scholarly journals The role of obesity in the development of labor and postpartum abnormalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
R S Asakeeva ◽  
Ch K Kalkanbaeva ◽  
G K Zhalieva ◽  
F R Niyazova ◽  
N Dzh Shoonaeva
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Obesity Class ◽  
Birth Records

Aim. Comparative assessment of the features of the course of labor and postpartum period in women with obesity of various classes. Methods. During 2014-2016, a cohort retrospective and prospective study included 318 birth records. The main group consisted of 198 case records of women with different severity of obesity (122 with obesity class I, 57 with class II and 19 with class III), and the control group included 120 case records of women without obesity. Results. In women with obesity class II and III (p=0.003 and p <0.001) had preterm birth more often than in the control group. Patients with obesity class III had the cesarean section significantly more often than in the control group (p=0.043), in the same group hypertensive disorders in labor and intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus developed more frequently (p=0.009 and p=0.039). In the postpartum period with class III obesity, postpartum haemorrhage was significantly more frequent than in the control group (p=0.045). Among complications of postpartum period in patients with obesity class II, a loychiometer (by 1.7 times), endometritis (by 1.6 times), complications after cesarean section (by 2.1 times) were registered more often than in the control group, and in obesity class III - subinvolution of the uterus (by 2.1 times), endometritis (by 2.4 times), complications after cesarean section (by 3.2 times), divergence of the seams on the perineum (by 2.4 times), but these parameters were not statistically significantly different. Conclusion. The negative impact of excess body weight on the labor course was shown, moreover, labor in obesity class I is more favorable than in class II and III.

scholarly journals Outcomes Amongst Obesity Class I, II, and III Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Sabatino ◽  
NaYoung Yang ◽  
Fady Soliman ◽  
Joshua Chao ◽  
ALEXIS OKOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Class I ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Obesity Class

Background: Minimally invasive heart valve surgery has previously been shown to be safe and feasible in obese patients. Within this population, we investigated the effect of obesity class on the patient outcomes of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini-AVR). Methods: A single center retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with obese body mass indices (BMIs) who underwent mini-AVR between 2012 and 2018. Patients were stratified into 3 groups according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention adult obesity classifications: Class I (BMI 30.0 to < 35.0), Class II (BMI 35.0 to < 40.0), and Class III (BMI ≥ 40.0). The primary outcomes were postoperative length of stay (LOS), 30-day mortality within, and cost. Results: Amongst 182 obese patients who underwent mini-AVR, LOS (Class I 4 [3-6] vs. Class II 4 [3-6] vs. Class III 5 [4-6] days; p=0.098) and costs (Class I $24,487 [$20,199-$27.480] vs. Class II $22,921 [$20,433-$27,740] vs. Class III $23,886 [$20,063-$33,800] USD; p=0.860) did not differ between obesity class cohorts. Postoperative 30-day mortality (Class I 2.83% [n=2] vs. Class II 0% [n=0] vs. Class III 0% [n=0]; p=0.763) was limited by an insufficient sample size relative to a low event rate but did not differ between patient cohorts. Conclusions: Mini-AVR is safe and feasible to perform for obese patients regardless of their obesity class. Patients with obesity should be afforded the option of minimally invasive aortic valve surgery regardless of their obesity class.

scholarly journals Assessment of Positional Variation of Maxillary Permanent First Molar with respect to the Infrazygomatic Crest (Key Ridge) in Skeletal Class I, II and III Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Kamble ◽  
Ananya Hazarey ◽  
Pushpa Hazarey ◽  
Jeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Positional Variation ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

ABSTRACT Introduction To assess the positional variations of maxillary first permanent molar in horizontal and vertical plane with respect to infrazygomatic crest (key ridge) in skeletal class I, II and III cases. Materials and methods A total of 103 lateral cephalograms comprising of 40 skeletal class I (control group), 35 class II and 28 class III cases were selected and analyzed. Six parameters were chosen to compare the vertical and the horizontal variations of first permanent molars. Results The angulation of maxillary first molar with respect to key ridge in class II and III was 2.42° and 6.97° as compared to class I which was 5.35°. The mesiobuccal cusp tip of maxillary first molar from key ridge in class II and III was 2.11 and 5.46 mm respectively as compared to class I (1.62 mm). The mesiobuccal root tip of maxillary first molar from key ridge in class II and III was 2.14 and 2.82 mm as compared to class I (1.27 mm). Conclusion The maxillary first molar was not directly under the infrazygomatic crest and was ahead of the key ridge in all the groups. The maxillary first permanent molar was placed more mesially in class II and III cases as compared to the class I cases but, in class III, it was more upright as compared to class I and II. How to cite this article Kamble R, Hazarey A, Hazarey P, Singh J. Assessment of Positional Variation of Maxillary Permanent First Molar with respect to the Infrazygomatic Crest (Key Ridge) in Skeletal Class I, II and III Cases. World J Dent 2013;4(4):228-234.

