an accumulation of free radical damage, which leads to physiological and clinical modifications. The study aims to find out the status of lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde in geriatric population.Patients/methods: The study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 healthy control between the ages of 20–30 years and 75 elderly subjects between ages of 50–70 years as cases). The following parameters were analyzed using the standard reference methods: lipid profile, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde.Results: The present study was conducted to estimate the oxidative stress parameters in geriatric population. Highly significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C), malondialdehyde, catalase and decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase was observed in geriatrics when compared with their younger counterparts.Conclusion: This study concluded that there is enhanced oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence in geriatrics as compared to younger subjects which could play an important role in ageing. Dyslipidemia has become one of the important risk factors for the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. There is lack of awareness on the relationship between blood lipids and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in geriatric population. The strategy of early prevention should be adopted against dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Effect of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on metabolic processes in the heart, liver, and pancreas in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-668
Author(s):  
Z I Mikashinovich ◽  
A V Romashenko ◽  
I A Semenets
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver And Pancreas

Aim. To analyze the biochemical changes in the cells of the heart muscle, liver and pancreas, as well as to establish their pathogenetic significance in diet-induced experimental hypercholesterolemia. Methods. The study was conducted on 65 outbred male rats. During the experiment, the animals were divided into groups: the first (control, n=30) animals that were kept on a general vivarium diet; the second (experimental, n=35) animals with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia for three months by keeping on a special diet. At the end of the experiment, the concentrations of pyruvic acid, lactate, reduced glutathione, the activity of glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were determined in the tissues by using biochemical methods. The Student's t-test was used for the experimental data of the samples after normality testing. Results. The analysis of energy metabolism indicators in animals with hypercholesterolemia relative to the control group revealed a lower level of pyruvic acid in the heart muscle (0.290.03 mmol/mg protein; p 0.05) and liver (0.250.02 mmol/mg protein; p 0.001). A significantly higher lactate level was recorded in all tissues, most pronounced in the liver (6.730.6 mmol/mg protein; p 0.001). The results obtained indicate the predominance of the anaerobic glycolysis in the tissues and the accumulation of incomplete-oxidation products. The study of the key glutathione-linked enzymes in animals with hypercholesterolemia relative to the control showed a lower activity of glutathione reductase in the pancreas 0.520.05 mmol/mg protein/min (p 0.001), as well as its higher activity in the liver 0.2970.03 mmol/mg protein/min (p 0.001) and heart 13.581.4 mmol/mg protein/min (p 0.001). The activity of glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in all organs remained practically unchanged, or the differences were insignificant. This trend indicates a violation of the antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress. Conclusion. Changes in the metabolic link of adaptive-compensatory responses in the cells of the heart muscle, liver, and, most pronounced in the pancreas, indicate the role of the pancreas as a target organ in the pathogenesis of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.

scholarly journals Effect of Chronic Exposure to Pesticide Methomyl on Antioxidant Defense System in Testis of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Its Recovery Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3332
Author(s):  
Shunlong Meng ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Chao Song ◽  
Limin Fan ◽  
Liping Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Recovery Pattern

The chronic effect of environmental methomyl on the antioxidant system in testis of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its recovery pattern was investigated. Tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.2, 2, 20 and 200 μgL−1 methomyl for 30 days and thereafter moved to methomyl-free water for 18 days. Antioxidant levels in testis, including glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione were measured every 6 days during the period of exposure, and at 18 days after being transferred to methomyl-free water. The results showed that lower methomyl concentration (0.2 μgL−1) had no effect on the above antioxidants, thus 0.2 μgL−1 could be seen as NOAEL for methomyl to tilapia. However, higher methomyl concentration of 2, 20 and 200 μgL−1 could significantly influence the above antioxidants. Glutathione peroxidase and oxidized glutathione increased significantly. On the contrary, reduced glutathione decreased significantly. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase increased at lower methomyl (2 and 20 μgL−1), but decreased at higher methomyl (200 μgL−1). The recovery test showed that oxidative damage caused by lower methomyl of 2 and 20 μgL−1 was reversible, and oxidative damage caused by higher methomyl of 200 μgL−1 was irreversible within 18 days of recovery period.

State of the enzyme link of antioxidant protection in boys with hypoandrogenism

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
L. K. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L. A. Strashok ◽  
S. I. Turchina ◽  
G. V. Kosovtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

scholarly journals Effect of Cross-Sex Hormonal Replacement on Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Retroperitoneal Fat Adipocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Hormonal Replacement

We report the effect of cross-sex hormonal replacement on antioxidant enzymes from rat retroperitoneal fat adipocytes. Eight rats of each gender were assigned to each of the following groups: control groups were intact female or male (F and M, resp.). Experimental groups were ovariectomized F (OvxF), castrated M (CasM), OvxF plus testosterone (OvxF + T), and CasM plus estradiol (CasM + E2) groups. After sacrifice, retroperitoneal fat was dissected and processed for histology. Adipocytes were isolated and the following enzymatic activities were determined: Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). Also, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. In OvxF, retroperitoneal fat increased and adipocytes were enlarged, while in CasM rats a decrease in retroperitoneal fat and small adipocytes are observed. The cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats was associated with larger adipocytes and a further decreased activity of Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, and GSH, in addition to an increase in LPO. CasM + E2exhibited the opposite effects showing further activation antioxidant enzymes and decreases in LPO. In conclusion, E2deficiency favors an increase in retroperitoneal fat and large adipocytes. Cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats aggravates the condition by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF «METISEVIT» ON THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYME AND NONENZYME LINK OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION UNDER THE BULL’S BODY CADMIUM LOADING

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
B.V. Gutyj ◽  
Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
V. Binkevych ◽  
O. Binkevych ◽  
О. Paladischuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Young Cattle

The article contains the research results of the effect of cadmium chloride on the indexes of enzyme and nonenzyme systems of  antioxidant defense system in young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E. It is established that feeding calves at a dose of toxicant 0.04 mg / kg activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E in the blood of experimental animals decreased throughout the experiment. The lowest indicators of antioxidant in the blood of young cattle is set on the twenty -fourth day of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the balance between antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. Given the cadmium load of young cattle it is used a new integrated drug with antioxidant action «Metisevit», which includes metifen, sodium selenite and vitamin E wich is founded as stimulating effects on the activity of antioxidant protection. In particular,it is established probable increase in activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, vitamin A and vitamin E in the blood of young cattle, which has performed cadmium stress. These changes occur through comprehensive action components of the drug «Metisevit» that leads to the normalization of metabolic processes and free radical in the body of the bull. The results of the research indicate antioxidant drug «Metisevit» in the application of its young cattle and the validity of his administration to improve the body's antioxidant status of chronic cadmium toxicosis.

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