The Role of Morning Plasma Cortisol in Obesity: A Bi-directional Mendelian Randomization Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui QI ◽  
Bin CUI ◽  
Min CAO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Obesity Class

Abstract Context Cortisol, an important hormone regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is associated with obesity. However, it is unclear whether the relationship between cortisol and obesity is causal or could be explained by reverse causality. Objective This work aims to assess the role of morning plasma cortisol in clinical classes of obesity. Methods In this bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, cortisol-associated genetic variants were obtained from the CORtisol NETwork consortium (n = 12,597). The primary outcomes were obesity class I (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2), class II (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2), and class III (BMI ≥ 40kg/m 2). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the main analysis, with weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO as sensitivity analyses. Conversely, genetic variants predicting clinical classes of obesity were applied to the cortisol GWAS. Results Genetically predicted cortisol was associated with reduced risk of obesity class I (OR = 0.905; 95% CI, 0.865-0.946; p &lt; 0.001). Evidence from bi-directional MR showed that obesity class II and class III were associated with lower cortisol levels ((class II-cortisol OR = 0.953; 95% CI, 0.923-0.983; p = 0.002); (class III-cortisol OR = 0.955; 95% CI, 0.942-0.967; p &lt; 0.001)), indicating reverse causality between cortisol and obesity. Conclusions This study demonstrates that cortisol is negatively associated with obesity and vice versa. Together, these findings suggest that blunted morning plasma cortisol secretion may be responsible for severe obesity. Regulating morning plasma secretion might be a prevention measure for obese people.

scholarly journals Impact of different malocclusion types on the vertical mandibular asymmetry in young adult sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Al Taki ◽  
Mohammed H. Ahmed ◽  
Hussain A. Ghani ◽  
Fatma Al Kaddah
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Class I ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the vertical mandibular asymmetry in a group of adult patients with different types of malocclusions, based on Angle's dental classification. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 patients (age range 19–28) who went for routine orthodontic treatment in the institution were divided into four groups: Class I, 26 patients; Class II/1, 30 patients; Class III, 23 patients; and control group (CG) with normal occlusion, 23 patients. Condylar asymmetry index (CAI), ramal asymmetry index (RAI), condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index values were measured for all patients on panoramic radiographs. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). Results: The results of the analysis showed that different occlusal types significantly affected the vertical symmetry of the mandible at the condylar level. Class I and Class II/1 malocclusion groups showed a significant difference in CAI values relative to the CG (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the CG and Class III malocclusion group (P > 0.05). Comparisons between Class II/1 and Class I malocclusions revealed a significant difference in CAI values (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Both Class II/1 and Class I malocclusions patients had significantly higher CAI values compared to CG and Class III group. CAI value was significantly higher in Class II/1 malocclusion compared to Class I malocclusion. Both these malocclusions could act as a predisposing factor for having asymmetric condyles if left untreated.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Malocclusion On Quality Of Life And Life Satisfaction

10.3823/2492 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Franklin Cordeiro Neto ◽  
Roberto Carlos Mourão Pinho ◽  
Raulison Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Bruna De Carvalho Farias Vajgel ◽  
Renata Cimões
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the type of malocclusion affects the perception of quality and satisfaction with people's lives. Material and Methods: Three questionnaires were applied: the first one assessed the social and economic factors and the diagnosis of malocclusion through Angle´s classification, the second was the OHIP-14, and the third was the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Results: This study involved 444 patients aged 18 to 72 years. According to the classification of malocclusion 48.65% was Class I, 22.75% was Class II division 1, 12.16% was Class II division 2 and Class III 16.44%. The malocclusion did not have negative impact on the level of satisfaction with life, but in all dimensions analyzed by OHIP-14, malocclusion had negative impact on quality of life and was statistically significant. The most severe malocclusions such as Class II and Class III represent a more negative impact when compared to Class I malocclusion. Moreover, for the dimensions assessed by the OHIP-14, physical pain and psychological discomfort were those who showed a greater negative impact on quality of life. Conclusions: Malocclusions do not interfere with the judgment of the level of satisfaction with life, but they produce a negative impact on quality of life.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Irregular Risk of Stroke Increased by Obesity Classes: A Stratified Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelun Zou ◽  
Leiyun Wang ◽  
Linxiao Xiao ◽  
Zihao Xu ◽  
Tianxing Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Class I ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Obesity Class ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundTo investigate the relationship between different classes of obesity and stroke, we conducted a stratified Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsThe body mass index (BMI) data of 263,407 Europeans with three classes of obesity (obesity class I, 30 kg/m2 ≤ BMI &lt; 35 kg/m2; obesity class II, 35 kg/m2 ≤ BMI &lt; 40 kg/m2; obesity class III, 40 kg/m2 ≤ BMI) were extracted from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium. Summary-level data of stroke and its subtypes [ischemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)] were obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis, which was performed by the MEGASTROKE consortium. MR methods were used to identify the causal relationships.ResultsThe MR analysis revealed that both obesity class I [odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.12, p = 1.0 × 10-5] and obesity class II (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09, p = 1 × 10-4) were significantly positively related to IS, while obesity class III was not (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.96–1.06, p = 0.65). In contrast to IS, there was no class of obesity associated with ICH risk. Further examination of the relationship between obesity classification and IS subtypes revealed that certain degrees of obesity were related to large artery stroke (LAS) (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.24, p = 2.8 × 10-3 for class I; OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.16, p = 0.002 for class II) and cardioembolic stroke (CES) (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.20, p = 0.02 for class I; OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.15, p = 0.007 for class II).ConclusionsA higher risk of IS, but not ICH, could be linked to obesity classes I and II. A strong association between LAS and CES and obesity was observed among all IS subtypes in the obese population.

scholarly journals Impact of body mass index on 90-day warfarin requirements: a retrospective chart review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 175394472110128
Author(s):  
Bolanle M. Soyombo ◽  
Ashley Taylor ◽  
Christopher Gillard ◽  
Candice Wilson ◽  
Janel Bailey Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Obesity Class

Background: Rates of obesity continue to rise worldwide as evidenced in the 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that indicated over 35% of United States (US) citizens are obese, with Louisiana ranked as the fifth most obese state in America. Since large clinical trials tend to exclude obese patients, health care providers are faced with concerns of under- or overdosing these patients on warfarin. Methods: This retrospective chart review evaluated patients who reported to a community anticoagulation clinic for warfarin management between 1 June 2017 and 30 September 2017. Along with baseline demographics, chronic use of drugs that have clinically significant interactions with warfarin, social activity such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption, were collected. Body mass indexes (BMI) were collected and categorized according to the World Health Organization definitions as follows: Normal (BMI 18–24.9 kg/m2), Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), Obesity Class I (30–34.9 kg/m2), Obesity Class II (35–39.9 kg/m2), Obesity Class III (⩾40 kg/m2). The primary outcome was the mean 90-day warfarin dose required to maintain “intermediate control” or “good control” of international normalized ratio (INR), stratified by BMI classifications. The secondary outcome was the time in therapeutic range (TTR) stratified by BMI classifications. Results: A total of 433 patient encounters were included in this study. There was a total of 43 encounters in the Normal BMI category, 111 Overweight encounters, 135 Obesity Class I encounters, 45 Obesity Class II encounters, and 99 Obesity Class III encounters. Approximately 63% of the study population were male, and over 90% the patients were African American. The Obesity Class I and Obesity Class II class required an average of 11.47 mg and 17.10 mg more warfarin, respectively, to maintain a therapeutic INR when compared with the Normal BMI category. These findings were statistically significant with p values of 0.007 and <0.001, respectively. Additionally, upon comparing the Overweight BMI category with the Obesity Class II category, there was a mean warfarin dose difference of 11.22 mg ( p = 0.010) more in Obesity Class II encounters to maintain a therapeutic INR. In the secondary analysis of TTR, Overweight category encounters had the highest TTR, whereas encounters in the Normal BMI category had the lowest TTR. Conclusion: As BMI increases, there is an increased chronic warfarin requirement to maintain “intermediate control” or “good control” of INR between 2 and 3 in an ambulatory care setting.

scholarly journals Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Chen ◽  
Jason Chen-Chieh Fang ◽  
Chia-Jung Chang ◽  
Ti-Feng Wu ◽  
I-Kuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Class I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Urine Cadmium ◽  
The Mean

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Mandibular Asymmetry in Different Occlusion Patterns

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Said Sezgin ◽  
Peruze Celenk ◽  
Selim Arici
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Division 2

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of different occlusion types on the mandibular asymmetry in young individuals. Materials and Methods: Mandibular asymmetry measurements were performed on the panoramic radiographs of 189 subjects (104 females and 85 males; age range, 11–15 years), with different occlusion patterns. The subjects were divided into five groups according to the occlusion types, namely, Angle Class I (Cl I), Class II division 1 (Cl II/1), Class II division 2 (Cl II/2), Class III (Cl III), and normal occlusions. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the possible statistically significant differences between the groups for condyle, ramus, and condyle-plus-ramus asymmetry index measurements. Identified differences between groups were further analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence interval (P &lt; .05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between male and female subjects. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the occlusion type had a significant effect on the condylar asymmetry. In Cl II/1 cases, condylar asymmetry values were significantly different from the values of Cl II/2 and Cl III malocclusion and normal occlusion types. The normal occlusion control group was significantly different from those of Cl II/1 and the Cl I malocclusion groups. Conclusion: Cl II/1 malocclusion has a significant effect on the condylar asymmetry index when compared to Cl II/2 and Cl III malocclusion and normal occlusion types. However, the mean condylar asymmetry index value in Cl II/1 malocclusion was not different from Cl I malocclusion.

scholarly journals A convenient method of preparation of high-activity urease from Canavalia ensiformis by covalent chromatography and an investigation of its thiol groups with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide as a thiol titrant and reactivity probe

1976 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Norris ◽  
K Brocklehurst
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Class I ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
Class Ib ◽  
Covalent Chromatography

1. A convenient method of preparation of jack-bean urease (EC3.5.1.5) involving covalent chromatography by thiol-disulphide interchange is described. 2. Urease thus prepared has specific activity comparable with the highest value yet reported (44.5 ± 1.47 kat/kg, Km = 3.32 ± 0.05 mM; kcat. = 2.15 × 104 ± 0.05 × 104s-1 at pH7.0 and 38°C). 3. Titration of the urease thiol groups with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (2-Py-S-S-2-Py) and application of the method of Tsou Chen-Lu [(1962) Sci. Sin.11, 1535-1558] suggests that the urease molecule (assumed to have mol.wt. 483000 and ε280 = 2.84 × 105 litre·mol-1-cm-1) contains 24 inessential thiol groups of relatively high reactivity (class-I), six ‘essential’ thiol groups of low reactivity (class-II) and 54 buried thiol groups (class-III) which are exposed in 6M-guanidinium chloride. 4. The reaction of the class-I thiol groups with 2-Py-S-S-2-Py was studied in the pH range 6-11 at 25°C(I = 0.1 mol/l) by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and the analogous reaction of the class-II thiol groups by conventional spectrophotometry. 5. The class-I thiol groups consist of at least two sub-classes whose reactions with 2-Py-S-S-2-Py are characterized by (a) pKa = 9.1, k = 1.56 × 104M-1·s-1 and (b) pKa = 8.1, k = 8.05 × 102M-1·s-1 respectively. The reaction of the class-II thiol groups is characterized by pKa = 9.15 and k = 1.60 × 102M-1·s-1. 6. At pH values 7-8 the class-I thiol groups consist of approx. 50% class-Ia groups and 50% class-Ib groups. The ratio class Ia/class Ib decreases as the pH is raised according to a pKa value ≥ approx. 9.5, and at high pH the class-I thiol groups consist of at most 25% class-Ia groups and at least 75% class-Ib groups. 7. The reactivity of the class-II thiol groups towards 2-Py-S-S-2-Py is insensitive to the nature of the group used to block the class-I thiols. 8. All the ‘essential’ thiol groups in urease appear to be eeactive only as uncomplicated thiolate ions. The implications of this for the active-centre chemistry of urease relative to that of the thiol proteinases are discussed.

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